人工关节置换与加压螺钉内固定治疗高龄骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折的疗效观察

目的:探讨人工关节置换与加压螺钉内固定治疗高龄骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法:选取2010年8月至2013年3月我院收治的120例高龄骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折患者,将所有患者随机分为人工置换组和内固定组两组,每组各60例,内固定组采用加压螺钉内固定术治疗,人工置换组采取人工关节置换术治疗,评定两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、下地时间、术后并发症发生率及末次随访时Harris评分优良率。结果:人工置换组手术时间及术中出血量分别为(124.8±16.7)min、(369.2±99.7)ml,明显高于内固定组的(73.5±15.1)min、(78.4±25.6)ml;但人工置换组术后下地时间为(15.3±4.8)d,明显低于内固定组的(40.2±7.5)d;人工置换组与内固定组患者术后并发症的发生率分别为20%、66.7%,人工置换组明显低于内固定组,其中,泌尿系褥疮的组间差异最为显著;末次随访时Harris评分优良率,相比于内固定组的61.67%,人工置换组为78.33%,明显偏高。差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:加压螺钉内固定术和人工关节置换术在治疗高龄骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折方面各有优劣,对于能够耐受人工关节置手术且经济条件好的的老年患者而言,采用人工关节置换术治疗,疗效更佳。     

关节置换法与内固定法治疗老年骨质疏松合并股骨粗隆间骨折的临床对比分析

目的:探讨关节置换法和内固定法对老年骨质疏松合并股骨粗隆间骨折患者的治疗效果。方法:选择2011年12月到2014年12月在我院收治的96例老年骨质疏松合并股骨粗隆间骨折患者,随机分为对照组和实验组,分别采用内固定法和关节置换法进行治疗,对比两组临床疗效、并发症发生率和骨密度值。结果:实验组患者下地时间和并发症发生率均明显小于对照组(P0.05)。实验组的优良率(95.83%)明显高于对照组(70.83%),具有显著性差异(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者骨密度值均明显高于治疗前(P0.05),实验组骨密度值明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:关节置换法治疗老年骨质疏松合并股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果优于内固定法,能明显降低并发症发生率,增强骨密度,改善患者预后。     

不损伤关节囊三刃钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的体会（附60例报告）

股骨颈骨折在临床治疗上仍较困难,使用了多种方法,但大多疗效欠佳。本文总结了我院自1986年1月到1996年12月共采用不损伤关节囊三刃钉内固定治疗60例,优良率达90％。分析原因主要在于保护好股骨头的血供。该方法操作简单,适合于基层医院。     

手术时机的选择对股骨颈骨折患者术后髋关节功能的影响

目的：探讨手术时机的选择对股骨颈骨折患者行关节置换术后髋关节功能的影响,为临床骨科手术提供参考。方法：回顾性 分析117 例在我院接受关节置换术的股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料。根据手术时机不同,将患者分为急诊组和择期组,比较两组手 术效果,评价患者术后髋关节功能。结果：急诊组患者的手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间均优于择期手术的患者,差异有统计学 意义（P<0.01）;两组患者术后并发症的发生率无显著差异（P>0.05）;术后1 个月,急诊组患者的Harris 评分高于择期组,差异有统 计学意义（P<0.01）;术后3 个月,两组Harris评分无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：股骨颈骨折患者行急诊手术不但缩短手术时间、 降低术中出血量,而且术后对患者的髋关节功能影响较小,有利于恢复。     

关节置换术对老年股骨颈骨折的临床应用

目的：观察髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨骨折的效果。方法：对60岁以上老年股骨颈骨折23例施行人工股骨头或全髋关节置换术。结果：经平均2．5年随访,总满意率95．7％。结论：人工股骨头或全髋关节置换术是治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的有效方法,可促使老年人早期活动,提高生活质量。     

