胍丁胺在几种焦虑动物模型上的药效学评价

目的用行为药理学的研究方法观察胍丁胺(Agmatine,AG)的抗焦虑作用。方法在小鼠明暗穿箱、高架十字迷宫,大鼠Vogle饮水冲突及群居接触等焦虑模型上观察AG的抗焦虑作用。结果在小鼠明暗穿箱模型上,首次发现单次sc给予AG80mg·kg-1,多次sc或ig给予AG20mg·kg-1(qd,共3d),均能显著增加小鼠明暗穿箱次数;在大鼠Vogle饮水冲突模型上,多次(tid)sc或igAG20mg·kg-1,均能显著增加大鼠饮水冲突行为;在大鼠群居接触模型上,ig给予AG10～40mg·kg-1可增加应激条件下大鼠群居主动接触时间,不影响非应激条件下的主动接触时间;显示出明显抗焦虑作用。但在小鼠高架十字迷宫模型上,单次或多次sc给予AG20～120mg·kg-1均未发现抗焦虑作用。结论AG对小、大鼠3个焦虑模型均显示有抗焦虑作用。     

胍丁胺在药物诱发抑郁模型上的药效评价

目的在药物诱发抑郁模型上观察胍丁胺(Agmatine,AG)的抗抑郁作用及可能的作用机制。方法采用小鼠5羟色胺酸(5hydroxytryptophan,5HTP)增强实验,小鼠育亨宾(yohimbine,YOH)毒性增强实验,小鼠阿朴吗啡(apomorphine,APO)诱导体温下降和利血平(reserpine,RES)诱导体温下降实验探讨AG抗抑郁作用及可能的作用环节。用VIDEOMEXV型图像运动解析仪检测小鼠自发活动行为。结果在小鼠5HTP增强实验模型上,单次ig给予AG10～20mg·kg-1剂量,或多次ig给予AG10～80mg·kg-1(qd,连续3d),对5HTP诱导的小鼠甩头行为均具有显著增强作用。在小鼠YOH毒性增强实验模型上,多次ig给予AG10～160mg·kg-1(qd,连续3d),均未见增强YOH毒性作用。在小鼠APO诱导体温下降实验模型上,ig给予AG10～80mg·kg-1(qd,连续7d),对APO16mg·kg-1诱导的降温和AUC0～30均未见显著性的拮抗作用。在小鼠RES诱导体温下降实验模型上,ig给予AG10～80mg·kg-1(qd,连续7d),对RES1mg·kg-1诱导的降温和AUC0～6均有显著的拮抗作用。小鼠ig给予AG10～80mg·kg-1(qd,连续3d)对自发活动无显著性改变。结论AG在药理学抑郁模型有显著的抗抑郁活性。并且其抗抑郁活性与增强5羟色胺(5HT)神经系统功能有关,而与去甲肾上腺素能(NE)神经功能无关。AG在抗抑郁有效剂量范围内无中枢兴奋或抑制性作用。     

神经性N受体拮抗剂在胆碱酯酶抑制剂类神经毒剂中毒救治中作用

目的　评价神经性N受体拮抗剂在胆碱酯酶抑制剂类神经毒中毒时的作用。方法　胆碱酯酶抑制剂氧化乐果在30mg·kg-1po中毒剂量 (1.2个致死剂量 ,1.2LD)下 ,可诱发全部的受试昆明种小鼠死亡。给予氧化乐果前 10min ,预先腹腔注射给予小鼠不同剂量的受试药物 ,观察 2 4h小鼠的存活率。结果　下述三类抗毒剂均可部分对抗中毒效应。其中 ,神经性N受体拮抗剂美加明在 0 .1～ 0 .5mg·kg-1ip剂量范围内 ,动物存活率在 30 %以内 ;M受体拮抗剂硫酸阿托品在 0 .6 2 5～ 5 .0mg·kg-1ip剂量范围内 ,动物存活率最大可达 80 % ;胆碱酯酶重活化剂氯磷定 10mg·kg-1ip动物存活率为 2 7%。美加明有效抗中枢N受体功能的剂量 (0 .1mg·kg-1ip)下 ,可显著增强硫酸阿托品抗毒效应 ;但当美加明剂量过高 ,可产生外周N受体阻断作用时 ,不增强硫酸阿托品抗毒效应。美加明、硫酸阿托品和氯磷定联合应用可产生明确的协同效应 ,其中 ,氯磷定在 10mg·kg-1ip常规用药剂量下 ,美加明 (0 .1mg·kg-1)和硫酸阿托品 (1.0mg·kg-1)联合时 ,中毒动物存活率可达 10 0 %。结论　神经性N受体拮抗剂不仅可直接对抗胆碱酯酶抑制剂类神经毒的中毒效应 ,而且可协同M受体的抗毒效应     

