EAE小鼠模型的构建及其免疫学机制的探讨

目的 用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白35-55(MOG35-55) 多肽免疫C57BL/6小鼠建立实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)模型并初步探讨EAE发病的免疫学机制.方法 用MOG35-55抗原免疫C57BL/6小鼠,观察实验动物的症状及中枢神经系统的病理改变;应用MTT法测定EAE 小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞活化增殖程度;应用ELISA技术测定EAE小鼠血清IFN-γ浓度和抗MOG 35-55抗体水平.结果 EAE组发病率为100%,HE染色观察到脑脊髓炎性细胞浸润,白质脱髓鞘等病理改变;EAE小鼠脾脏MOG35-55反应性T淋巴细胞增殖活化,血清IFN-γ浓度和抗MOG35-55抗体随病情的加重而升高.结论 用MOG35-55多肽成功诱导了C57BL/6小鼠EAE模型;并推断EAE的发生可能与MOG 35-55反应性T淋巴细胞的活化、抗MOG35-55抗体和IFN-γ升高有关.     

MOG诱导小鼠EAE模型的建立及相关免疫指标的变化

目的用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白35-55(MOG)多肽免疫C57BL/6小鼠建立实验性自身免疫35-55性脑脊髓炎(EAE)模型,探讨EAE模型发病期与相关免疫指标的关系。方法用MOG抗原免疫C57BL/6雌35-553性小鼠,观察其临床症状和中枢神经系统的病理改变;应用H方法测定EAE小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞活化增殖程度;++应用流式细胞术检测中枢及外周脾脏淋巴细胞中CD4 CD25调节性T细胞;荧光定量RT-PCR检测IL-17A、Foxp3、IFNγ的表达水平。结果成功建立EAE模型。与对照组相比,EAE组中可见小鼠中枢神经系统有淋巴细+++胞浸润,脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖随MOG多肽浓度增加而增强,CD4 CD25调节性T细胞占CD4 T细胞的比例明显降35-55低(P0.01),IL-17和IFNγm RNA表达量显著升高(P0.05),Foxp3 m RNA表达量显著降低(P0.05)。结论 MOG多肽成功诱导了C57BL/6小鼠EAE模型,Th17与Treg细胞共同参与调控EAE的病理过程。35-55     

雷公藤内酯醇治疗实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的免疫调节机制研究

目的:探讨雷公藤内酯醇治疗实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的免疫调节机制。方法:用MOG35-55肽段免疫C57/BL6小鼠,建立EAE动物模型。免疫后将小鼠随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组在开始发病后每天给予雷公藤内酯醇(100μg/kg)治疗,对照组于同一天开始每天给予相同体积生理盐水,每天观察小鼠临床症状。疾病高峰期处死小鼠,HE染色检测脊髓炎性细胞浸润;ELISA检测血清中细胞因子含量,3H掺入法检测淋巴细胞增殖;FACS检测中枢神经系统中Th1/Th17和Treg细胞数量。结果:雷公藤内酯醇治疗能够缓解EAE发病,减轻中枢神经系统炎性细胞浸润;抑制EAE小鼠MOG特异性T细胞增殖;减少血清中炎症细胞因子含量;减少病灶处CD4+T细胞IFNγ-和IL-17的分泌;上调CD4+T细胞Foxp3的表达。结论:雷公藤内酯醇通过减少致病细胞Th1和Th17的浸润,增加Treg细胞的数量来治疗EAE。     

