早期强化与适度胰岛素治疗对重症急性胰腺炎患者预后的影响

目的 比较早期强化胰岛素治疗与适度胰岛素治疗对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2009年12月兰州大学第二医院普通外科收治的78例SAP合并高血糖症患者的临床资料.根据治疗方案,分为强化组(31例)和适度组(47例),强化组维持血糖在0.80～ 1.10 g/L(4.4 ～6.1 mmol/L),而适度组维持血糖在1.44～1.80 g/L(8.0 ～ 10.0 mmol/L),比较两种血糖控制策略对患者预后的影响.计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用x2检验.结果 两组患者接受胰岛素治疗情况:(1)血糖控制:强化组平均每日胰岛素用量为(35 ±11)u,平均晨测空腹血糖为(1.02 ±0.13) g/L[ (5.7±0.7)mmol/L],10％(3/31)的患者发生严重低血糖症;适度组平均每日胰岛素用量为(24±15)u,平均晨测空腹血糖为(1.58 ±0.21) g/L[ (8.8±1.2) mmol/L],2％ (1/47)的患者发生严重低血糖症.两组患者平均每日胰岛素用量比较,差异有统计学意义(t=12.76,P＜0.05);而两组患者严重低血糖症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.91,P ＞0.05).(2)营养指标:强化组和适度组患者入院第14天的Alb分别为(34 ±6)g/L和(35 ±5) g/L,前白蛋白分别为(231 ±31) mg/L和(241±29) mg/L,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=-1.94,-1.68,P＞0.05).(3)临床预后:强化组和适度组患者腹腔感染、循环障碍、呼吸障碍、获得性肾功能损害发生率分别为23％(7/31)、32％( 10/31)、26％(8/31)、13％(4/31)和26％(12/47)、36％(17/47)、30％( 14/47)、23％(11/47),入院第14天APPACHEⅡ评分分别为(9±4)分和(9±3)分,两组患者4种并发症发生率和APPACHEⅡ评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(x2=0.09,0.13,0.15,1.33,t=-0.60,P＞0.05).强化组和适度组分别有13％(4/31)和15％(7/47)的患者因MODS死亡,其中强化组2例、适度组6例合并脓毒症.两组患者病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0,P＞0.05).结论 与适度胰岛素治疗比较,早期强化胰岛素治疗并不能显著改善SAP患者的预后,SAP高血糖症患者实施适度胰岛素治疗是合理可行的.     

胰岛素强化治疗对严重创伤患者炎性反应及预后的影响

目的 了解胰岛素强化治疗对严重创伤患者炎性反应及预后的影响.方法 将80例严重创伤患者按随机配对原则分为治疗组(40例)和对照组(40例).治疗组患者入院后立即行胰岛素强化治疗,从胰岛素泵泵入胰岛素2～4 U/h,控制血糖值在6～8 mmol/L;对照组按临床常规治疗,不给予胰岛素.观察2组患者的发热、器官损伤情况,统计病死率.于开始治疗后1、3、5、7 d晨抽取2组患者静脉血,检测血浆TNF-α、IL-2、IL-10、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平.结果 治疗组患者9例发生高热,低于对照组(29例).治疗组和对照组各有31例和30例患者出现1个脏器功能不全.治疗组和对照组同一患者出现3个脏器功能不全的分别为10、19例,出现4个脏器功能不全的分别为7、12例.治疗组伤后3 d内死亡4例,3 d以后死亡1例,病死率为12.5%;对照组伤后3 d内死亡5例,3 d以后死亡4例,病死率为22.5%.治疗后3～7 d,治疗组患者TNF-α、CRP值均低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而IL-2、IL-10值则均高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01).治疗后7 d,治疗组TNF-α、CRP值最低,分别为(1.3±0.6)μg/L、(55±16)mg/L,且明显低于对照组的(3.0±0.8)μg/L、(89±20)mg/L(P<0.01).结论 严重创伤后行胰岛素强化治疗,可以减轻患者全身性炎性反应程度,改善创伤患者预后.     

