电动汽车动力电池使用耐久性优化分析

根据电动汽车动力电池的结构特点、充放电特性和使用因素,参考新标欧洲测试循环(NEDC)和中国轻型汽车行驶工况循环(CLTC)分析三元锂动力电池汽车和磷酸铁锂动力电池汽车在各种行驶环境下的使用工况,通过试验对比找出电动汽车在市区工况、郊区工况和高速工况下缩短动力电池寿命的影响因素,根据测试数据分析优化电动汽车动力电池使用方案,提出一套合理使用电动汽车动力电池的能量管理方法,避免电动汽车动力电池故障和热失控产生,有效延长电动汽车动力电池使用寿命,提高动力电池耐久性和安全性。     

中国将建新能源汽车标准体系

随着电动汽车产业的发展壮大,如何规范产品制式、完善质量规范被提上议事日程,工信部正抓紧完善新能源汽车标准体系建设。正在组织研究制定的标准包括动力电池结构形式及尺寸、电动汽车充电接口、充电站通用要求等技术标准以及动力电池循环寿命等,新能源汽车标准体系将在＂十二五＂期间建成。     

废弃动力锂电池回收再利用技术及经济效益分析

传统能源与环境矛盾的日益突出,电动汽车已经越来越普及,电动汽车电池报废或更新换代使动力电池的回收以及梯次利用成为关键问题。近年来,在行业规范和政府补贴政策的支持下,我国废旧动力锂电池的拆解回收和梯级利用都得到了快速的发展。以动力锂电池为例,综述了废旧电动汽车用动力电池的梯级利用及拆解回收技术,并对相关经济效益进行了分析。随着废旧电池回收规模的日益增长,磷酸铁锂动力电池的梯级利用以及三元电池的湿法回收均具有较高的收益价值。     

锂离子动力电池外部短路测试平台开发与试验分析

动力电池安全性是制约电动汽车发展的关键因素,近年来由动力电池引发的安全事故引起了极高的公众关注度.动力电池外部短路是电动汽车安全事故主因之一,也是触发电池热失控的重要诱因之一.针对某商用锂离子动力电池,开发了动力电池外部短路测试平台,系统性地开展了不同初始荷电状态(State of charge,SOC)、环境温度、短...     

Extended-range electric vehicles and their lithium-ion batteries

增程式电动汽车(E-REV,extended-range electric vehicle),是指在纯电动汽车基础上,增加一个内燃发电机增程器(RE),给电池充电或直接驱动电机以增加续航里程,从而克服纯电动汽车续驶里程短的瓶颈的新型电动汽车.是介于传统混合动力汽车与纯电动汽车之间的车辆类型,在排放,噪音,系统复杂性等方面优于传统混合动力汽车,但又比纯电动汽车在续驶里程和成本方面更具优势,因此,E-REV更具大规模商业化应用推广价值.E-REV所携带的动力电池本身的续驶里程并不大,但它要求具备更高的效率,同时具备高能量密度与高功率密度,这势必给锂离子电池的发展带来新的挑战与机遇.本文简要介绍E-REV及其发展以及对我国新能源汽车发展的重要意义,在此基础上,重点对适合于E-REV的动力电池进行分析.     

电动汽车作为电力系统储能应用潜力研究

基于V2G技术的电动汽车储能为可再生能源、分布式发电、微电网以及智能电网提供了巨大发展空间。目前储能技术较高的成本阻碍了其在电力系统中的大规模应用。电动汽车动力电池在为传统交通工具提供动力的同时,还可作为电力系统的储能装置,为电力系统提供备用电源。通过智能充放电控制和动力电池的梯次使用,电动汽车可作为电力系统灵活调峰和调频电源,加强电网运行稳定性与安全性,提高可再生能源接入规模,加快智能电网的构建和交通能源消费的电力化。本文在对电动汽车储能的相关技术及基础设施进行综述的基础上,对我国未来电动汽车储能规模进行了分析并对相关政策进行了探讨。     

废旧锂离子动力电池的性能和梯次利用的可能性研究

近年来随着电动汽车产业的发展,大量锂离子动力电池达到使用寿命,进入报废退役阶段,报废动力电池的处置成为人们关注的热点。综述了废旧锂离子动力电池的性能和梯次利用方面的技术进展,指出做好筛选分类与重新组合的工作,以确保二次利用电池组内部电池单元性能的同质性将是梯次利用的关键。     

电动能汽车与锂离子电池的发展

<正>据悉,我国将在4或5年内投入近10亿元用于电动汽车技术。科技部专家表示在“863”计划的十大重点项目中,电动汽车排名仅次于集成电路。科技部有关人士云,中国市场上开发电动汽车比欧美市场有优势。 国内目前规模最大、技术先进并拥有自主知识产权的新型锂动力电池项目,近日在北京中关村高科技园区昌平园正式启动,据信此举将大大缩短我国锂电池工业水平与世界先进国家的距离,也将为我国电动汽车     

