拉普拉斯滤波结合CS-LBP的单样本人脸识别

针对传统的人脸识别算法在单训练样本的情况下识别率不佳的情况,提出一种结合拉普拉斯滤波与中心对称局部二值模式的人脸识别算法（LFCLBP）。对原始人脸图像进行拉普拉斯滤波处理;然后对图像提取梯度幅值和梯度相位信息,对梯度幅值用CS-LBP算子编码,再将梯度相位量化到16个区间进行编码,将二者融合成人脸图像的LFCLBP特征;分块统计直方图特征,将所有分块的直方图串联起来作为人脸图像的特征向量,并用最近邻分类器识别。在YALE人脸库和AR人脸库上进行测试,测试结果表明该算法有效,在光照变化、表情变化和部分遮挡等环境下对单样本人脸图像具有较好的识别效果。     

融合小波变换与KPCA的分块人脸特征抽取与识别算法

鉴于小波多尺度变换对高维图像特征具有良好的压缩和表达能力,提出了一种融合小波变换与KPCA(核主成分分析)方法的分块人脸特征抽取与识别算法。该算法首先对人脸图像进行分块小波变换,再根据图像块的位置分布选取不同的频率分量;然后对此分量进行KPCA特征抽取,并通过对抽取到的特征进行融合来得到最终人脸鉴别特征;最后利用支持向量机分类器进行特征分类与识别。通过对ORL和Yale标准人脸图像库的实验仿真结果表明,该算法不仅在识别性能和分类速度上明显高于传统的PCA方法及融合小波特征的KPCA方法,而且对于人脸光照、姿态和表情变化均具有良好的鲁棒性。     

信息熵加权的HOG特征提取算法研究

针对人脸图像中不同部位所含的信息熵不同,对识别的影响程度不同等因素,提出了一种信息熵加权的HOG特征提取方法。该算法将待识别的人脸图像进行分块,对分块后的图像进行HOG特征提取,计算每块图像所含的信息熵作为权重系数加到各个分块中形成新的HOG特征,通过PCA算法对特征进行降维,得到信息熵加权的HOG特征。通过在ORL和YALE实验结果表明,该算法相较于其他传统识别方法具有更高的识别精度和准确度,并且对于人脸在光照、姿态表情等干扰因素下均具有良好的有效性和鲁棒性。     

采用LBP金字塔的人脸描述与识别

为了有效地提取人脸图像的全局和局部特征以提高人脸识别的性能,提出一种基于LBP金字塔特征的人脸描述与识别算法.首先通过多尺度分析构建人脸图像金字塔;然后采用LBP算子提取各层图像的LBP特征谱,建立图像的LBP金字塔;最后对LBP金字塔各层特征谱进行分块统计,并将各层的统计直方图序列连接起来作为人脸的鉴别特征用于分类识别.该算法在ORL和FERET人脸数据库上取得了较高的人脸识别率.实验分析表明,LBP金字塔特征具有较强的人脸描述能力和可鉴别性,且对光照、人脸表情及位置的变化具有较高的鲁棒性.     

一种基于特征融合降维的表情识别算法*

为了降低人脸表情识别过程中特征分类的计算量,采用了一种基于特征融合降维的表情识别算法。该算法首先对表情图像进行预处理,再利用Gabor小波多尺度多方向的特性对图像进行滤波,针对同一尺度下8个不同方向的几幅特征图像,对其中特征值最大的图像编码作为新特征图像的像素值,此时特征图像的维数降为原来的1／8。最后利用统计直方图对融合后的特征图像进行分块特征统计,将统计信息作为最终的特征信息进行分类。实验结果表明,该方法在保证人脸表情识别率的前提下减少了特征图像的计算量,提高了系统效率。     

.基于相位一致性图像的模块化PCA人脸识别方法

提出了一种新的基于相位一致性的模块化PCA的人脸识别方法.解决了人脸识别受光照影响的问题.首先得到人脸训练样本的相位一致性图像;然后将人脸相位一致性图像划分为更小的子模块,用PCA方法处理这些子模块图像.在姿势、光照以及表情变化的情况下同一个人的局部面部特征是不变的,因此用该方法来处理这些变化.给出了传统的模块化PCA方法与该方法在不同姿势、光照和表情变化条件下的对比实验结果.实验结果表明该方法的人脸识别率较传统模块化PCA方法有了较大提高.     