胰岛素强化治疗对严重创伤患者炎性反应及预后的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of intensive insulin therapy on inflammatory re-sponse and prognosis of patients with severe trauma. Methods Eighty severely injured patients were di-vided into intensive insulin therapy group (n = 40, IT) and routine therapy group (n = 40, RT) in random pair. At the time of admission, a continuous infusion of insulin (2 -4 U/h) was pumped into the patients of IT group to maintain blood glucose level at 6 -8 mmol/L. Patients in RT group were given routine treatment without administration of insulin. Fever, organ injury, and mortality of patients in 2 groups were recorded. Venous blood was drawn from patients of 2 groups on the morning of post treatment day (PTD) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Values of TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-2, and IL-10 in plasma were assayed. Results High fever appeared in 9 patients in IT group, and WBC exceeded 10.0×109 for more than 3 days in 17 patients in this group, versus 20 and 29 patients respectively in RT group. Dysfunction of 1 organ appeared in 31 pa-tients in IT group and 30 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 3 organs appeared in 10 patients in IT group and 19 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 4 organs appeared in 7 patients in IT group and 12 patients in RT group. In IT group, 4 patients died within 3 post-injury day (PID), and 1 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 12.5% ). In RT group, 5 patients died within 3 PID, and 4 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 22.5%). Plasma levels of TNF-α and CRP of patients in IT group were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group on PID 3 - 7 ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ), while levels of IL-2 and IL-10 of patients in IT group were significantly higher than those of patients in RT group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). Plasma levels of TNF-α ( 1.3±0.6 μg/L) and CRP (55±16 mg/L) of patients in IT group on PTD 7 were lowered to the trough level, and they were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group (3.0±0.8μg/L, 89±20 mg/L, respectively, P <0.01 ). Conclusions Intensive insulin therapy can mitigate systemic inflammatory response and improve prognosis of patients with severe trauma.     

胰岛素强化治疗对严重创伤患者炎性反应及预后的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of intensive insulin therapy on inflammatory re-sponse and prognosis of patients with severe trauma. Methods Eighty severely injured patients were di-vided into intensive insulin therapy group (n = 40, IT) and routine therapy group (n = 40, RT) in random pair. At the time of admission, a continuous infusion of insulin (2 -4 U/h) was pumped into the patients of IT group to maintain blood glucose level at 6 -8 mmol/L. Patients in RT group were given routine treatment without administration of insulin. Fever, organ injury, and mortality of patients in 2 groups were recorded. Venous blood was drawn from patients of 2 groups on the morning of post treatment day (PTD) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Values of TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-2, and IL-10 in plasma were assayed. Results High fever appeared in 9 patients in IT group, and WBC exceeded 10.0×109 for more than 3 days in 17 patients in this group, versus 20 and 29 patients respectively in RT group. Dysfunction of 1 organ appeared in 31 pa-tients in IT group and 30 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 3 organs appeared in 10 patients in IT group and 19 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 4 organs appeared in 7 patients in IT group and 12 patients in RT group. In IT group, 4 patients died within 3 post-injury day (PID), and 1 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 12.5% ). In RT group, 5 patients died within 3 PID, and 4 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 22.5%). Plasma levels of TNF-α and CRP of patients in IT group were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group on PID 3 - 7 ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ), while levels of IL-2 and IL-10 of patients in IT group were significantly higher than those of patients in RT group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). Plasma levels of TNF-α ( 1.3±0.6 μg/L) and CRP (55±16 mg/L) of patients in IT group on PTD 7 were lowered to the trough level, and they were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group (3.0±0.8μg/L, 89±20 mg/L, respectively, P <0.01 ). Conclusions Intensive insulin therapy can mitigate systemic inflammatory response and improve prognosis of patients with severe trauma.     