趋化因子CCL2在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎中的作用

目的:探讨趋化因子CCL2在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)中的作用及其可能机制。方法:选取CCL2~(-/-)敲除小鼠和C57BL/6小鼠,利用髓鞘少突细胞糖蛋白(Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein,MOG33-35)建立EAE小鼠模型,观察小鼠发病情况,并根据Konot神经功能评分标准对其进行评分;待模型组小鼠发病评分普遍为4~5分时,收集CCL2~(-/-)、C57BL/6模型组和C57BL/6空白组小鼠(n=10)脊髓组织进行HE染色观察和免疫组化检测,分析小鼠脊髓组织的病理变化和CD4~+、CD8~+T淋巴细胞数量改变。结果:CCL2~(-/-)、C57BL/6模型组小鼠发病率分别为0%、100%;其中,1只CCL2~(-/-)模型组小鼠在免疫后第21天出现轻微拖尾随后恢复正常。免疫后第21天时,CCL2~(-/-)模型组小鼠的神经功能评分明显低于C57BL/6模型组(P0.05)。HE染色结果显示,C57BL/6模型小鼠的脊髓组织中脱髓鞘现象明显,其炎性细胞数目显著高于CCL2~(-/-)组(P0.05);同时,免疫组化结果表明,CCL2~(-/-)小鼠脊髓组织中CD4~+T淋巴细胞、CD8~+T淋巴细胞均分别低于C57BL/6小鼠对照组(P0.05),尤其CD8~+细胞量改变存在显著差异(P0.05)。结论:趋化因子CCL2可能通过抑制T淋巴细胞的浸润抑制EAE的发生发展。     

B细胞连接蛋白的表达抑制小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎

目的研究B细胞连接蛋白BLNK(B-cell linker protein)的表达对小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimentalautoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)的影响并初步探讨其可能的机制。方法 MOG35-55多肽免疫BLNK缺陷(BLNK-deficient,BLNK-/-)鼠及C57BL/6鼠制备EAE小鼠模型,观察实验动物的临床症状及中枢神经系统的病理学变化;应用ELISA方法检测血清中的MOG特异性IgG和IgM抗体水平;采用流式细胞术检测脾脏中调节性T细胞的变化;分选的脾脏B淋巴细胞采用RT-PCR技术评价B细胞所分泌的细胞因子的变化。结果 BLNK-/-鼠临床症状评分明显高于C57BL/6鼠(P0.01);HE染色及LFB染色结果显示,BLNK-/-鼠与C57BL/C鼠比较炎症感染灶及脱髓鞘病灶明显增多。BLNK-/-鼠血清中的MOG特异性IgG和IgM抗体水平显著低于C57BL/C鼠(P0.005)。BLNK-/-鼠与C57BL/6鼠相比,脾脏中调节性T细胞百分比及B细胞所分泌的IL-10的表达明显减少,而IL-2的表达显著增高(P0.05);IFN-γ的表达水平在2组小鼠之间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 BLNK的表达抑制EAE,其机制可能是通过对B细胞分泌的Th1/Th2细胞因子的调节来实现。     

EAE诱导过程中脾脏及CNS浸润Treg/Teff的变化

探讨实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)诱导过程中脾脏及中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg、效应T细胞(effector T cell,Teff)的变化及作用。用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein,MOG35-55)免疫C57BL/6小鼠诱导EAE;用流式细胞仪分析EAE发病初期及高峰期脾脏和CNS浸润Treg、Th1和Th17的变化。MOG35-55肽诱导产生典型的EAE症状,脊髓可见大量的单个核细胞浸润;EAE发病前,脾脏Treg、Th1、Th17数量增加,随着EAE临床症状的出现,脾脏Treg、Teff均减少;EAE发病前既有少量Teff迁移至CNS,主要为Th17;EAE发病高峰期,CNS内Th17比例降低,Th1比例及数量显著增加;EAE发病前CNS可见少量Treg存在,发病后大量Treg迁移至CNS,但不能抑制CNS的炎症反应。以上结果提示,Th17可能参与了CNS免疫损伤的启动,而CNS浸润的Thl与疾病的严重程度密切相关;EAE发病高峰期脾脏Treg伴随着Teff大量迁移至CNS,但不能控制EAE的进展。     

T细胞定向迁移诱导实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠胸腺萎缩

目的 初步探讨实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠胸腺萎缩的机制.方法 髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)免疫C57BL/6小鼠诱导EAE,卵清白蛋白(OVA)免疫的小鼠作为对照;不同时间点计数胸腺、脾脏、淋巴结细胞总数,检测脾脏中胸腺来源细胞及中枢神经系统(CNS)浸润细胞.结果 MOG肽成功诱导EAE动物模型,小鼠出现典型的肢体运动功能障碍,脊髓可见大量炎性细胞浸润;MOG和OVA免疫均诱导胸腺细胞增加,第5天达到高峰,随后逐渐下降;EAE发病后胸腺细胞迅速减少,发病高峰期几乎完全消失,胸腺严重萎缩;MOG和OVA免疫后脾脏和淋巴结细胞总数持续升高,新近胸腺来源的T细胞增加尤其明显;EAE发病后脾脏T细胞总数减少,CNS浸润淋巴细胞总数增加.结论 大量T细胞在胸腺发育成熟并释放到外周,进而定向迁移至CNS诱导EAE是胸腺萎缩的主要原因.     

