含添加剂细水雾灭火模型及其应用

通过对细水雾的一维瞬间模型进行修改，建立了含添加剂细水雾灭火模型，并论述了该模型的实际应用，结合已有的实验条件对模型进行了验证。主要在于通过含添加剂细水雾灭火模型，提出了细水雾中添加剂灭火有效性的评价指标K，该模型还可对已安装的细水雾灭火系统的灭火有效性进行评价，因而具有较大的实际应用意义。     

对含添加剂细水雾灭火系统的分析

含添加剂细水雾灭火系统是当今火灾科学研究的热点之一。结合细水雾灭火系统的灭火机理对碱金属化舍物和泡沫添加剂的灭火效果进行了分析，指出了影响含添加剂细水雾灭火系统灭火性能的主要因素。讨论了目前含添加剂细水雾存在的问题，并展望了系统今后的研究方向和发展趋势。     

细水雾灭火的试验研究

在阐述了细水雾灭火机理的基础上,试验研究了含有不同浓度NaCl添加剂熄灭定量汽油火焰的灭火效果。     

细水雾灭火机理探讨

本文研究了细水雾水滴直径与蒸发时间的关系,不同可燃物燃耗氧量的关系,并分析了水滴蒸发吸热量和水蒸汽分压增加对灭火效果的贡献,结合实验研究结果提出细水雾灭火的机理主要是水滴迅速汽化形成的水蒸气层阻碍了氧气向燃烧区域的扩散,而使可燃物燃烧耗尽局部区域氧气窒息熄灭。     

气溶胶灭火机理及应用探讨

本文对气溶胶的灭火过程,特点进行了深入研究,着重分析了探讨了气溶胶灭火剂的灭火原理,应用范围及其发展前景。     

细水雾灭火技术异军突起

早在上个世纪40年代，细水雾开始被用于特殊场所的消防保护。随着时代发展，细水雾作为灭火剂对于环境的潜在优势使其应用范围在不断地拓展。近年来，美国拟强制住宅安装水雾自动灭火系统，国内对水雾自动灭火系统的重视程度也越来越高，发展前景广阔。     

细水雾灭火添加剂的研究现状与性能分析

利用细水雾添加剂的实验研究结果对细水雾系统的添加剂进行了分类,并结合细水雾灭火系统的灭火机理分析了添加剂对细水雾灭火性能的影响。在此基础上,对目前细水雾系统添加剂选择与确定中的问题进行了探讨并提出了该系统今后的研究方向和发展趋势。     

超细水雾：水霾灭火技术的进展

超细水雾─—水霾灭火技术的进展公安部天津消防科学研究所王致新一、前言在供水和排水条件受到严格限制而又不能使用具有毒性的气体灭火剂的封闭空间（如潜艇舱室和民航机客舱），如何灭火的问题一直是一个难以解决的问题。七十年代末，美国海军用有限的艇载水源，以超细...     

含NH4Cl添加剂细水雾对油池火灭火效果的研究

受限空间内的火灾是消防救援与火场疏散的难题。细水雾灭火系统能最大限度保护设备,与其他灭火剂相比具有良好的环保性能。为了更好地发挥灭火效果,采用在水中加入添加剂的方式以探究其对灭火的影响,在受限空间内开展含NH₄Cl添加剂的细水雾对雾化效果的影响和灭油池火的实验,研究火焰形状变化、受限空间内温度变化以及添加剂浓度不同时的灭火效果,对受限空间内氧含量的变化进行监测分析。研究表明：在水中加入NH₄Cl添加剂后,改变了喷雾的分布,雾场中心雾滴较密集,且随着NH₄Cl浓度的增加雾滴粒径增大,雾化锥角变小。采用不同浓度的NH₄Cl添加剂细水雾灭火时,受限空间内氧含量及灭火时间呈不同的变化,当添加剂浓度为2%时,物理与化学灭火的耦合机制能更好地发挥,灭火效果最佳。     

细水雾特性及其灭火机理分析

介绍了细水雾的基本属性及其表征特性，分析了细水雾的灭火模型及灭火特性。结果表明，细水雾可实现多种灭火效应(燃料冷却、烟气冷却、辐射衰减、惰化作用)，可以达到高效、快速灭火的目的。     

Physical scaling of water mist fire extinguishment in industrial machinery enclosures