动力电池及充电基础设施技术发展对电动汽车能量补给方式的影响研究

电动汽车能量补给有两种典型模式—电池充电和电池更换,选择何种模式与动力电池的尺寸重量、能量密度、制造成本、电池管理系统及充电设施均有着密切的联系。对目前在国内外电动汽车上应用最广泛的磷酸铁锂和三元材料锂离子电池的发展水平进行了描述,同时分析了电动汽车充电和换电两种模式对电动汽车动力电池及充电基础设施等因素的要求,提出了电动汽车能量补给在何种条件下适合采用充电或换电模式的结论。     

Application and development trends of energy storage technology in the field of traffic

纵观当前全球电力系统发展规划,智能电网,可再生能源和分布式发电,微电网以及电动汽车都列入了各国电力系统发展的重点方向,而储能技术正是实现上述领域发展必不可少的技术支撑.目前,储能技术较高的成本阻碍了其在电力系统中的应用.若将电动汽车动力电池作为电力系统的储能元件,便可使其作为传统交通工具的同时,充当电力系统的一种潜在的备用电源.通过电动汽车V2G模式和动力电池的梯次使用,将帮助电网调峰调频,促进电动汽车动力电池的产业化和多种应用,降低电动汽车的生产和使用成本,最终实现交通能源消费的电力化.本文在对电动汽车储能相关技术,基础设施建设及与之匹配的商业模式进行梳理和分析的基础上,展望电动汽车储能的发展潜力并提出相应的政策建议.     

Economic evaluation of fast charging electric vehicle station with second-use batteries energy storage system

由于电动汽车快速充电站大功率快速充电的特性会对电网的稳定造成冲击,因此考虑在电动车快速充电站中配置电池储能系统（BESS）,对充电站负荷进行削峰填谷,从而减少充电站变压器配置容量、缓解大功率快速充电对电网的不利影响。考虑到目前我国大量退役动力电池亟待回收利用的现状,结合梯次利用电池储能系统,建立了基于电动汽车快速充电站整体成本与收益的经济性评估模型,以快速充电站年净收益最大为目标函数,采用改进的遗传算法对模型优化求解。结合算例对快速充电站不配置储能、配置常规电池储能和配置梯次电池储能等不同情况进行了经济性评估,并综合考虑经济性与储能削减负荷的效果,确定了梯次电池储能系统最优容量配置方案。     

Review on use of phase change materials in battery thermal management for electric and hybrid electric vehicles

The battery electric vehicle is evolving and has the potential to replace conventional internal combustion‐based vehicles in the future. Batteries are the major power source of these vehicles. A thermal management system is required for a battery to attain effective operation and long life in all environmental conditions. Although several types of thermal management system are available, there remains a need to address various issues like high power consumption, narrow optimum temperature range and operation in varying climates. Phase change materials can assist in resolving these issues. In this paper, battery thermal management systems for electric and hybrid electric vehicles are reviewed, and challenges and opportunities for battery electric vehicles are discussed. Cooling strategies used in various thermal management systems are explained. Applications of and issues regarding the use of phase change materials in thermal management systems are also reviewed. Potential bottlenecks that need to be addressed in electric vehicle technology are explained, as are important achievement milestones and trends regarding the growth of the electric vehicle industry. It is shown that using graphite can increase thermal conductivity of PCMs by up to 70 W m^{‐ 1}K^{‐ 1}. Some commercially available passive thermal management systems for batteries use wax and graphite, which can increase the driving range of an electric scooter from 30 km to 55 km. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Battery algorithm verification and development using hardware-in-the-loop testing

Battery algorithms play a vital role in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), extended-range electric vehicles (EREVs), and electric vehicles (EVs). The energy management of hybrid and electric propulsion systems needs to rely on accurate information on the state of the battery in order to determine the optimal electric drive without abusing the battery.In this study, a cell-level hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system is used to verify and develop state of charge (SOC) and power capability predictions of embedded battery algorithms for various vehicle applications. Two different batteries were selected as representative examples to illustrate the battery algorithm verification and development procedure. One is a lithium-ion battery with a conventional metal oxide cathode, which is a power battery for HEV applications. The other is a lithium-ion battery with an iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) cathode, which is an energy battery for applications in PHEVs, EREVs, and EVs.The battery cell HIL testing provided valuable data and critical guidance to evaluate the accuracy of the developed battery algorithms, to accelerate battery algorithm future development and improvement, and to reduce hybrid/electric vehicle system development time and costs.     