EAE小鼠胸腺主要凋亡细胞群及其细胞凋亡机制的初步探讨

目的初步探讨实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠胸腺主要凋亡细胞群及其胸腺细胞的凋亡机制。方法用MOG35-55/CFA乳化剂背部皮下免疫C57BL/6小鼠,诱导EAE。观察实验动物的临床症状和脊髓病理改变;计数2组小鼠胸腺细胞总数;应用流式细胞仪分析2组小鼠胸腺CD4+CD8+双阳性(DP),CD4+/CD8+单阳性(SP)和CD4+Foxp3+调节性T细胞(Treg)的比例变化。结果 EAE组模型诱导成功,HE染色发现脊髓组织炎症细胞浸润;EAE小鼠发病高峰期胸腺细胞总数和胸腺DP细胞显著低于对照组(P0.01);SP细胞的比例高于对照组(P0.05),但是其绝对值低于对照组(P0.01)。结论 EAE小鼠胸腺细胞的主要凋亡细胞群是CD4+CD8+DP细胞,其可能凋亡机制是通过加速DP细胞向SP细胞的分化,从而加快DP细胞凋亡和SP细胞释放入外周并浸润中枢神经系统。     

IFN-β通过抑制OPN介导Th17分化缓解EAE发病

本研究探讨IFN-β对MOG诱导的实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)模型的免疫调节作用。通过MOG35-55肽段免疫C57/BL6小鼠,建立EAE动物模型,探究IFN-β治疗EAE的作用机制。小鼠随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组小鼠建模后隔天皮下注射无菌PBS溶液,治疗组小鼠从建模后第3天开始隔天皮下注射1×104 IU的IFN-β。随后,我们每天观察小鼠疾病进程,检测外周免疫器官和脑、脊髓中的Th1/Th17细胞亚群比例,并进一步检测了脾脏细胞培养上清中相关细胞因子、转录因子的表达以及在体外IFN-β处理对Th17分化的影响。与对照组相比,IFN-β治疗组小鼠外周免疫器官和脑、脊髓中Th1和Th17细胞均有明显下降;脾脏细胞培养上清中相应细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-17、OPN的水平明显降低,相关转录因子的表达也明显降低;体外分化实验显示IFN-β可抑制Th17的分化,并可通过抑制OPN诱导的Th17细胞的分化。上述结果提示IFN-β可通过抑制OPN调节Th17分化而缓解EAE疾病进程。     

敲除toll样受体4基因对小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的影响

目的:研究toll样受体4（TLR4）在小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）发病中的作用。方法:C57BL/6野生型（WT）和Tlr4敲除(Tlr4^-/-)小鼠注射髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白35-55(MOG_35-55)建立EAE模型。定期记录神经功能评分及体重变化;苏木素-伊红（HE）和劳克坚牢蓝（LFB）染色观察脊髓组织内炎症细胞浸润及髓鞘脱失情况;免疫荧光染色检测髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）的表达。结果:MOG_35-55免疫后,与WT组相比,Tlr4^-/-小鼠体重下降程度较轻、发病时间延迟、神经功能评分降低、炎性细胞浸润减少、髓鞘脱失减轻、MBP表达增加。结论:敲除Tlr4可减轻EAE小鼠的病理症状。     

妊高征患者血浆ET-1和血清INH、D-D检测的临床意义

目的:探讨了血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)和血清抑制素(INH)、D-二聚体(D-D)水平在妊高征患者发病中的变化和临床意义.方法:采用放射免疫分析、酶联法和生化法对32例妊高征患者进行了血浆ET-1和血清INH、D-D检测,并与35名正常孕妇作比较.结果:妊高征患者血浆ET-1和血清INH、D-D水平均非常显著地高于正常...     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血浆ET-1与血清NSE动态变化及相关性的研究