泽泻提取物对链脲佐菌素高血糖小鼠的治疗和保护作用

目的　观察泽泻水提醇沉提取物 (RAE)对链脲佐菌素 (STZ)糖尿病小鼠的治疗和保护作用。方法　①给小鼠腹腔注射STZ 15 0mg·kg-1造成糖尿病动物模型。igRAE 1.5、3.0g·kg-1,分别于给药前和给药后 1、2和 5h测定血糖 ;连续治疗 15d后测血糖和血脂。②连续igRAE 1.5、3.0g·kg-13d ,再ipSTZ 10 5mg·kg-1,并继续治疗 3d ,用放免法测血清胰岛素 ,取胰腺在光镜下观察胰岛组织学变化。结果　RAE治疗给药可明显降低STZ糖尿病小鼠的血糖和甘油三酯。防治给药可明显对抗STZ诱发的血糖升高及胰岛组织学改变 ,并能升高血清胰岛素水平。结论　RAE对STZ糖尿病小鼠有明显的治疗和保护作用。     

尼莫地平对老龄大鼠性激素分泌的影响

目的 :探讨尼莫地平对老龄大鼠性激素分泌的影响。方法 :1 8月龄Wistar大鼠灌胃给予尼莫地平 3月后 ,检测下丘脑 -垂体 -性腺轴各组织内丙二醛含量以及血浆雌二醇 (E2 )、睾酮 (T)水平。结果 :9mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 组和 2 7mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 组雌性大鼠血浆E2 水平接近 1 2月龄组大鼠 (P >0 .0 5) ,雄性大鼠血浆T水平也较同龄对照组显著升高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;生殖腺轴组织内MDA的含量显著降低 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,其中下丘脑MDA水平接近 1 2月龄对照组 (P >0 .0 5)。结论 :尼莫地平对老龄大鼠生殖功能有改善作用 ,其机制可能与抗脂质过氧化物有关。     

胍丁胺抗抑郁作用的研究

目的　本研究观察了胍丁胺 (agmatine,AG)的抗抑郁作用 ,并初步探讨其可能的作用机理。方法与结果　在小鼠悬尾实验及强迫游泳实验中 ,首次发现灌胃给予AG 4 0 ,80mg·kg-1或皮下注射 2 0mg·kg-1可以显著缩短悬尾或强迫游泳不动时间。同样 ,AG 10mg·kg-1灌胃或皮下注射 1.2 5～ 5mg·kg-1显著缩短大鼠强迫游泳不动时间。MTT比色法及LDH法的研究表明 ,AG1～ 10 0 μmol·L-1,去甲丙米嗪 (DIM)及NMDA受体拮抗剂MK80 1均可以对抗NMDA 30 0 μmol·L-1诱导的PC12细胞损伤。同时运用fura- 2 /AM荧光标记法发现 ,AG 1,10 μmol·L-1或DIM 1,5 μmol·L-1均减轻NMDA 2 0 0 μmol·L-1诱导的PC12细胞内Ca2 + 超载。结论　AG具有明确的抗抑郁作用 ,抑制NMDA诱导的细胞损伤并减弱细胞内Ca2 + 超载可能是其抗抑郁作用机理之一。     

芫花根总黄酮对小鼠细胞免疫功能的调节作用

目的　探讨芫花根总黄酮对小鼠细胞免疫功能的调节作用。方法　以小鼠迟发性超敏反应、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞IL 1的分泌、小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖和IL 2生成 ,以及小鼠Ts细胞亚群等指标评价芫花根总黄酮对小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响。结果剂量为 12 .5～ 5 0mg·kg-1·d-1的芫花根总黄酮 ,对环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠免疫功能的增强和减弱均有显著的下调和提升作用 ;浓度为 12 5～ 5 0 0 μg·ml-1的芫花根总黄酮 ,可促进腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL 1;剂量为 3.12 5～ 2 5mg·kg-1·d-1的芫花根总黄酮 ,可显著促进ConA诱导的小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖、IL 2的分泌 ,并呈剂量依赖性的量效关系 ;单独使用 2 5～ 5 0mg·kg-1·d-1的芫花根总黄酮 ,可显著减弱超适量 2 ,4 -二硝基氯苯诱导的小鼠的免疫耐受 ,与环磷酰胺合用能增强超适量 2 ,4 -二硝基氯苯引起的小鼠免疫耐受。结论　芫花根总黄酮对小鼠的细胞免疫功能具有调节作用。     