Modeling,control and power management of hybrid photovoltaic fuel cells with battery bank supplying electric vehicle

In this paper, modeling, control and power management (PM) of hybrid Photovoltaic Fuel cell/Battery bank system supplying electric vehicle is presented. The HPS is used to produce energy without interruption. It consists of a photovoltaic generator (PV), a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and a battery bank supplying an electric vehicle of 3 kW. In our work, PV and PEMFC systems work in parallel via DC/DC converter and the battery bank is used to store the excess of energy. The mathematical model topology and it power management of HPS with battery bank system supplying electric vehicle (EV) are the significant contribution of this paper. Obtained results under Matlab/Simulink and some experimental ones are presented and discussed.     

Investigation of battery end-of-life conditions for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) capable of drawing tractive energy from the electric grid represent an energy efficient alternative to conventional vehicles. After several thousand charge depleting cycles, PHEV traction batteries can be subject to energy and power degradation which has the potential to affect vehicle performance and efficiency. This study seeks to understand the effect of battery degradation and the need for battery replacement in PHEVs through the experimental measurement of lithium ion battery lifetime under PHEV-type driving and charging conditions. The dynamic characteristics of the battery performance over its lifetime are then input into a vehicle performance and fuel consumption simulation to understand these effects as a function of battery degradation state, and as a function of vehicle control strategy. The results of this study show that active management of PHEV battery degradation by the vehicle control system can improve PHEV performance and fuel consumption relative to a more passive baseline. Simulation of the performance of the PHEV throughout its battery lifetime shows that battery replacement will be neither economically incentivized nor necessary to maintain performance in PHEVs. These results have important implications for techno-economic evaluations of PHEVs which have treated battery replacement and its costs with inconsistency.     

新能源汽车的经济性分析——以比亚迪PHEV和BEV为例

以国产新能源汽车-比亚迪为分析对象,分析和比较了传统燃油汽车和插电式混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车的使用及购买总成本。通过建立插电式混合动力汽车成本计算模型,并考虑汽油价格与电价的变化因素,分析插电式混合动力汽车和纯电动汽车经济性的优势与不足。分析结果表明,插电式混合动力汽车具有较鲜明的经济性,适合更广泛的推广应用;纯电动汽车随着电池性能的提高以及车载电池容量的减少,其经济性也将越来越明显。这对我国新能源汽车的研究开发和推广应用具有现实意义。     

Performance analysis of series/parallel and dual side LCC compensation topologies of inductive power transfer for EV battery charging system

In an inductive battery charging system, for better power transfer capability and attaining required power level, compensation is necessary. This paper analyzes series/parallel (S/P) and dual side inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) compensation topologies for inductive power transfer of electric vehicle (EV) battery charging system. The design and modeling steps of inductive power transfer for electric vehicle battery charging system are presented. Besides, the equivalent electrical circuits are used to describe the circuit compensation topologies. The results convey that the efficiency of dual side LCC compensation is higher than that of S/P compensation at variable mutual inductance (misalignment).     

电动汽车的辅助动力及其显示系统

由于能源紧缺和环境污染严重，电动汽车是未来汽车的发展方向。我们研究的辅助动力电动汽车是通过辅助动力给电池充电，从而延长续驶里程。由于现在技术要求的限制和公共充电设施的缺乏，使辅助动力电动汽车的研究具有实际意义。     

低温环境下电池热管理研究进展

动力电池作为电动汽车（Electric vehicle, EV）的重要组件,在低温环境下存在能量密度和功率密度下降等问题。为提高低温条件下动力电池的性能,需要合适的电池热管理系统。本文介绍了动力电池在低温环境下的放电特性,整理归纳了现有的各种电池加热方式,并综述了低温环境下电池热管理研究进展,对电池低温下热管理的进一步研究具有指导意义。     

Dynamic behaviour of Li batteries in hydrogen fuel cell power trains

A Li ion polymer battery pack for road vehicles (48 V, 20 Ah) was tested by charging/discharging tests at different current values, in order to evaluate its performance in comparison with a conventional Pb acid battery pack. The comparative analysis was also performed integrating the two storage systems in a hydrogen fuel cell power train for moped applications. The propulsion system comprised a fuel cell generator based on a 2.5 kW polymeric electrolyte membrane (PEM) stack, fuelled with compressed hydrogen, an electric drive of 1.8 kW as nominal power, of the same typology of that installed on commercial electric scooters (brushless electric machine and controlled bidirectional inverter). The power train was characterized making use of a test bench able to simulate the vehicle behaviour and road characteristics on driving cycles with different acceleration/deceleration rates and lengths. The power flows between fuel cell system, electric energy storage system and electric drive during the different cycles were analyzed, evidencing the effect of high battery currents on the vehicle driving range. The use of Li batteries in the fuel cell power train, adopting a range extender configuration, determined a hydrogen consumption lower than the correspondent Pb battery/fuel cell hybrid vehicle, with a major flexibility in the power management.