新生大鼠海马神经元体外分散培养技术研究

在实验室建立了分散的新生大鼠海马神经细胞体外培养模型。该模型属原代培养。在体外能直接观察神经元的生长发育。研究表明：该模型稳定性好,差异性小：培养神经细胞可存活１个月以上,１４ｄ左右细胞生长最为丰满,且四周晕光明显,神经突起多而粗大,分枝互成网络;１４ｄ以后生长减缓。由于在此模型培养的条件下,即不存在血脑屏障问题,又容易控制条件,便于在细胞和分子水平上深入研究神经细胞的形态学,生理学,生化代谢及药     

新生大鼠海马神经干细胞的体外培养及鉴定

的探讨新生大鼠海马神经干细胞（NSC）的体外培养和诱导分化的条件和特点。方法分离出生1d大鼠海马,在表皮生长因子、碱性成纤维生长因子和B27联合作用下使其稳定增殖,用5-溴脱氧尿苷（BMU）标记处于增殖状态的神经干细胞,应用免疫荧光染色方法行巢蛋白（Nestin）、5-溴脱氧尿苷（BrdU）、β-Ⅲ型微管蛋白（Tuj-1）、波形蛋白（Vimenfin）和Galc-C免疫荧光染色,对NSC的增殖及其分化的细胞进行鉴定。结果体外培养的NSC增殖成神经干细胞球并传代,鉴定为Nestin染色阳性细胞和5-溴脱氧尿苷（BrdU）标记染色阳性细胞,并可诱导分化为神经元细胞（Tuj-1染色阳性细胞）、神经胶质细胞（Vimentin染色阳性细胞）和少突胶质细胞（GMc-C染色阳性细胞）。结论采用无血清培养基中加入特定生长因子的培养技术,可培养出在体外稳定增殖并有多向分化潜能的新生大鼠海马神经干细胞。     

脑源性神经营养因子前体对海马神经元发育的影响

目的:通过体外培养海马神经元,给予抗proBDNF血清,观察其对体外海马神经元发育及存活的影响。方法:取新生0~1h的SD大鼠海马组织,体外培养神经元,给予抗pr0BDNF羊血清处理进行形态学观察,通过细胞免疫组织化学方法观察。结果:体外培养的海马神经元生长有明显的阶段性。给予抗pr0BDNF处理后,其表达量与神经元生长状态、存活细胞数成正比。培养Id组的表达水平高于3d、7d组,差值具有统计学意义。结论:给予外源性抗pr0BDNF羊血清处理后,体外培养的海马神经元生长状态良好且突起数目增多,提示内源性的proBDNF抑制神经元的发育,促进凋亡,给予外源性抗体后,减弱其生物学作用,神经元发育抑制因素减弱,存活细胞数、突起数增多。     

重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对β-淀粉样蛋白诱导新生大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的抑制作用

目的：探索不同剂量重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ25-35)诱导的海马神经细胞凋亡的抑制作用及治疗老年性痴呆(AD)的可能机制。方法：分离培养新生大鼠海马组织神经细胞，用Aβ25-35诱导分化成熟的海马神经细胞凋亡，采用Hoechst33258染色法、Annexin-V法、脱氧核糖核酸琼脂糖凝胶电泳、蛋白质杂交技术研究加入Aβ25-35培养的以及Aβ25-35和bFGF、共培养的海马神经细胞的形态和分子生物学改变及凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax表达的变化。结果：Aβ25-35可诱导海马神经细胞核脱氧核糖核酸发生降解，出现胞浆浓缩、凋亡小体形成等；而Aβ25-35和bFGF共培养的海马神经细胞则能缓解这种形态学上的变化，细胞凋亡率减少，Bcl-2的表达量上调而Bax表达量下调。结论：bFGF能抑制Aβ25-35对神经细胞的毒性作用，其机制可能是通过调控Bcl-2、Bax的表达来实现的。     

三七总皂苷对新生大鼠海马神经干细胞活性影响及促分化作用

目的研究三七总皂苷对海马神经干细胞活性的影响和分化作用。方法体外培养海马神经干细胞,分别接种于96孔板和12孔板,96孔板细胞按三七总皂苷不同浓度梯度和同一浓度的不同时间点进行干预,应用MTT法检测海马神经干细胞的OD值,观察三七总皂苷对海马神经干细胞活性的影响;12细胞孔板分为对照组和给药组,应用免疫荧光染色方法检测神经元新生特异抗原（Tuj-1）和胶质细胞新生抗原（Vimentin）的表达,以观察三七总皂苷对海马神经干细胞分化的影响。结果（1）一定浓度范围内三七总皂苷能增强海马神经干细胞活性;（2）三七总皂苷能促进海马神经干细胞向神经元和胶质细胞方向分化。结论三七总皂苷能增强海马神经干细胞的活性并能促进海马神经干细胞分化。     

