2-乙酰噻吩及其新型席夫碱的合成

以磷钨酸为催化剂,噻吩和乙酸酐反应合成了2-乙酰噻吩(1,收率83.5%);1与不同结构的酰肼反应合成了四种新型席夫碱(2a～2d),收率90%～95%,其结构经UV,~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR,IR及元素分析表征.优化了合成1和2的反应条件.     

基于K2S2O8-KOH体系合成羟基葫芦[6]脲的研究

基于已报道的以葫芦脲-过硫酸钾体系的羟基葫芦脲合成反应,本文研究了加入KOH对原体系的影响,在优化的反应条件下,可以较理想的产率(27%)得到目标产物。产物的结构经~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和HR-ESI-MS进行确证。     

3,3,3-三氟丙酸的合成

3,3,3-三氟丙酸是一种新型三氟甲基合成切块,在医药、农药、染料及功能材料等精细化工领域有着广泛的应用。以3,3,3-三氟-1-氯丙烷和Cl_2为原料,在紫外光照下经氯化反应合成了3,3,3-三氟-1,1,1-三氯丙烷,再与Oleum试剂经水解反应合成了3,3,3-三氟丙酸,收率47.7%,其结构经~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR和MS确证。并对反应条件进行了优化。     

合成伏格列波糖的工艺改进

对合成伏格列波糖的工艺进行了改进。以葡萄糖为起始原料,经12步反应合成了伏格列波糖,总收率25.3%,其结构经1H NMR和13C NMR确证。     

6-溴-3-氧代二氢吲哚-2-羧酸甲酯的合成

吲哚类衍生物是一种应用广泛的医药化工中间体。6-溴-3-氧代二氢吲哚-2-羧酸甲酯的合成方法目前无文献报道,本研究以2-氨基-4-溴苯甲酸为起始原料,经酯化、取代、环合3步反应首次合成目标产物,并对其工艺进行了优化,目标化合物的结构经~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和MS确证。该路线具有成本低、收率高、副产物少及操作简单等优点,适合工业化生产。总收率为64.30%。     

Phebalosin的全合成

以间苯二酚和D,L-苹果酸为原料,经Pechmann反应、Reimer-Tiemann反应、Darzens缩合反应及Wittig反应合成了Phebalosin,总收率1.3%,其结构经~1H NMR和~(13)C NMR表征.     

达沙替尼的合成工艺改进

以3-乙氧基丙烯酰氯为起始原料,经酰化、环合及亲核取代反应合成靶向药物达沙替尼,总收率60.1％,纯度99.5%,其结构经^1H NMR确证。对合成工艺进行了优化,总收率由50.2％提高至60.1％。     

2-甲基-3-丙烷磺内酯的合成工艺改进

对2-甲基-1,3-丙烷磺内酯(4)的合成工艺进行了改进。以甲代丙烯醇为原料,经加成、酸化和环化反应合成了4,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR及MS表征,总收率64.8%。     

维布妥昔单抗关键中间体的合成工艺优化

本研究对维布妥昔单抗关键中间体(1)的合成工艺进行了改进与优化。以芴甲氧羰基-L-缬氨酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(2)为起始原料,先后经酯的氨解反应、酰胺化、Fmoc脱保护、酰胺化与酯交换反应制得目标产品1,总收率11.6%,纯度99.2%,产物结构经1H NMR, 13C NMR和HRMS表征。优化后的工艺路线具有反应条件温和、可操作性强、生产过程更安全的特点。在初步放大试验中,首步投料量达百克级别,并已完成三批工艺验证,适合于工业化生产。     

2-羟基-4-甲基苯磺酸的合成工艺

2-羟基-4-甲基苯磺酸是合成内皮素拮抗剂UK-350,926的重要中间体。本文以4-氯-3-甲基苯酚为起始原料,经磺化和氢解两步反应得到目标化合物,并对其单晶结构进行了研究,其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR和X-ray单晶衍射确证。经优化后的工艺原料易得、操作简单、反应时间短且收率较高,适合工业化生产,反应总收率80.1%。     