Froude-based scaling relationships had previously been theoretically extended to, and experimentally validated in the laboratory for, water mist suppression of fires in open environment and in enclosures, which were shown applicable to gas, liquid and solid combustible fires. Before applying these relationships to real-world settings, their applicability needs to be further evaluated for the intended protection. This paper presents such an evaluation on scaling water mist fire extinguishment in an industrial machinery enclosure. In this evaluation exercise, a full-scale water mist protection set-up tested for a 260-m³ machinery enclosure was selected as the benchmark. A ½-scale machinery enclosure test replica was then constructed, together with a ½-scale nozzle whose orifices were geometrically similar to those of the full-scale nozzle. Spray measurements indicated that the ½-scale spray closely met the scaling requirements, in terms of discharge K-factor, water mist flux, droplet velocity and droplet size distribution. Two spray fires and one pool fire, which were scaled with the respective full-scale fires, were used to challenge the water mist protection in the ½-scale enclosure. At least five replicated tests were conducted for each of the four tested fire scenarios. Overall, the instantaneous local gas temperature and oxygen concentration measured inside the ½-scale enclosure for each fire scenario agreed reasonably well with those measured at the corresponding locations inside the full-scale enclosure, meeting Froude modeling's requirement that scalar quantities be preserved in different scales. The fire extinguishment times obtained from the ½-scale tests for each fire scenario were also statistically consistent with that observed in the corresponding full-scale test. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that, for machinery enclosures and other similar occupancies, the previously laboratory-validated scaling relationships for water mist fire suppression can be used to determine the fire extinguishing performance of a full-scale water mist protection in a ½-scale test facility.     

高压细水雾灭火系统在档案库的灭火试验研究

细水雾灭火系统已被建议用于保护对水敏感的区域,如档案库房。通过试验研究了细水雾灭火系统控制与扑灭档案库房火灾的可能性,并比较不同喷头形式的细水雾灭火系统在扑救档案库房火灾中的局限性,为细水雾灭火系统在档案库房内的推广应用提供建议。     

建筑外保温材料堆垛火灭火试验

对常用外保温材料PU、XPS和EPS在堆垛火情况下进行灭火试验,试验在环境风速小于2 m/s的场所中进行.通过灭火剂直接喷射,获得ABC类干粉、直流水、水凝胶混合液和A类泡沫对不同保温材料的灭火和冷却效果.PU具有较XPS和EPS更短的引燃时间.对于PU堆垛火,干粉灭火剂和水具有较好的灭火性能.对于EPS堆垛火,水凝胶的灭火效果较好.外保温材料燃烧后应优先利用固定消防设施快速出水,控制火势.     

两相流细水雾灭B类火实验研究

采用气液同管雾状流输送方式,在两相流系统中设置雾化混合器,使结构简化.实验研究不同热释放率时两相流细水雾的灭火特性及规律.采用热电偶树和气体分析仪测量火焰温度及火场氧浓度,通过灭火时间评价细水雾的灭火效率,将两相流细水雾的灭火效果同单相流进行对比.实验结果显示,热释放率对细水雾的灭火效果影响显著;两相流在较低压力下就可达到单相流较高压力的灭火效果.     

A study of portable water mist fire extinguishers used for extinguishment of multiple fire types

This paper describes both theoretical and experimental studies on the application of a portable water mist extinguisher in suppressing multiple fire types. Two prototype portable water mist fire extinguishers were developed and their feasibility in extinguishing flammable liquid, cooking oil and wood crib fires, and for use in fires associated with an energized target was investigated. The interaction between water mist and the fire plume was studied by analyzing the instantaneous process of fire extinction, and fire and fuel temperature profiles. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results showed that the extinguishing mechanisms and process as well as water mist characteristics required (such as water flux density, droplet size and spray coverage) change with the types of fires encountered. The portable water mist extinguisher with appropriate mist characteristics was able to extinguish multiple fire types.     

甲醇和异丙醇池火泡沫灭火试验研究

对直径2.5 m的甲醇和异丙醇池火发展过程、冷却保护和泡沫灭火进行了试验研究.结果表明,异丙醇池火的发展较甲醇池火迅速;采用冷却水保护储罐罐壁能够显著抑制池火的发展和热辐射;受燃液表面和火焰的破坏作用,灭火泡沫释放至燃液表面后需经历一定延迟时间才能对池火产生影响,该延迟时间随泡沫混合液供给强度的增大而缩短;推算出直径2...     

添加剂对细水雾灭火有效性的研究

概述了在相对敞开空间里，在细水雾中添加添加剂对灭火有效性的影响。通过小尺寸的模拟试验将几种添加剂与同等条件下的纯水雾对柴油火、汽油火的灭火能力进行对比。研究证明，添加添加剂的细水雾灭火系统可以大大提高细水雾的灭火能力，细水雾对相对敞开空间的灭火有效性也大大增强。     

The extinguishment of fires using low flow water hose streams — part I

Low flow water hose reel systems have been proposed for shipboard use. Where water delivery rates are limited, judgment must be used to determine minimum acceptable hose pressure and flow. Laboratory experiments were conducted to quantify differences in fire extinguishing capability for varying pressure and flow. Having established a baseline design, full scale fire fighting tests were conducted that integrated human response and protective equipment variables.     

细水雾灭火添加剂的选择与实验研究

通过对国内外细水雾添加剂种类和灭火原理的分析，提出将细水雾添加剂分为物理添加剂和化学添加剂。探讨了在A类火灾和B类火灾中细水雾复合添加剂组成确定的一般性原则，提出对于化学灭火添加剂一般通过实验的方法来确定其组成和质量分数，由不同的火灾场景来确定复合添加剂中物理添加剂的组成。由于添加剂对于细水雾灭火效果各有利弊，采用正交设计的方法确定复合添加剂的组成和质量分数。