多不饱和脂肪酸对谷氨酸诱导的大鼠海马神经细胞损伤的双重影响

通过测定原代培养的谷氨酸诱导的受损海马神经的细胞存活率,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,以及谷胱甘肽和一氧化氮的水平,研究多不饱和脂肪酸,如二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)、花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,AA),对大鼠海马神经细胞损伤的影响.海马神经元用神经特异性烯醇化酶进行鉴定.研究发现:(1)DHA 5～50 mg/L能有效的对抗谷氨酸诱导的海马神经细胞的损害作用.表现在细胞存活率、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性较谷氨酸处理组明显提高,NO水平降低,谷胱甘肽含量与对照组相比变化不大.(2)5 mg/LAA对损伤没有影响,而30和50 mg/LAA对损伤具有加重作用,其细胞存活率、GSH-Px活性、GSH水平较谷氨酸处理组明显降低.结果表明,多不饱和脂肪酸对谷氨酸诱导的神经细胞损伤具有双重作用.     

重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对β-演粉样蛋白诱导新生大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的抑制作用

目的探索不同剂量重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ25-35)诱导的海马神经细胞凋亡的抑制作用及治疗老年性痴呆(AD)的可能机制.方法分离培养新生大鼠海马组织神经细胞,用Aβ25-35诱导分化成熟的海马神经细胞凋亡,采用Hoechst33258染色法、Annexin-V法、脱氧核糖核酸琼脂糖凝胶电泳、蛋白质杂交技术研究加入Aβ25-35培养的以及Aβ25-35和bFGF共培养的海马神经细胞的形态和分子生物学改变及凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax表达的变化.结果Aβ25-35可诱导海马神经细胞核脱氧核糖核酸发生降解,出现胞浆浓缩、凋亡小体形成等;而Aβ25-35和bFGF共培养的海马神经细胞则能缓解这种形态学上的变化,细胞凋亡率减少,Bcl-2的表达量上调而Bax表达量下调.结论bFGF能抑制Aβ25-35对神经细胞的毒性作用,其机制可能是通过调控Bcl-2、Bax的表达来实现的.     

新生大鼠海马神经干细胞缺血再灌注实验模型建立

目的探讨建立新生大鼠海马神经干细胞体外缺血再灌注模型。方法体外细胞培养采用无血清培养。实验分为模型组和对照组,模型组采用氧糖剥夺（OGD）法模拟在体缺血,应用MTT法检测海马神经干细胞的OD值。结果细胞OGD处理后,不同时间点的细胞活性与正常对照组比较,最初活性升高,随后活性下降,4h、6h显著差异（P〈0．05）,有明显统计学意义。结论此方法建立的细胞体外缺血再灌注模型结果可靠,能应用于实验研究。     

新生大鼠海马神经干细胞的体外培养及鉴定

目的 探讨新生大鼠海马神经干细胞(NSC)的体外培养和诱导分化的条件和特点.方法 分离出生1d大鼠海马,在表皮生长因子、碱性成纤维生长因子和B27,联合作用下使其稳定增殖,用5-溴脱氧尿苷(BrdU)标记处于增殖状态的神经干细胞,应用免疫荧光染色方法 行巢蛋白(Nestin)、5-溴脱氧尿苷(BrdU)、β-Ⅲ型微管蛋白(Tuj-1)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)和Galc-C免疫荧光染色,对NSC的增殖及其分化的细胞进行鉴定.结果 体外培养的NSC增殖成神经干细胞球并传代.鉴定为Nestin染色阳性细胞和5-溴脱氧尿苷(BrdU)标记染色阳性细胞,并可诱导分化为神经元细胞(Tuj-1染色阳性细胞)、神经胶质细胞(Vimentin染色阳性细胞)和少突胶质细胞(Calc-C染色阳性细胞).结论 采用无血清培养基中加入特定生长因子的培养技术,可培养出在体外稳定增殖并有多向分化潜能的新生大鼠海马神经干细胞.     