骨折切开复位内固定手术与经皮钢板内固定手术治疗pilon III型骨折的临床研究

目的：分析比较切开复位内固定术与经皮钢板内固定术治疗pilon III型骨折的临床疗效,为治疗pilonIII型骨折选择更好的方法提供依据。方法：选取pilonIII型骨折患者7l例,随机分为对照组35例和观察组36例,比较两组的临床优良率、手术时间、血肿吸收和恢复时间以及后遗症症的发生情况。结果：对照组和观察组的优良率分别为74．29％、94．44％,差异有统计学意义,P〈O．05。观察组的手术时间、血肿吸收和恢复时间均较对照组有缩短,其中以手术时间和恢复时间差异显著,且不良反应相对较少,P〈0．05。结论：切开复位内固定术治疗pilonIII型骨折疗效优于经皮钢板内固定术,能缩短手术及恢复所需时间,对改善患者的预后有重大意义。     

不同内固定方式对后踝骨折固定的生物力学效果及临床疗效分析

目的：比较不同内固定方式对后踝关节骨折固定的生物力学效果及临床疗效。方法：选择2009年1月-2010年12月来我院就诊经X线检查确诊的后踝骨折患者28例为研究对象,根据所使用内固定方法不同,分为拉力螺钉组和微型钢板组,随访比较两组的手术时间、出血量、固定成功率、住院时间、后遗症及生物力学效果。结果：所有患者均随访至拆除内固定,拉力螺钉组和微型钢板组随访时间（t=-2．102）进行比较,P〉0．05两组差异无统计学意义。两组手术时间（t=4．293）、手术出血量（t=6．827）、固定成功率（2=,5．568）和住院时间（t=3．903）比较,P均〈0．05,差异有统计学意义。当骨折块波及胫骨远端关节面s25％和其〉25％时,两组内固定失效临界压力比较,P〈均0．05,两组内固定压力差异无统计学意义。结论：由于后踝关节的特殊结构和复杂的力学特点,拉力螺钉内固定在治疗效果优于微型钢板内固定法,但当骨折块波及胫骨远端关节面〉25％生物力学效果微型钢板内固定法更佳,因此根据患者个体骨折差异选择合适的内固定方法。     

骨折切开复位内固定手术与经皮钢板内固定手术治疗pilon Ⅲ型骨折的临床研究

目的:分析比较切开复位内固定术与经皮钢板内固定术治疗pilonⅢ型骨折的临床疗效,为治疗pilonⅢ型骨折选择更好的方法提供依据。方法:选取pilonⅢ型骨折患者71例,随机分为对照组35例和观察组36例,比较两组的临床优良率、手术时间、血肿吸收和恢复时间以及后遗症症的发生情况。结果:对照组和观察组的优良率分别为74.29%、94.44%,差异有统计学意义,P0.05。观察组的手术时间、血肿吸收和恢复时间均较对照组有缩短,其中以手术时间和恢复时间差异显著,且不良反应相对较少,P0.05。结论:切开复位内固定术治疗pilonⅢ型骨折疗效优于经皮钢板内固定术,能缩短手术及恢复所需时间,对改善患者的预后有重大意义。     

切开与闭合复位空心钉内固定对移位股骨颈骨折患者骨折复位质量和髋关节功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨切开与闭合复位空心钉内固定对移位股骨颈骨折患者骨折复位质量和髋关节功能的影响。方法：本研究为回顾性研究,选取98例移位股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组（n=50,切开复位）和B组（n=48,闭合复位）,比较两组患者优良率、骨折复位质量、髋关节功能、围术期指标、术后并发症发生率和二次手术发生率。结果：A组患者术后6个月的优良率为78.00%（39/50）,高于B组的58.33%（28/48）（P<0.05）。两组术后负重下地时间、术中透视时间比较无差异（P>0.05）;B组手术时间、住院时间短于A组,术中出血量少于A组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月髋关节功能Harris评分均较术前升高,且A组高于B组（P<0.05）。两组二次手术及并发症发生率比较无差异（P>0.05）。A组Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型的例数均多于B组,Ⅲ型例数少于B组（P<0.05）。结论：与闭合复位空心钉内固定相比,切开复位空心钉内固定虽损伤较大,但其术后骨折复位质量和髋关节功能改善效果更佳,且不增加并发症发生率和二次手术发生率。     