基于韦伯梯度方向直方图的人脸识别算法

针对传统人脸识别算法在姿态、表情和光照等变化下而引起识别效果不佳的问题,提出一种韦伯梯度方向直方图人脸识别算法（HWOG）。利用差动激励提取图像的结构和纹理信息,利用HOG算子提取原始图像的边缘特征,分块统计直方图特征信息,将所有分块的直方图串接得到人脸图像HWOG特征,用最近邻分类器进行分类。在YALE人脸库、ORL人脸库上和CAS-PEAL-R1进行实验,实验结果表明所提算法能有效提高识别率,且对光照、表情和姿态变化有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于肤色与人脸运动相结合的自动表情识别算法研究

基于肤色与人脸运动相结合的自动表情,对其识别算法进行研究。通过RGB将图像转为YIQ颜色空间,在YIQ中第I维中进行图像数据的提取,在二值图像中将背景和肤色分割出来。采用Pareto优化算法进行人脸表情特征的选取,算法计算量少,构结简单,运行速度快,能对小角度人脸肤色、人脸面部表情变化、人脸旋转、人脸面部存在遮挡物等情况准确检测和跟踪。实验表明,对于人脸小角度转动,该算法能较好适应;对于人眼的状态,该算法不受影响;对于丰富的面部表情变化和不同的肤色均能更好地适应,具有一定的稳定性。     

局部遮挡条件下的人脸表情识别

针对局部遮挡条件下的人脸表情识别,提出一种新的基于Gabor滤波和灰度共生矩阵的表情识别算法。首先设计一种分块提取Gabor特征统计量的方法,生成一个低维Gabor特征向量;然后,考虑到分块的Gabor特征缺失了像素之间的关联性,将反映像素间位置分布特性的灰度共生矩阵引入到表情识别领域,以此来弥补Gabor特征分块处理产生的不足;最后,将提取的低维Gabor特征向量和灰度共生矩阵纹理特征进行线性叠加,高斯归一化后生成一组用于特征表达的低维特征向量。在日本女性人脸表情库和荷兰内梅亨大学人脸数据库上的实验证明该算法对人脸不同区域、不同程度遮挡的表情识别具有鲁棒性强、特征向量维数低、分类耗时短、识别速率高的特点。     

基于四元数小波幅值相位表示及分块投票策略的人脸识别方法*

提出一种基于四元数小波幅值相位表示及分块投票策略的人脸识别方法。该方法首先对人脸图像进行预处理,利用四元数小波变换的四路小波提取多个角度方向的小波系数,并求取四元数幅值和三个相位,将这些幅值和相位特征组合并分成若干子块,对每个子块根据最近邻原则进行分类,对各子块分类结果进行投票以实现人脸图像最终识别。对五个人脸数据库的实验表明,该方法具有较高识别率和对表情及光照变化的鲁棒性。     

Virtual illumination grid for correction of uncontrolled illumination in facial images

Face recognition under uncontrolled illumination conditions is still considered an unsolved problem. In order to correct for these illumination conditions, we propose a virtual illumination grid (VIG) approach to model the unknown illumination conditions. Furthermore, we use coupled subspace models of both the facial surface and albedo to estimate the face shape. In order to obtain a representation of the face under frontal illumination, we relight the estimated face shape. We show that the frontal illuminated facial images achieve better performance in face recognition. We have performed the challenging Experiment 4 of the FRGCv2 database, which compares uncontrolled probe images to controlled gallery images. Our illumination correction method results in considerably better recognition rates for a number of well-known face recognition methods. By fusing our global illumination correction method with a local illumination correction method, further improvements are achieved.     

使用汉明距离约束的LBP人脸识别算法

提出了一种新的使用汉明距离约束的LBP（局部二值化模式）人脸识别算法。传统的LBP算子使用一致性模式（Uniform Pattern）来描述图像的局部特征,并且把其他非一致性模式都归并到另外的一个类中去,对于受光照和表情变化影响的图像,这种方法的准确性会降低。假定光照、姿态、表情的影响都可以看作是某种“噪声”,把信道编码中广泛应用的汉明距离引入到LBP算法中,减少由于这些噪声干扰产生的错误率。在FRGC上的实验结果显示：对于无约束环境下的人脸图片来说,该方法要优于传统的基于LBP的人脸识别方法。     

基于光照归一化分块完备LBP特征的人脸识别

针对复杂光照条件下的人脸识别,提出了一种基于光照归一化分块完备局部二值模式（B-CLBP）特征的人脸识别算法。该方法对人脸图像进行光照归一化预处理,对处理后的人脸图像进行B-CLBP特征提取,融合成B-CLBP直方图,根据最近邻准则进行分类识别。在Extended Yale B人脸库上的实验结果表明,所提算法可以有效提高复杂光照条件下的人脸识别率。     

可变光照条件下的人脸图像识别

对于人脸图像识别中光照变化的影响,传统的解决方法是对待识别图像进行光照补偿,先使它成为标准光照条件下的图像,然后和模板图像匹配来进行识别。为了提高在光照条件大范围变化时,人脸图像的识别率,提出了一种新的可变光照条件下的人脸图像识别方法。该方法首先利用在9个基本光照方向下分别获得的9幅图像来构成人脸光照特征空间,再通过这个光照特征空间,将图像库中的人脸图像变换成与待识别图像具有相同光照条件的图像,并将其作为模板图像;然后利用特征脸方法进行识别。实验结果表明,这种方法不仅能够有效地解决人脸识别中由于光照变化影响所造成的识别率下降的问题,而且对于光照条件大范围变化的情况,也可以得到比较高的正确识别率。     

OptiFuzz: a robust illumination invariant face recognition system and its implementation