Comparison of pre-irradiation and mutual grafting of 2-chloroacrylonitrile on cellulose by gamma-irradiation

Radiation-induced graft polymerization is one of the best methods for obtaining materials with new properties. In this work, radiation grafting of 2-chloroacrylonitrile to cellulose by mutual and pre-irradiation grafting methods was investigated. The grafting yield was enhanced by applying the emulsion grafting method. The grafting yield determined in the above systems was observed as 27% at highest and 6% at lowest. The effects of concentration of monomer, reaction time and reaction temperature on grafting yield were studied. Evidence of grafting has been based on the comparative studies of cellulose and grafted cellulose by infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and contact angle measurement. Grafting enhances thermal stability of cellulose backbone.     

固定化脂肪酶催化高酸废油脂酯交换生产生物柴油

 探讨了固定化脂肪酶Novozym 435催化高酸废油脂与乙酸甲酯酯交换生产生物柴油. Novozym 435能催化高酸废油脂与乙酸甲酯的酯交换反应,反应24 h后甲酯产率为77.5%,但该值大大低于以精制玉米油为原料时的甲酯产率(86.2%). 系统研究了反应体系中的水、游离脂肪酸和乙酸对反应的影响. 当反应体系中的水含量低于0.05%时,水对酶反应速率和甲酯产率影响甚小,而水含量高于0.05%时,酶反应速率和甲酯产率随着水含量的增加而降低. 游离脂肪酸对反应有较大影响,甲酯产率随着游离脂肪酸含量的增加而急剧下降. 乙酸甲酯与游离脂肪酸反应产生的副产物乙酸是导致甲酯产率显著下降的原因. 在反应体系中添加适量(油重的10%)的有机碱三羟甲基氨基甲烷或三乙胺可有效提高酶促高酸废油脂的酯交换反应速率和甲酯产率,使反应12 h后的甲酯产率分别达到85.9%和80.8%; 碱的加入还提高了酶的操作稳定性,添加有机碱三羟甲基氨基甲烷或三乙胺可使反应10批次后Novozym 435的相对酶活力分别由对照值86%提高到97%和93%.     

高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法分析原花青素降解产物及副产物

利用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法(HPLC-DAD)研究了不同含水量、不同样品浓度及不同反应时间对原花青素降解(正丁醇/HCl法)产物花青定及反应副产物的影响.木榄花样品经70%丙酮溶液提取,利用Sephadex LH-20柱纯化后得到原花青素样品.配制不同含水量和不同样品浓度的反应溶液,充分震荡后进行正丁醇/HCl法降解.用HPLC-DAD分析不同实验条件下得到的反应产物及副产物.结果表明,反应体系在含水量5%～15%的条件下,转化产物随着反应体系含水量的增加,花青定的转化率也随之增加,副产物的转化率却随之减少,总转化率(即花青定加上副产物的总转化量)呈增加趋势;在反应体系含水量大于15%时,随含水量的增加,转化产物含量呈现下降的趋势;增加反应体系中样品含量并没有明显增加转化产物的转化率,副产物的转化率相对稳定;不同反应时间处理得到的转化产物经HPLC-DAD分析并未发现转化产物花青定和副产物表现出明显的变化规律,总转化率相对稳定.     

Preparation and utilization of perillyl acetate

Perillyl acetate is a fragrance compound that was prepared by the reaction of β-pinenoxide with acetic anhydride and using acetic acid as an acid catalyst. Several selected catalysts were tested (homogenous: phosphoric acid, boric acid, acetic acid, and citric acid; heterogeneous: zeolite USY, SSA, and montmorillonite K-10) and the reaction conditions optimized for this reaction. The yield 78.7 % of perillyl acetate was obtained. Mayol (4-isopropylcyclohexylmethanol), a valuable fragrance compound, was further obtained by a two-step synthesis from perillyl acetate. Firstly, perillyl acetate was saponified to perillyl alcohol. The yield of alcohol was 94.4 %. The last step of the entire preparation was the hydrogenation of perillyl alcohol to Mayol. The yield of the desired product of this reaction was 94.6 %.     