胰岛素强化治疗对严重创伤患者炎性反应及预后的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of intensive insulin therapy on inflammatory re-sponse and prognosis of patients with severe trauma. Methods Eighty severely injured patients were di-vided into intensive insulin therapy group (n = 40, IT) and routine therapy group (n = 40, RT) in random pair. At the time of admission, a continuous infusion of insulin (2 -4 U/h) was pumped into the patients of IT group to maintain blood glucose level at 6 -8 mmol/L. Patients in RT group were given routine treatment without administration of insulin. Fever, organ injury, and mortality of patients in 2 groups were recorded. Venous blood was drawn from patients of 2 groups on the morning of post treatment day (PTD) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Values of TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-2, and IL-10 in plasma were assayed. Results High fever appeared in 9 patients in IT group, and WBC exceeded 10.0×109 for more than 3 days in 17 patients in this group, versus 20 and 29 patients respectively in RT group. Dysfunction of 1 organ appeared in 31 pa-tients in IT group and 30 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 3 organs appeared in 10 patients in IT group and 19 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 4 organs appeared in 7 patients in IT group and 12 patients in RT group. In IT group, 4 patients died within 3 post-injury day (PID), and 1 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 12.5% ). In RT group, 5 patients died within 3 PID, and 4 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 22.5%). Plasma levels of TNF-α and CRP of patients in IT group were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group on PID 3 - 7 ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ), while levels of IL-2 and IL-10 of patients in IT group were significantly higher than those of patients in RT group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). Plasma levels of TNF-α ( 1.3±0.6 μg/L) and CRP (55±16 mg/L) of patients in IT group on PTD 7 were lowered to the trough level, and they were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group (3.0±0.8μg/L, 89±20 mg/L, respectively, P <0.01 ). Conclusions Intensive insulin therapy can mitigate systemic inflammatory response and improve prognosis of patients with severe trauma.     

胰岛素强化治疗对严重创伤患者炎性反应及预后的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of intensive insulin therapy on inflammatory re-sponse and prognosis of patients with severe trauma. Methods Eighty severely injured patients were di-vided into intensive insulin therapy group (n = 40, IT) and routine therapy group (n = 40, RT) in random pair. At the time of admission, a continuous infusion of insulin (2 -4 U/h) was pumped into the patients of IT group to maintain blood glucose level at 6 -8 mmol/L. Patients in RT group were given routine treatment without administration of insulin. Fever, organ injury, and mortality of patients in 2 groups were recorded. Venous blood was drawn from patients of 2 groups on the morning of post treatment day (PTD) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Values of TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-2, and IL-10 in plasma were assayed. Results High fever appeared in 9 patients in IT group, and WBC exceeded 10.0×109 for more than 3 days in 17 patients in this group, versus 20 and 29 patients respectively in RT group. Dysfunction of 1 organ appeared in 31 pa-tients in IT group and 30 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 3 organs appeared in 10 patients in IT group and 19 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 4 organs appeared in 7 patients in IT group and 12 patients in RT group. In IT group, 4 patients died within 3 post-injury day (PID), and 1 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 12.5% ). In RT group, 5 patients died within 3 PID, and 4 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 22.5%). Plasma levels of TNF-α and CRP of patients in IT group were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group on PID 3 - 7 ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ), while levels of IL-2 and IL-10 of patients in IT group were significantly higher than those of patients in RT group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). Plasma levels of TNF-α ( 1.3±0.6 μg/L) and CRP (55±16 mg/L) of patients in IT group on PTD 7 were lowered to the trough level, and they were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group (3.0±0.8μg/L, 89±20 mg/L, respectively, P <0.01 ). Conclusions Intensive insulin therapy can mitigate systemic inflammatory response and improve prognosis of patients with severe trauma.     

胰岛素强化治疗对严重创伤患者炎性反应及预后的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of intensive insulin therapy on inflammatory re-sponse and prognosis of patients with severe trauma. Methods Eighty severely injured patients were di-vided into intensive insulin therapy group (n = 40, IT) and routine therapy group (n = 40, RT) in random pair. At the time of admission, a continuous infusion of insulin (2 -4 U/h) was pumped into the patients of IT group to maintain blood glucose level at 6 -8 mmol/L. Patients in RT group were given routine treatment without administration of insulin. Fever, organ injury, and mortality of patients in 2 groups were recorded. Venous blood was drawn from patients of 2 groups on the morning of post treatment day (PTD) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Values of TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-2, and IL-10 in plasma were assayed. Results High fever appeared in 9 patients in IT group, and WBC exceeded 10.0×109 for more than 3 days in 17 patients in this group, versus 20 and 29 patients respectively in RT group. Dysfunction of 1 organ appeared in 31 pa-tients in IT group and 30 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 3 organs appeared in 10 patients in IT group and 19 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 4 organs appeared in 7 patients in IT group and 12 patients in RT group. In IT group, 4 patients died within 3 post-injury day (PID), and 1 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 12.5% ). In RT group, 5 patients died within 3 PID, and 4 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 22.5%). Plasma levels of TNF-α and CRP of patients in IT group were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group on PID 3 - 7 ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ), while levels of IL-2 and IL-10 of patients in IT group were significantly higher than those of patients in RT group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). Plasma levels of TNF-α ( 1.3±0.6 μg/L) and CRP (55±16 mg/L) of patients in IT group on PTD 7 were lowered to the trough level, and they were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group (3.0±0.8μg/L, 89±20 mg/L, respectively, P <0.01 ). Conclusions Intensive insulin therapy can mitigate systemic inflammatory response and improve prognosis of patients with severe trauma.     