目的:探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(Hypoxic-ischemicencephalopathy,HIE)血浆内皮素(Endothlin,ET)与血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(Neuronspeificenolase,NSE)动态变化及相关性。方法:采用放射免疫分析动态测定32例HIE新生儿生后24h、3d、7d血浆ET-1和血清NSE水平,并以30例正常新生儿(生后24h)为正常对照组。结果:HIE新生儿血浆ET-1、血清NSE浓度在生后24h内分别为(88.17±19.75)pg/ml,(26.40±12.74)ng/ml显著高于对照组(分别为52.81±12.11pg/ml,14.35±3.11ng/ml);3d开始下降,血浆ET-1、血清NSE浓度分别为(73.77±22.86pg/ml,19.86±7.04ng/ml)与生后24h比较有显著性差异(P均<0.05);7d,HIE新生儿血浆ET-1(59.49±20.64)pg/ml,血清NSE(15.40±3.36)ng/ml与对照组比较无显著差异(P均>0.05)。血浆ET-1与血清NSE呈正相关(r=0.550,P<0.05)。结论:血浆ET-1动态变化在新生儿HIE的发病机理有着重要的作用,NSE释放与ET-1的动态变化相关。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者细胞粘附分子水平的研究

目的探讨细胞粘附分子在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症(OS-AHS)发病中的作用。方法应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测30例老年OSAHS患者及30例老年健康对照者血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)、血管细胞粘附分子-1(VCAM-1)和E-选择素的含量。结果OSAHS组血清ICAM-1、VCAM-1、E-选择素含量分别为245.22±71.19ng/ml、24.01±4.79ng/ml、和86.58±48.02ng/ml,均明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01),且随OSAHS程度的加重而明显升高。ICAM-1、E-选择素水平与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)呈明显正相关(P<0.01);I-CAM-1水平与最低血氧饱和度(SaO2min)呈明显负相关(P<0.01)。结论OSAHS患者血清中可溶性粘附分子ICAM-1、VCAM-1和E-选择素水平可作为反映OSAHS严重程度的敏感指标。     

ACI患者治疗前后血浆ET-1和血清NSE、NPY联检的临床意义

目的:评估了急性脑梗死(ACI)患者治疗前后血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)和血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、神经肽-Y(NPY)水平的变化及临床意义.方法:应用放射免疫分析对32例ACI患者进行了治疗前后血浆ET-1和血清NSE、NPY检测,并与35名正常健康人作比较.结果:在治疗前血浆ET-1和血清NSE、NPY水平...     

妊高征肾病患者血浆ET-1和血清TGF-β1、IL-10检测及其临床意义

目的：探讨妊高征肾病患者治疗前后血浆ET-1和血清TGF-β1、IL-10水平的变化及临床意义。方法：应用放射免疫分析和酶联法对32例妊高征肾病患者进行了治疗前后血浆ET-1和血清TGF-β1、IL-10检测,并与35名正常人作比较。结果：妊高征肾病患者在治疗前血浆ET-1和血清TGF-β1、IL-10均非常显著地高于正常人组（P〈0.01）,经治疗2周后则与正常人组比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,血浆ET-1和血清TGF-β1、IL-10水平呈正相关（r=0.4812、0.5784,P〈0.01）结论：检测妊高征肾病患者血浆ET-1和血清TGF-β1、IL-10水平的变化,对患者的病情判断、疗效观察具有重要的临床价值。     

甲1型流感病毒新分离株HA基因的序列分析

目的 研究新分离的H1N1亚型流感病毒株的HA1基因序列。方法 甲型流感病毒通过鸡胚增殖后提取RNA、逆转录合成cDNA,经PCR扩增和产物纯化构建重组质粒,用双脱氧链终止法进行核苷酸序列测定;并进行基因特性分析。结果 新分离到的3株流感病毒株（H1N1）HA1区基因长度为981bp,编码327个氨基酸;与A/桂防/10/94和A/Bayern/07/95（H1N1）标准株比较其同源性分别为92.8%和91.3%,丢失了第130位氨基酸和304位糖基化位点;新分离的3株甲型流感病毒（H1地）标准株比较其同源性分别为92.8%和91.3%,丢失了第130位氨基酸和304位糖基化位点,新分离的3株甲型流感病毒株（H1N1）HA1区氨基酸同源性高达98%;A/桂防/10/94和A/Bayern/07/95(H1N1)毒株HN1氨基酸的同源性高达96%。结论 新分离到的3株H1N1毒株HA编码氨基酸不同于A/Baydrn/07/95(H1N1)和A/桂防/10/94（H1N1）标准株,它们可能为新的甲型流感病毒变异性。     