红参松花粉片对阿尔茨海默症大鼠空间学习记忆能力及海马神经细胞凋亡的影响

通过Aβ25-35 联合D-半乳糖诱导,建立实验性大鼠阿尔茨海默症 (Alzheimer’s disease,AD)模型,采用Morris水迷宫实验,评估红参松花粉片对AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力和海马神经细胞凋亡的影响．同时,运用Western blot、RT-qPCR及TUNEL法,检测AD模型大鼠海马神经细胞中BCL2、BAX、p-AKT及p-GSK3β的含量．研究表明:与模型组相比,红参松花粉片高剂量组能显著缩短模型大鼠逃脱潜伏期和游泳距离 (P<0.05),显著增加搜索时间百分比 (P<0.05);红参松花粉片高、低剂量给药组上调了AD模型大鼠海马神经细胞中Bcl-2、p-AKT及p-GSK3β的表达,下调了BAX的表达,显示AD模型大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡过程明显减缓,说明红参松花粉片能改善AD模型大鼠学习记忆的能力,对海马神经凋亡起到了一定的抑制作用．      

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌冷冻保藏保护剂的正交法优化

以甘油、海藻糖、蔗糖和二甲亚砜为考察因素,采用正交实验方法,对嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌冷冻保藏保护剂的优化配比进行研究.直接分析、因素指标分析和方差分析结果表明：在由甘油、海藻糖、蔗糖、二甲亚砜4种保护剂组成的混合保护剂中,对冷冻存活率影响由大至小的顺序为：甘油,海藻糖,蔗糖,二甲亚砜.最佳保护剂组合为100g/L甘油＋100g/L海藻糖＋180 g/L蔗糖＋50 g/L二甲亚砜,该组合能使冷冻存活率达到89%.     

Achyranthes bidentata Blume extract promotes neuronal growth in cultured embryonic rat hippocampal neurons

We have prepared an aqueous extract of Achyranthes bidentata Blume, a commonly prescribed Chinese medicinal herb, and reported, in previous studies, that A. bidentata extract benefits nerve growth and prevents neuron apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the actions of A. bidentata extract on survival and growth of primarily cultured rat hippocampal neurons. The morphological observation revealed that neurite growth from hippocampal neurons was significantly enhanced by A. bidentata extract with similar effects to those induced by nerve growth factor (NGF), and the greatest neurite growth appeared on treatment with A. bidentata extract at 1 μg/ml for 24 h. DNA microarray analysis indicated that there were 25 upregulated genes and 47 downregulated genes exhibiting significantly differential expression in hippocampal neurons treated with A. bidentata extract at 1 μg/ml for 6 h when compared to those in untreated hippocampal neurons. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression of growth-associated protein-43 in hippocampal neurons was upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels after treatment with A. bidentata extract, and the optimal dosage of the extract was also 1 μg/ml. These data confirm that A. bidentata extract could promote in vitro hippocampal neuronal growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner.     

新生大鼠心肌细胞原代培养方法的改进

探讨更为简单的SD大鼠心肌细胞原代培养的方法,使分离的心肌细胞达到理想的存活率和纯度,为临床应用建立心肌细胞模型.取出生24 h内SD大鼠的左心室,剪碎、消化、分离和纯化,进行培养,0.1 g/L胰酶消化,可以分离到形态完整、贴壁生长的心肌细胞.进一步通过离心、差速贴壁和化学试剂抑制非心肌细胞生长,纯化得到95%以上的心肌细胞.成功建立了心肌细胞体外培养模型,获得了高纯度的心肌细胞.     

Long-Term Exposure to High Corticosterone Levels Inducing a Decrease of Adenylate Kinase 1 Activity

Corticosterone, a principal glucocorticoid synthesized in the rodent adrenal cortex, can be cumulatively toxic to hippocampal neurons, the cause of which is not known. The present study determined whether the cytosol adenylate kinase (AK) system was involved in the neuronal damage induced by long-term exposure to high corticosterone levels. We investigated the effects of long-term exposure to high corticosterone levels on AK1 activity, AK1 mRNA expression, and energy levels in cultured hippocampal neurons. The results show that long-term exposure to high corticosterone levels induces a reduction of the cultured hippocampal neuron viability, significantly reduces energy levels, and causes a time-dependant reduction of the AK1 activity. These findings indicate that changes in the AK system might be the mechanism underlying neuronal damage induced by long-term exposure to high corticosterone levels.     