胰岛素强化治疗对严重创伤患者炎性反应及预后的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of intensive insulin therapy on inflammatory re-sponse and prognosis of patients with severe trauma. Methods Eighty severely injured patients were di-vided into intensive insulin therapy group (n = 40, IT) and routine therapy group (n = 40, RT) in random pair. At the time of admission, a continuous infusion of insulin (2 -4 U/h) was pumped into the patients of IT group to maintain blood glucose level at 6 -8 mmol/L. Patients in RT group were given routine treatment without administration of insulin. Fever, organ injury, and mortality of patients in 2 groups were recorded. Venous blood was drawn from patients of 2 groups on the morning of post treatment day (PTD) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Values of TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-2, and IL-10 in plasma were assayed. Results High fever appeared in 9 patients in IT group, and WBC exceeded 10.0×109 for more than 3 days in 17 patients in this group, versus 20 and 29 patients respectively in RT group. Dysfunction of 1 organ appeared in 31 pa-tients in IT group and 30 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 3 organs appeared in 10 patients in IT group and 19 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 4 organs appeared in 7 patients in IT group and 12 patients in RT group. In IT group, 4 patients died within 3 post-injury day (PID), and 1 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 12.5% ). In RT group, 5 patients died within 3 PID, and 4 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 22.5%). Plasma levels of TNF-α and CRP of patients in IT group were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group on PID 3 - 7 ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ), while levels of IL-2 and IL-10 of patients in IT group were significantly higher than those of patients in RT group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). Plasma levels of TNF-α ( 1.3±0.6 μg/L) and CRP (55±16 mg/L) of patients in IT group on PTD 7 were lowered to the trough level, and they were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group (3.0±0.8μg/L, 89±20 mg/L, respectively, P <0.01 ). Conclusions Intensive insulin therapy can mitigate systemic inflammatory response and improve prognosis of patients with severe trauma.     

胰岛素强化治疗对严重创伤患者炎性反应及预后的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of intensive insulin therapy on inflammatory re-sponse and prognosis of patients with severe trauma. Methods Eighty severely injured patients were di-vided into intensive insulin therapy group (n = 40, IT) and routine therapy group (n = 40, RT) in random pair. At the time of admission, a continuous infusion of insulin (2 -4 U/h) was pumped into the patients of IT group to maintain blood glucose level at 6 -8 mmol/L. Patients in RT group were given routine treatment without administration of insulin. Fever, organ injury, and mortality of patients in 2 groups were recorded. Venous blood was drawn from patients of 2 groups on the morning of post treatment day (PTD) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Values of TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-2, and IL-10 in plasma were assayed. Results High fever appeared in 9 patients in IT group, and WBC exceeded 10.0×109 for more than 3 days in 17 patients in this group, versus 20 and 29 patients respectively in RT group. Dysfunction of 1 organ appeared in 31 pa-tients in IT group and 30 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 3 organs appeared in 10 patients in IT group and 19 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 4 organs appeared in 7 patients in IT group and 12 patients in RT group. In IT group, 4 patients died within 3 post-injury day (PID), and 1 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 12.5% ). In RT group, 5 patients died within 3 PID, and 4 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 22.5%). Plasma levels of TNF-α and CRP of patients in IT group were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group on PID 3 - 7 ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ), while levels of IL-2 and IL-10 of patients in IT group were significantly higher than those of patients in RT group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). Plasma levels of TNF-α ( 1.3±0.6 μg/L) and CRP (55±16 mg/L) of patients in IT group on PTD 7 were lowered to the trough level, and they were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group (3.0±0.8μg/L, 89±20 mg/L, respectively, P <0.01 ). Conclusions Intensive insulin therapy can mitigate systemic inflammatory response and improve prognosis of patients with severe trauma.     