Vision-based human face detection and recognition are widely used and have been shown to be effective in normal illumination conditions. Under severe illumination conditions, however, it is very challenging. In this paper, we address the effect of illumination on the face detection and the face recognition problem by introducing a novel illumination invariant method, called OptiFuzz. It is an optimized fuzzy-based illumination invariant method to solve the effect of illumination for photometric-based human face recognition. The rule of the Fuzzy Inference System is optimized by using a genetic algorithm. The Fuzzy’s output controls an illumination invariant model that is extended from Land’s reflectance model. We test our method by using Yale B Extended and CAS-PEAL face databases to represent the offline experiments, and several videos are recorded at our campus to represent the online indoor and outdoor experiments. Viola–Jones face detector and mutual subspace method are employed to handle the online face detection and face recognition experiments. Based on the experimental results, we can show that our algorithm outperforms the existing and the state-of-the-art methods in recognizing a specific person under variable lighting conditions with a significantly improved computation time. Other than that, using illumination invariant images is also effective in improving the face detection performance.     

Illumination invariant face recognition using near-infrared images

Most current face recognition systems are designed for indoor, cooperative-user applications. However, even in thus-constrained applications, most existing systems, academic and commercial, are compromised in accuracy by changes in environmental illumination. In this paper, we present a novel solution for illumination invariant face recognition for indoor, cooperative-user applications. First, we present an active near infrared (NIR) imaging system that is able to produce face images of good condition regardless of visible lights in the environment. Second, we show that the resulting face images encode intrinsic information of the face, subject only to a monotonic transform in the gray tone; based on this, we use local binary pattern (LBP) features to compensate for the monotonic transform, thus deriving an illumination invariant face representation. Then, we present methods for face recognition using NIR images; statistical learning algorithms are used to extract most discriminative features from a large pool of invariant LBP features and construct a highly accurate face matching engine. Finally, we present a system that is able to achieve accurate and fast face recognition in practice, in which a method is provided to deal with specular reflections of active NIR lights on eyeglasses, a critical issue in active NIR image-based face recognition. Extensive, comparative results are provided to evaluate the imaging hardware, the face and eye detection algorithms, and the face recognition algorithms and systems, with respect to various factors, including illumination, eyeglasses, time lapse, and ethnic groups     

Illumination invariant face recognition

The appearance of a face will vary drastically when the illumination changes. Variations in lighting conditions make face recognition an even more challenging and difficult task. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to handle the illumination problem. Our method can restore a face image captured under arbitrary lighting conditions to one with frontal illumination by using a ratio-image between the face image and a reference face image, both of which are blurred by a Gaussian filter. An iterative algorithm is then used to update the reference image, which is reconstructed from the restored image by means of principal component analysis (PCA), in order to obtain a visually better restored image. Image processing techniques are also used to improve the quality of the restored image. To evaluate the performance of our algorithm, restored images with frontal illumination are used for face recognition by means of PCA. Experimental results demonstrate that face recognition using our method can achieve a higher recognition rate based on the Yale B database and the Yale database. Our algorithm has several advantages over other previous algorithms: (1) it does not need to estimate the face surface normals and the light source directions, (2) it does not need many images captured under different lighting conditions for each person, nor a set of bootstrap images that includes many images with different illuminations, and (3) it does not need to detect accurate positions of some facial feature points or to warp the image for alignment, etc.     

一种基于LBP特征与流形知识的人脸识别方法

人脸识别是计算机视觉领域的研究热点,应用背景广泛。近年来,流形被认为是视觉感知的基础,流形学习算法被用来发现图像的内在特征。如何利用流形学习后的低维内蕴变量成为相关研究的核心问题。但是利用传统的流形学习算法降维得到的人脸低维特征在可分性上存在一定的不足。此外,流形学习算法对光照和姿态变化敏感。针对这两个问题,提出了一种基于局部二值模式（LBP）和流形知识的人脸识别方法。该方法首先利用LBP算子对人脸图像进行局部特征描述,然后使用流形学习算法获得高维特征数据的低维内蕴变量,并用泰勒展开式近似该流形,获取流形知识,最后利用流形知识估计流形距离来实现人脸识别。实验证明,该方法增强了人脸识别对光照变化的鲁棒性,从而提高了识别性能。     

Illumination invariant feature extraction and mutual-information-based local matching for face recognition under illumination variation and occlusion

An efficient method for face recognition which is robust under illumination variations is proposed. The proposed method achieves the illumination invariants based on the illumination-reflection model employing local matching for best classification. Different filters have been tested to achieve the reflectance part of the image, which is illumination invariant, and maximum filter is suggested as the best method for this purpose. A set of adaptively weighted classifiers vote on different sub-images of each input image and a decision is made based on their votes. Image entropy and mutual information are used as weight factors. The proposed method does not need any prior information about the face shape or illumination and can be applied on each image separately. Unlike most available methods, our method does not need multiple images in training stage to get the illumination invariants. Support vector machines and k-nearest neighbors methods are used as classifier. Several experiments are performed on Yale B, Extended Yale B and CMU-PIE databases. Recognition results show that the proposed method is suitable for efficient face recognition under illumination variations.