基于AMESim的串联型液压混合动力传动系统建模与仿真

针对频繁启停运行汽车设计了一种串联型液压混合动力传动系统,以此为基础设计了该混合动力系统能量管理策略,该控制策略通过设定发动机介入压力以保证储能器能量耗尽时发动机及时介入供能。运用AMESim系统仿真软件建立了系统仿真模型进行仿真分析,并对储能器充气压力、发动机介入压力等设计参数对节能效果的影响进行研究,仿真结果表明:所设计的混合动力系统能够有效回收与再利用车辆制动能,保证储能器能量消尽时发动机及时供能,降低汽车行驶过程中的能源消耗。     

电动汽车液压再生制动系统模糊控制策略的研究

针对纯电动汽车提出一种基于液压再生制动系统的模糊控制策略,综合考虑制动踏板深度、蓄能器压力、蓄电池SOC值等因素对再生制动力分配的影响,并对再生制动力进行合理的分配,在保证制动安全性的前提下,尽可能多地回收制动能量,提高能量利用效率。仿真结果表明:基于液压再生制动系统的模糊控制策略提高了整车能量存储系统的能量使用效率,降低了汽车因制动而带来的能量损失,提高了电动机工作效率。     

液压挖掘机能量回收系统的仿真分析

普通液压挖掘机在典型工况下,动臂、斗杆和铲斗下降存在着巨大的势能浪费,并且由此而引起液压元件发热、失效等问题.针对这些情况,设计一种由换向阀、液压马达、发电机和蓄电池组成的能量回收系统.采用AMESim建立了挖掘机工作装置和液压系统的仿真模型.仿真结果表明:在一个工作周期中,动臂可回收能量最高,且其对应回收系统中蓄电池的荷电状态值(SOC)增加最多.所以在进行混合动力挖掘机设计时,优先对动臂的能量进行回收,可以在控制装机成本的情况下,最大程度地实现节能.     

并联式液压混合动力车辆制动能量回收与再利用研究

以并联式液压混合动力节能车辆为研究对象,针对其制动能量回收与再利用,分析液压再生系统工作原理以及二次元件、蓄能器和转矩耦合器的参数,并制定动态分配转矩的能量管理策略。基于AMESim仿真软件,搭建液压再生系统模型并进行仿真分析。结果表明:利用能量管理策略的再生制动与驱动过程,在不损失制动效果前提下,能有效改善车辆动力性,加大制动能量回收与再利用程度,提高燃油经济性。     

基于能量流分析的液压挖掘机节能研究

为了能够从理论上对现有的液压挖掘机进行综合性能评价,从中找出有利于系统节能和降低排放的有效途径,以某200kN级液压挖掘机为样机,利用MATLAB建立了液压挖掘机的整机仿真模型.对液压挖掘机能量流进行了分析研究,并对发动机的输出功率和主控阀能量损耗分配进行了仿真计算.研究结果表明,混合动力驱动和液压马达能量回收是液压挖掘机的两项有效的节能方案.     

液压混合动力制动能量再生关键参数研究

通过建立液压混合动力车辆制动系统能量再生部分的数学模型,仿真分析得出汽车滚动阻力、空气阻力、变速机构的能量消耗比例,同时定量分析了蓄能器初始压力、变量泵/马达排量及其工作总效率等关键参数对制动能量再生效率的影响,提出一种排量控制曲线来进一步提高液压混合动力系统的能量再生效率,为液压混合动力系统的设计和控制提供一定的理论基础。     

基于对置活塞发动机的液压混合动力系统仿真研究

基于对置活塞二冲程(OP2S)发动机独特的结构特点,新型液压混合动力系统将OP2S发动机与液压泵集成在一起,取消了传统液压混合动力车辆的动力分流机构,驱动过程中根据不同的行驶工况同时或分时输出机械能或液压能来驱动车辆,在液压混合动力车辆上具有独特的应用优势。运用AMESim仿真软件搭建系统仿真模型进行了能量管理策略的仿真分析。研究结果表明:在一个NEDC循环工况内,新型混合动力车辆可以实现驾驶员对车速的控制要求,并在车辆减速制动时回收制动能用于车辆的再次启动加速,为同时兼顾车辆制动能回收与燃油经济性的优化目标,最优切换车速点为25 km/h。     

液压混合动力工程车辆联合制动系统优化与仿真

针对液压混合动力工程车辆制动系统能量回收率较低的问题,以某混合动力装载机为原型对其联合制动系统中的再生制动系统进行分析,对影响系统能量回收率的主要参数采用遗传算法进行优化,并对优化过的系统在整车仿真模型中进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明:系统优化后车辆的能量回收率得到了显著的提高,达到了节能减排的目的。     

油液混合动力挖掘机回转系统仿真分析

为了回收挖掘机回转平台制动过程中的制动能量,设计了油液混合动力挖掘机回转系统,利用蓄能器回收回转平台的制动能量。阐述油液混合动力回转系统和普通回转系统液压原理的不同,建立AMESim模型并进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:油液混合动力挖掘机回转系统在一定程度上降低了液压泵的功率损耗和液压马达的压力波动;在节能方面,蓄能器的能量回收效率达到70.0%,再利用效率达到72.8%,利用率较高,达到节能的目的。     

混合动力矿用车再生制动能量回收系统控制策略

在传统的矿用车液压制动系统理论基础上,在安全情况下,基于混合动力矿用车再生制动能量回收最大化,提出了一种后轮并联混合矿用车再生制动力分配与再生制动控制策略。主要考虑电机发电效率、电池的SOC值及制动力分配等综合因素对再生制动能量回收的影响,运用ADVISOR进行整车建模和典型矿山制动工况下仿真。结果表明:制动初速度为15 km/h,制动强度Z分别为0.1、0.3、0.5的最大再生制动能量回收效率分别为65.01%、55.99%、46.41%。采用后驱并联混合矿用车再生制动控制策略解决制动安全性能问题,并实现最大化再生制动回收效率。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.