The new sideway of CNTF signal transduction pathway

The action of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on intercellular free Ca²⁺ concentrations [Ca²⁺]_i induced by glutamate (Glu) in primary cultured hippocampal neurons were detected with Fura2/AM, a Ca²⁺-sensitive fluorophore, and the morphological influence of G-protein on it was objected. Glu could induce rapid increase of [Ca²⁺]_i in hippocampal neurons. CNTF had no significant action on [Ca²⁺]_i in resting hippocampal neurons. However, after incubation of CNTF for 5 min, the increase of [Ca²⁺]_i in hippocampal neurons rapidly induced by Glu was inhibited. Pretussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G protein could block the action. These results indicate that a new non-genomic rapid sideway might exist in the upper stream of CNTF signal transduction pathway, which was related to Ca²⁺ signal transduction. Keywords:     

Effect of New O-Superfamily Conotoxin on Voltage-Activated Currents of Hippocampal Neurons

The effects of a new O-superfamily conotoxin, SO3, on sodium current (INa), transient A-type potassium currents (IA), and delayed rectified potassium currents (IK), were examined in cultured rat hippocampal neurons using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Addition of SO3 caused a concentration-dependent, rapidly developing, and reversible inhibition of voltage-activated currents. The IC50 values for the blockage of INa, IA, and IK were calculated as 0.49, 33.9, and 7.6 μmol/L, respectively. The determined Hill coefficients were 1.7, 0.6, and 1.2, respectively. These results indicate that SO3 can selectively inhibit neuronal sodium and potassium currents.     

新型tacrine双联体对培养大鼠海马神经元NMDA受体作用位点的研究

目的：研究新型tacrine双联体bis（7）-tacrine对NMDA受体的作用位点.方法：大鼠海马神经元原代培养,全细胞膜片钳记录培养大鼠海马神经元上NMDA激活电流变化.结果：细胞外液pH值从8.1改变到6.7,在细胞外液中加入二硫苏糖醇（2 mmol/L）、精胺（10 mol/L）、镁离子（50～500 mol...     

Effect of ytterbium on sodium current and its kinetics in rat hippocampal neurons

This study addressed the effects of Yb3＋ on voltage-gated sodium currents in rat hippocampal neurons using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Voltage-clamp recordings in single neurons were filtered and stored in a computer. Yb3＋ increased the amplitude of sodium currents in a concentration-dependent and voltage-dependent man- ner. The 50 % enhancement concentration of Yb3＋ on sodium currents was about 8.97 μmol/L, which was dif- ferent from the inhibitory effects of Yb3＋ on potassium current. The analysis on the activation and inactivation kinetics of Na＋ current showed that 100 μmol/L Yb3＋ did not change the process of activation and inactivation. In addition, the times reaching the peak of current （t） and inactivated time constant （τ） were voltage dependent. 100 μmol/L Yb3＋ significantly prolonged the time to peak at -70 and -80 mV. The effect disappeared at the positive direction of -70 mV. Furthermore, Yb3＋ decreased r val- ues to more positive values than -80 mV. In total, Yb3＋ did not change the process of activation, but impelled inacti- vated process. Yb3＋ mainly increased the Na＋ current through changing its conductance. It might be one of the mechanisms that Yb3＋ affected the hippocampal neurons.     

中华芦荟成熟叶组织培养的研究

以中华芦荟成熟叶为外植体,接种于9组不同2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)和6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)浓度配比的脱分化培养基中,诱导外植体的脱分化形成愈伤组织。研究表明,中华芦荟叶愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS+0.5mg/L(2,4-D)+3mg/L(6-BA)+30g/L蔗糖+10g/L琼脂+1.0g/L活性炭;诱导不定芽的适宜培养基为MS+1mg/L(2,4-D)+3mg/L(6-BA)+30g/L蔗糖+10g/L琼脂+0.7g/L活性炭;及诱导生根的适宜培养基为1/2MS+0.2mg/Lα-萘乙酸(NAA)+20g/L蔗糖+10g/L琼脂+0.5g/L活性炭,生根率达100%.     

生产L-精氨酸的脯氨酸营养缺陷型菌株的选育

以谷氨酸棒杆菌（Corynebacterium glutamicum）BC001为出发菌株,经紫外单因子诱变、紫外与硫酸二乙酯复合诱变处理,获得一株脯氨酸营养缺陷型菌株BC3071584（D- Arg^r; Pro^-）,菌株的结构类似物抗性为6 g/L,在含葡萄糖质量浓度为40 g/L的培养基中摇瓶发酵96 h,L-精氨酸产量为5.76 g/L,相比出发菌株提高了10倍。