2-氨基-4-氟吡啶合成工艺研究

2-氨基-4-氟吡啶是制备酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、PI3K抑制剂和醛固酮合酶抑制剂等酶抑制剂的重要中间体。已报道的制备方法均存在一些缺陷,难以满足工业化生产。本文以4-氯吡啶-2-甲酰胺为原料,经酰胺脱水、卤素交换、氰基水解、霍夫曼降解等反应得到目标化合物。产物结构经1H NMR和GC-MS确证。本文采用的合成方法简单、反应条件温和、产物收率及纯度高,总收率达48.5%,GC纯度达到99.5%以上,适合工业化生产。     

Understanding the effect of synthesis parameters on the catalytic ionic liquid hydrolysis process of cellulose nanocrystals

Conventional production of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) normally encounters several problems including high energy consumption, toxicity and corrosion risk. Implementation of green solvent ionic liquid (IL) is an alternative to this conventional method. Production of CNC is known to be influenced by several factors such as reaction time and temperature. However, limited studies on the regeneration yield and other properties of CNC produced at both variables can be found. In this paper, CNC with desirable yield, crystallinity and particle size has been produced under catalytic hydrolysis process of IL. Two different parameters have been studied which are reaction temperature and time. It was found that, CNC with particle size of 9 nm and 73% crystallinity index has been produced at 30 min reaction time. Meanwhile, 100 °C reaction temperature manages to produce CNC with 90% yield and 76% crystallinity. In conclusion, reaction temperature and time affect the yield and thermal properties of hydrolysis process.     

脂肪酶直接与硅胶混合催化无溶剂酯化反应的研究

用硅胶作为载体，以癸酸与己醇的酯化反应作为模型，将脂肪酶和底物直接与硅胶混合，用于无溶剂体系催化酯化反应．结果表明体系中水的含量、底物用量比以及反应时间均对酯化反应有较大影响．在该体系中，脂肪酶催化酯合成反应的速度显著增加，反应2h后．转化率可以达到90％以上．而且沉积在硅胶上的脂肪酶可以反复使用多次．     

化学酶法合成光学纯亮氨酸

用化学酶法合成L-亮氨酸，先在PdCl2/PPh3/LiBr/H2SO4催化体系作用下，异戊醛酰胺羰基化合成消旋的N-乙酰基亮氨酸；然后在酰基转移酶催化下水解，得到L-亮氨酸和N-乙酰基-D-亮氨酸．文中对酰胺羰基化反应条件进行了优化，分离得到消旋N-乙酰基亮氨酸产率为66．4％．经酶对映选择地水解后得L-亮氨酸，产率为41％，产物L-亮氨酸经衍生化后由气相色谱测定其光学纯度达99％ee．     

用嗜热菌蛋白酶催化合成天冬甜精并同时进行DL-苯丙氨酸甲酯的光学拆分

以DL-苯丙氨酸甲酯作原料,利用嗜热菌蛋白酶和固定化嗜热菌蛋白酶催化合成了天冬甜精,经拆分得到D-苯丙氨酸甲酯。实验结果表明,不仅天冬甜精产率高,而且D-苯丙氨酸甲酯的回收率好,光学纯度高。     

Enzymatic Promiscuity： Escherichia coli BioH Esterase-catalysed Aldol Reaction and Knoevenagel Reaction

Esterase BioH,which is obligatory for biotin synthesis in Escherichia coli,was found to exhibit a promiscuous ability to catalyse Aldol and Knoevenagel reactions with moderate to good yields.The reaction conditions including organic solvent,molar ratio of ketone to aldehyde,enzyme amount,and reaction time were investigated to evaluate the effect of different reaction conditions on yield.Target compounds were afforded in the best yield of 91.2％ for Aldol reaction and 54.7％ for Knoevenagel reaction.In addition,because the enzyme could be prepared with a low cost,this protocol could provide an economic route to conduct Aldol and Knoevenagel reactions,which expand the field of enzymatic promiscuity.