锁定钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的疗效观察

目的:探讨锁定钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择2011年2月~2013年2月期间我院收治的复杂胫骨平台骨折92例,按照数字随机法分为观察组(50例)和对照组(42例)。观察组采用锁定钢板内固定治疗;对照组采用传统钢板固定治疗,所有患者术后随访1年以上,观察两组患者临床疗效。结果:①两组患者均顺利完成手术,观察组住院时间、骨折愈合时间和完全负重时间显著低于对照组(P0.05)。②治疗后两组患者胫骨平台后倾角(Posterior tibial angle,PA)、膝关节活动度逐渐升高,内翻角(Tibial plateau angle,TPA)逐渐降低(P0.05),治疗6、12个月观察组PA、膝关节活动度显著高于对照组,TPA显著低于对照组(P0.05)。③所有患者术后随访1年,均获得满意随访。观察组膝总有效率为86.0%;对照组总有效率为66.7%,观察组膝关节总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:锁定钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折具有固定牢靠,骨折愈合时间短,愈合率高等特点,其临床效果较好。     

Predicting fracture of the femoral neck

A prediction of the probability of safe loading of the femoral neck, based on queueing theory, is presented. The following methods have been applied: (I) criterion of bone fracture was formulated, taking into consideration the complex state of stress-strain in the porosity zones of the bone; (II) tensile stresses around pores in the stretched zone of the bone were evaluated; (III) the influence of random events of the critical regimes of loading was modeled. The evaluation of the probability of safe loading of bones was obtained based on the levels of the tensile stresses, Young's moduli and ultimate tensile stresses which are affected by the increase in bone porosity and the distribution of the pores. Examples of analysis involving typical mechanical properties of bone in areas of vascular and lacunar-canalicular porosity are demonstrated. The ranges of initial average values of effective Young's moduli and ultimate tensile strengths were taken as 15.8-17.5GPa and 83-95MPa, respectively. The present analysis discovers the existence of three levels of safe loading: (1) a relatively safe level of the nominal tensile stresses (smaller than (2.8-3.2)MPa) where the probability of safe loading is of the order of 0.95 for the bone porosity which is less than 0.15; (2) an intermediate level of safety where the nominal tensile stresses are below (4.2-4.8)MPa and the probability of safe loading is 0.89 or higher, for the same level of bone porosity; (3) a critical level of safe loading where the nominal tensile stresses are about (8.3-9.5)MPa; they lead to sharp drop of probabilities of safe loading to 0.85-0.8 if the porosity is about 0.10 and to probabilities of 0.41-0.4 if the porosity is about 0.15.     

Relevance of osteoporosis in women with fracture of the femoral neck.

A prospective study of fractures of the femoral neck was conducted over 12 months in order to ascertain the relevance of generalised osteoporosis as determined by metacarpal morphometry. A series of some 200 women sustaining a fracture of the femoral neck after minor trauma had bone mass measurements similar to those of a control population of normal women, and 16% were not osteoporotic. A history of previous fractures was documented in one third of the women, but this was unrelated to the presence or severity of osteoporosis, although over half of the fractures had occurred within the previous four years. Trochanteric fractures were seen more commonly in severely osteoporotic women (p less than 0.005), whereas cervical fractures predominated in those who were not osteoporotic. These findings support the hypothesis that postural instability is the major determinant for femoral neck fracture and that generalised osteoporosis, rather than being a prerequisite for fracture, merely determines the type of fracture sustained.     

Anatomical factors relative to the racial selectivity of femoral neck fracture

A comparative racial study of 200 femora from 50 American White and 50 American Negro female skeletons was carried out to determine whether any anatomical differences in femoral from exist between these groups which might account for the racial selectivity of hip fracture, Significant racial differences were found in neck-shaft angle, angle of inclination and oblique length. Negro females have longer femora, larger neck-shaft angles and a smaller angle of inclination than have White females. These differences in femoral morphology may, in some measure, contribute to the greater incidence of hip fracture in female Whites.     