胰岛素强化治疗对严重创伤患者炎性反应及预后的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of intensive insulin therapy on inflammatory re-sponse and prognosis of patients with severe trauma. Methods Eighty severely injured patients were di-vided into intensive insulin therapy group (n = 40, IT) and routine therapy group (n = 40, RT) in random pair. At the time of admission, a continuous infusion of insulin (2 -4 U/h) was pumped into the patients of IT group to maintain blood glucose level at 6 -8 mmol/L. Patients in RT group were given routine treatment without administration of insulin. Fever, organ injury, and mortality of patients in 2 groups were recorded. Venous blood was drawn from patients of 2 groups on the morning of post treatment day (PTD) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Values of TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-2, and IL-10 in plasma were assayed. Results High fever appeared in 9 patients in IT group, and WBC exceeded 10.0×109 for more than 3 days in 17 patients in this group, versus 20 and 29 patients respectively in RT group. Dysfunction of 1 organ appeared in 31 pa-tients in IT group and 30 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 3 organs appeared in 10 patients in IT group and 19 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 4 organs appeared in 7 patients in IT group and 12 patients in RT group. In IT group, 4 patients died within 3 post-injury day (PID), and 1 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 12.5% ). In RT group, 5 patients died within 3 PID, and 4 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 22.5%). Plasma levels of TNF-α and CRP of patients in IT group were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group on PID 3 - 7 ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ), while levels of IL-2 and IL-10 of patients in IT group were significantly higher than those of patients in RT group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). Plasma levels of TNF-α ( 1.3±0.6 μg/L) and CRP (55±16 mg/L) of patients in IT group on PTD 7 were lowered to the trough level, and they were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group (3.0±0.8μg/L, 89±20 mg/L, respectively, P <0.01 ). Conclusions Intensive insulin therapy can mitigate systemic inflammatory response and improve prognosis of patients with severe trauma.     

胰岛素强化治疗对胃癌手术患者临床结局的影响

目的 研究胰岛素强化治疗对胃癌手术患者临床结局的影响.方法 46例胃癌手术患者随机分为术后胰岛素强化治疗组(n=23,血糖控制在4.4～6.1 mmool/L)和常规治疗组(n=23,血糖控制在10.0～11.1 mmol/L).动态监测比较两组围手术期空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素定量(FINS)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α[(TNF-α)及C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平,并根据稳态模式评估法(HOMA)计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);记录两组患者术后并发症发生情况.结果 两组患者均无低血糖发生,胰岛素强化治疗组术后发热天数、抗生素使用天数、住院天数及并发症发生率均明显低于常规治疗组(P＜0.05);强化治疗组术后1 d、3 d血清InHOMA-IR、IL-6、TNF-α及术后1、3、7 d的CRP均明显低于常规治疗组(P＜0.05).结论 胰岛素强化治疗可拮抗术后机体的高炎状态,抗炎效应可能是胰岛素强化治疗又一改善手术创伤患者预后的重要机制.     

肝门部胆管癌外科治疗分析

目的　研究影响肝门部胆管癌疗效的因素。方法　回顾性分析 1997～ 2 0 0 2年收治的198例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料。结果　 198例的主要临床表现为黄疽 (94 5 % ,187例 )、瘙痒(5 6 6 % ,112例 )和腹痛 (33 8% ,6 7例 )。Bismuth CorletteⅠ型 14例 ,Ⅱ型 19例 ,Ⅲa型 12例 ,Ⅲb型 15例 ,Ⅳ型 112例 ,分型不清楚者 2 6例。手术切除 12 0例 (83 3% ) ,根治性切除 5 9例 (41 0 % ) ,姑息性切除 6 1例 ,剖腹探查胆道置管引流 2 4例 ,ERCP及PTCD内外引流 5 4例。 16例术后行放射治疗。术后生存时间与职业、术前最高血清总胆红素水平、手术方式和术后放疗四个因素显著相关。ENBD、ERBD或EMBE、胆道探查置管引流、肿瘤姑息切除、根治切除不同治疗方式的术后生存时间总体差异有显著意义 (χ2 =87 0 4 89,P <0 0 1)。结论　早期诊断和根治切除是提高肝门部胆管癌疗效的重要措施。     

血红蛋白在外科危重病中的变化及其意义

较低水平组显著缩短[(12±5)d vs. (25±7)d,P<0.001];高水平组的ICU存活率显著高于低水平组(80.0% vs. 61.8%,P=0.036).结论 持续低水平Hgb(≤100 g/L)和提前出现的Hgb浓度谷值提示外科危重患者预后不良.     