Sp1 is over-expressed in nasopharyngeal cancer and is a poor prognostic indicator for patients receiving radiotherapy

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a tumor of epithelial origin with complex etiology. Currently the standard treatment of NPC is radiotherapy, but therapy failure is quite common, making radioresistance an important issue. This study explores the association of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) protein expression with clinicopathological significance and disease prognosis in NPC patients receiving radiotherapy. A total of 82 NPC patients (55 males and 27 females, median age: 48 years old) were enrolled and received radiotherapy between September 2011 and March 2014. Tumor tissue and grossly adjacent normal mucosa were obtained in each patient. Sp1 expression was detected by western blot and immunohistochemical analysis, and the associations with clinicopathological status and radiotherapy response were analyzed. Our Results showed Sp1 protein expression was higher in CNE-1 and CNE-2 nasopharyngeal cancer cells than in normal nasopharyngeal mucosal NP69 cells. All 82 patients’ tissue sections were stained positive for the Sp1 protein, and 39 (47.6%) patients showed higher level than adjacent normal mucosa. Sp1-overexpression in the tumor tissue was correlated with a higher tumor stage, nodal status, clinical stage and distant metastasis (P < 0.01). Patients with higher Sp1 expression in pretreatment biopsies had a lower radiotherapy response compared to those with lower expression. In conclusion, Sp1 may play roles in radioresistance of nasopharyngeal cancer which attributes to tumor invasiveness, and serve as a novel prognostic marker of NPC radiotherapy. However, further studies are required to validate our findings in larger samples and explore more detailed mechanisms underlying radioresistance of Sp1.     

Serum MCP-1 levels are increased in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease

Upregulation of a number of chemokines, including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological changes. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory events precede the clinical development of AD, as cytokine disregulation has been observed also in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

MCP-1 levels were evaluated in serum samples from 48 subjects with MCI, 94 AD patients and 24 age-matched controls. Significantly increased MCP-1 levels were found in MCI and mild AD, but not in severe AD patients as compared with controls. mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR analysis, paralleled serum MCP-1 levels. Moreover, a progressive MCP-1 decrease was observed over a 1-year follow up in a subgroup of MCI subjects converted to AD. MCP-1 upregulation is likely to be a very early event in AD pathogenesis, by far preceding the clinical onset of the disease. Nevertheless, as MCP-1 is likely to play a role in several pathologies with an inflammatory component, a possible usfulness as an early AD biomarker would be possible only in combination with other molecules.     

Epidemiological study, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization studies of nasopharyngeal carcinomas: a Tunisian report

Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) are a significant problem of public health in Tunisia. They are particular because of their characteristic geographic distribution. The aims of this study were, first, to appreciate the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) and to compare their benefits to NPC diagnosis and, secondly, to verify the relation between NPC and factors bound to the food and environment conditions. Biopsies, recruited at the department of pathology of EPS Charles Nicolle at Tunis, were analyzed for EBV genome presence by ISH of EBV-encoded small RNA1 (EBER1). IHC was done with encoded nuclear antigen (EBNA1), latent membrane proteins (LMP1), and antigen BZ1 anti-Z EBV-replication activator (ZEBRA). An epidemiological study based upon the analysis of a detailed questionnaire submitted to patients (all from the north of Tunisia) and 60 witnesses was done. The statistic analysis was realised by SPSS Windows 11.5 Advanced Statistics. All samples were classified as Undifferentiated Carcinoma of Nasopharyngeal type (UCNT). We found a sex ratio of 2 with a bimodal repartition. ISH showed 96.6% positive samples. IHC revealed the EBV in 90% of cases and 66.7%, respectively, with EBNA1 and LMP1. The statistic analysis showed a meaningful relation (P<0.05, OR>3) between NPC and dietary factors (spices and piquant condiment), alcohol and the water quality.