Biomechanical and clinical alterations of the hip joint following femoral neck fracture and implantation of bipolar hip endoprosthesis

The implantation of a bipolar partial hip endoprosthesis is a treatment of choice for displaced medial femoral neck fracture. We present an experimental study which asses and compare biomechanical and clinical status through period before and after hip fracture and implantation of bipolar partial hip endoprosthesis. This study encompassed 75 patients who suffered from an acute medial femoral neck fracture and were treated with the implantation of a bipolar partial hip endoprosthesis. Their biomechanical status (stress distribution on the hip joint weight bearing area) and clinical status (Harris Hip Score) were estimated for the time prior to the injury and assessed at the follow-up examination that was, on average, carried out 40 months after the operation. Despite ageing, the observed Harris Hip Score at the follow-up examination was higher than that estimated prior to the injury (77.9 > 69.6; p = 0.006). Similarly, the hip stress distribution was reduced (2.7 MPa < 2.3 MPa; p = 0.001). While this reduction can be attributed to a loss of weight due to late ageing, the principal improvement came from the operative treatment and corresponding restoration of the biomechanical properties of the hip joint. The implantation of a bipolar partial hip endoprosthesis for patients with displaced medial femoral neck fractures improves the biomechanical and clinical features of the hip, what should have on mind during making decision about treatment.     

The effect of desflurane on ameliorating cerebral infarction in rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

To obtain more information on the cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury under desflurane anesthesia, we compared the infarct volume and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia during different concentration of desflurane anesthesia. Male Long-Evans rats weighing 270-350 g were anesthetized with desflurane in air at 1.0, 1.25 or 1.5 MAC whereas rats in the control group received intraperitoneal chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg) anesthesia. Cerebral infarction was induced by microsurgical procedures with ligation of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) and clipping of the bilateral common carotid arteries (CCA) for 60 minutes. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours later, serial brain slices of 2mm thickness were taken and stained for the measurement of the infarct area. Cellular damage was evaluated by measuring the LDH level in the plasma. Desflurane (1.0, 1.25 or 1.5 MAC by inhalation) and chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg; ip.) did not produce any changes in pH, blood gases, heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure. In the rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia, the volume of infarction was significantly less in the desflurane groups in all three different concentrations than in the chloral hydrate group. The changes of LDH activity in plasma also correlated with the result of the infarct volume. Our study suggests that desflurane may offer a neuroprotective effect such as decreased infarct volume after focal cerebral ischemia.     

Dual effect of HBO on cerebral infarction in MCAO rats

Various reports in the literature have shown that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) reduces cerebral infarction both in animals and humans. After the initial ischemic insult, however, initiating HBO treatment at different intervals has yielded conflicting results. The present study was undertaken to determine the optimal therapeutic window in which to start HBO treatment for cerebral infarction after transient focal ischemia. In this study, the operator occluded the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of anesthetized rats by introducing a blunted nylon filament into the proximal MCA from the dissected external carotid artery. When the operator removed the filament after 2 h, focal ischemia and reperfusion occurred. The operator then placed the rat in the HBO chamber and administered 3 atm absolute HBO for 1 h according to the protocol. The rat was killed 24 h after reperfusion, and the percentage of infarction (infarct ratio) was calculated by dividing the infarction area by the total area of the ipsilateral hemisphere. The results showed that the percentage of infarcted area decreased significantly (P < 0.05) both in the 3- (7.59%) and 6-h (5.35%) HBO-treatment groups compared with the control (no treatment) group (11.34%). However, the percentage of infarcted area increased significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) both in the 12- (23%) and 23-h (20%) treatment groups. The results of this study suggest that applying HBO within 6 h of ischemia-reperfusion injury could benefit the patient but that applying HBO 12 h or more after injury could harm the patient.