间接能量消耗测定技术在腹部外科重症病人中的应用

目的比较外科重症病人间接测热法(indirect calorimetry,IC)与校正Harris-Benedict公式计算的能耗值之间的差异,并且评估接受机械通气的危重症病人能耗水平与疾病严重程度的相关性。方法 2015年2月至2016年10月间进入外科重症监护病房、符合本项研究入选标准的成年危重症病人共24例。24例病人在本研究开始时正在接受机械通气治疗。营养治疗期间收集入选病人急性生理与既往健康状况评分(APACHEⅡ评分)和器官功能不全评分(Marshall评分),以评价其疾病严重程度。营养治疗1周内,每日采用IC测定能耗;同时,由依据疾病严重程度而校正的HarrisBenedict公式计算能耗值,以便比较接受机械通气治疗的外科重症病人能耗测定值与计算值的差异。结果营养治疗1周内,24例病人平均能耗计算值为(8 670.88±1 828.53)k J/d[即(2 072.39±437.03)kcal/d],明显高于平均能耗测定值的(6 683.90±1 981.75)k J/d[即(1 597.49±473.65)kcal/d],两者间差异具有统计学意义(P0.001);营养治疗当天、第1、2、4天的能耗计算值明显高于测定值,其差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。营养治疗1周内,入选病人的能耗计算值与测定值之间无相关性(r=0.048,P=0.565)。另外,营养治疗1周内的能耗测定值与APACHEⅡ评分之间也没有相关性(r=-0.032,P=0.602)。结论接受机械通气的外科重症病人的能耗与疾病严重程度无关;基于病情状态和严重程度而校正的Harris-Benedict公式明显高估了病人实际能耗水平;IC是评价危重症病人能耗水平的标准方法。     

肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗和预后相关因素分析

目的 探讨肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗策略及预后相关因素.方法 对1990年1月至2005年12月144例行手术切除治疗的肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.144例患者中,男性102例,女性42例;年龄36～74岁,平均63岁.根治性切除(R0组)86例(59.7%),镜下切缘阳性(R1组)34例(23.6%),肉眼切缘阳性(R2组)24例(16.7%).R0组和R1组的120例患者中,Bismuth-Corlette分型Ⅰ型28例(23.3%),Ⅱ型49例(40.8%),ⅢA型10例(8.3%),ⅢB型19例(15.8%),Ⅳ型14例(11.7%);TNM分期Ⅰ期19例(15.8%),Ⅱ期80例(66.7%),Ⅲ期16例(13.3%),Ⅳ期5例(4.2%);组织病理学分级:高分化(G1)41例(34.2%),中低分化(G2、G3、G4)79例(65.8%);无淋巴结转移者(N0)62例(51.7%),有淋巴结转移者(N1、N2)58例(48.3%);T1分期42例,T2～3分期78例;无血管侵犯者86例,有血管侵犯者34例.R0组和R1组120例患者均施行伴部分肝切除+区域淋巴结清扫术.结果 中位生存期:R0组46.8个月,R1组18.3个月,R2组11.2个月.生存率:R0组和R1组的120例患者术后1、3、5年总生存率分别为60.2%、36.1%、29.4%,R0组预后好于R1组(P<0.01),R1组预后好于R2组(P=0.031);高分化癌患者预后较好(P=0.003);有淋巴结转移患者预后极差(P<0.01);T1期患者的预后好于T2～3分期患者(P=0.030).有血管侵犯者预后较差(P=0.047).结论 肝门部胆管癌的病理类型、临床分期以及是否行根治性切除是影响预后的主要因素.联合不同范围的肝切除及淋巴结清扫术对提高肝门部胆管癌的根治率和生存率有重要的意义.     