口服乙烷-1-羟基-1,1-二膦酸酯可以减小经口铀中毒的毒性

核燃料开采、制造、净化过程中的工人有铀化合物中毒的职业危险 ,铀化合物污染的水和食物对公众有危险 ,通过经皮下或腹膜内注射乙烷 - 1-羟基 - 1,1-二膦酸酯 (EHBP)可以减小铀的毒性。本研究的目的是验证口服 EHBP是否能减小单纯经口硝酸双氧铀中毒的毒性。方法 :将 2 0 0只 Balb- c雄性小鼠分为 9个实验组 ,每组2 0只。 5个组用胃管灌食法给予 35 0 mg· kg- 1硝酸双氧铀 ,其中 4个组给药后 2 0 min,用胃管灌食法再给予 EHBP(35 0、5 0 0或 70 0· mgkg- 1 )或通过皮下注射 EHBP(5 0 mg· kg- 1 ) ,有 1个组没有用 EHBP治疗 ;另…     

抗SARS-CoV免疫球蛋白的安全性评价

目的　评价抗SARS CoV免疫球蛋白治疗性抗体的安全性。方法　观察抗SARS CoV免疫球蛋白对小鼠和Beagle狗的急性毒性 ,对家兔红细胞的体外溶血作用和对兔耳血管的刺激性作用。结果　抗SARS CoV免疫球蛋白静脉注射对小鼠的最大耐受量为大于 130 0mg·kg-1,对Beagle狗的最大耐受量为大于 2 6 0mg·kg-1。抗SARS CoV免疫球蛋白 (5 .2mg·ml-1)未见体外溶血和红细胞粘集反应 ,也未见明显血管刺激性。结论　抗SARS CoV免疫球蛋白对动物是安全的。     

糖尿病及冠心病患者血清硫酸脱氢表雄酮测定的临床意义

目的　探讨硫酸脱氢表雄酮 (DHEAS)在糖尿病及冠心病发病中的临床意义。方法　采用磁分离酶联免疫法测定了 115例糖尿病患者和 2 95例冠心病患者的血清DHEAS水平。结果　糖尿病组及冠心病组DHEAS均明显低于对照组 ,差异有极显著性。结论　DHEAS在冠心病及糖尿病发病中可能起着一定的作用 ,但确切作用机制尚需进一步研究。     

DHEA对放、化疗损伤造血功能保护作用的实验研究

目的：研究17aα-D-高炔雌二醇-3-乙酯（DHEA）对137Csγ射线和环磷酰胺（CTX）所致小鼠造血及免疫功能损伤的保护作用。方法分别用8．0 Gy 137Csγ射线和CTX建立C57BL/6小鼠动物模型,观察DHEA低、中、高3个剂量对两个模型小鼠的造血干细胞脾结节形成细胞（CFU-S）数、外周血WBC、骨髓有核细胞数、脾脏指数的影响。结果 DHEA各组对小鼠137Csγ射线照射所致的外周血WBC、CFU-S数、骨髓有核细胞数的降低具有保护作用,并增大了脾脏指数。DHEA各组对环磷酰胺引起的小鼠WBC、CFU-S数、骨髓有核细胞数降低有抑制作用。结论 DHEA能减轻辐射和环磷酰胺对小鼠造血系统的损伤。     

The prediction of thriving in elite sport: A prospective examination of the role of psychological need satisfaction,challenge appraisal,and salivary biomarkers

ObjectivesTo examine (i) whether levels of, and changes in, athletes’ basic psychological need satisfaction (BPNS) and challenge appraisals predicted in-match thriving; and (ii) if salivary biomarkers could be defined that were related to thriving.DesignProspective study design.MethodsFifty-one elite male hockey players (M_age = 24.94 years, SD_age = 4.73) completed questionnaires measuring their BPNS and challenge appraisals on seven consecutive days prior to a competitive match, as well as providing saliva samples immediately on waking, and then +0.5, +3, and +5.25 h on the day of the match. Saliva was assayed for catabolic (i.e., cortisol) and anabolic (i.e., dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]) hormones. In-match thriving was assessed retrospectively using measures of subjective performance and well-being.ResultsLatent growth curve modelling showed pre-match levels of BPNS and challenge appraisals to positively predict thriving. Although not statistically significant, small and moderate negative associations were found for thriving with cortisol concentration (+5.25 h sample) and total cortisol exposure across the morning of the match, respectively. DHEA concentration shared a small positive, yet non-significant, association with thriving.ConclusionsAthletes’ pre-match levels of BPNS and challenge appraisal predict in-match thriving; thus, offering potential mechanisms through which both high-level performance and the experience of well-being can be facilitated. Furthermore, associations suggest that total cortisol exposure across the morning of the match, and cortisol and DHEA levels in pre-match samples may offer sport science and sports medicine practitioners potential biomarkers for thriving. Future research is required to substantiate this initial finding.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.