肝门部胆管癌10年外科治疗经验

目的 总结肝门部胆管癌单个治疗组10年外科治疗的经验.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2009年12月第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院收治的1572例肝门部胆管癌患者中,单个治疗组收治的462例患者的临床资料.其中手术治疗314例,非手术治疗148例.对可能影响预后的因素采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析、Log-rank检验以及Cox回归模型分析,不同因素间相关性分析采用X2检验.结果 314例行手术治疗的患者中,237例切除肿瘤,其中R0切除174例、R1切除17例、R2切除46例.91例患者出现各种术后并发症,10例患者术后院内死亡.260例患者获得随访,总体1、3、5年生存率分别为71.7%、32.6%和10.9%;R0切除患者1、3、5年生存率分别为76.9%、48.6%和32.7%,中位生存时间为35个月.R0切除、TNM分期、区域淋巴结转移、肿瘤分化程度是预后的独立影响因素(RR=2.1,1.9,2.2,1.7,P<0.05).结论 根治性切除仍然是肝门部胆管癌治愈的首选方法,术前系统性评估和准备可以提高根治切除率并减少手术并发症.     

直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤的外科治疗及预后

目的探讨直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤的外科治疗及局部复发、预后的影响因素。方法回顾性分析50例直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤患者的临床病理资料,并对预后进行单因素及多因素分析。结果本组47例患者行肿瘤切除术,其中31例行腹会阴联合根治术,16例行肿瘤局部切除术;术后局部复发率分别为16.1%（5/31）和68.8%（11/16）。χ^2检验显示,手术方式与局部复发相关（P=0.001）。47例患者5年生存率18.2%,单因素分析显示,病灶单发（P=0.0458）和肿瘤侵犯深度（P=0.0053）与预后相关。多因素分析显示,肿瘤侵犯深度（P=0.010）是影响预后最主要因素。结论直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤预后差,影响预后最主要的因素是肿瘤侵犯深度,腹会阴联合根治术后复发率低。     

肝门部胆管癌外科治疗中的争议

Since the 1980s, indications for resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma have progressively improved. Operation is superior to any other therapeutic modalities with regard to survival rate and quality of life. Currently, hepatic lobectomy, extended hepatic lobectomy, extrahepatic bile duct resection, regional lymphadenectomy and Roux-en-Y hepatoenteric jejunos-tomy are recommended as the treatment of choice for most patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. However, controversy still remains regarding the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma, including the assessment of longitudinal tumor extension, the evaluation of hepatic reserve function, the value of biliary drainage, the indication of portal vein emboliza-tion, the range of hepatic resection, the contribution of com-bined vascular resection, and the effectiveness of liver transplan-tation. This article summarizes these main issues requiring further investigation.     

New-onset,postoperative tachyarrhythmias in critically ill surgical patients

Tachyarrhythmias in critically ill surgical patients can have varying effects, from minimal consequence to lifetime sequelae. Atrial fibrillation can be common in the post-operative period, often a result of fluctuations in volume status and electrolyte derangements. While there is extensive literature regarding the critically ill medical or cardiac patient, there is less focusing on the critically ill surgical or trauma patient. More specifically, there is minimal regarding tachyarrhythmias in burn patients. The latter population tends to have frequent and wide variations in volume status given initial resuscitation and after major excisions, concomitant with acute blood loss anemia, which can contribute to cardiac disturbances. A literature review was conducted to investigate the incidence and consequences of tachyarrhythmias in critically ill surgical and trauma patients, with a focus on the burn population. While some similarities and conclusions can be drawn between these surgical populations, further inquiry into the unique burn patient is necessary.     

肝门部胆管癌外科治疗的问题与对策

手术切除是目前肝门部胆管癌获得治愈和患者长期生存的惟一希望.肝叶切除、肝外胆管切除、区域性淋巴结清扫以及胆道重建是目前肝门部胆管癌的主要手术方式.由于肿瘤本身具有侵袭性以及缺乏有效的术后辅助治疗方法,即使是在精准外科治疗时代,肝胆外科医师依然面临挑战.在术前可切除性评估和分期、术前胆道引流和门静脉栓塞、肝切除的范围、联合门静脉切除重建、联合肝动脉切除以及淋巴结清扫范围等方面存有诸多争议.本文聚焦肝门部胆管癌外科治疗的相关问题并提出对策.