慢性肾脏病患者骨质疏松与肌少症性肥胖关系

目的 探讨慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)患者骨质疏松与肌少症性肥胖的关系.方法 收集2017年9月至2018年9月在福建省立医院肾内科和内分泌科住院的CKD患者,共123例为实验组;并将实验组患者以是否合并肌少症和/或肥胖,分为正常组、仅肌少症组、仅肥胖组、肌少症性肥胖组,共4个亚组.选择同期57例来自本院体检中心的健康志愿者为对照组.应用双能X线骨密度仪(dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)检测腰椎、髋关节骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)T值及体质成分,计算出相对四肢骨骼肌质量指数(relative appendicular skeletal muscle index,RASMI);采用握力器评估肌肉强度、六米步速评估肌肉功能.比较对照组和实验组各亚组间各部位的BMD T值以及实验组各亚组间骨质疏松发生率.结果 CKD伴肌少症性肥胖患者各部位BMD T值均低于CKD正常组和对照组患者(腰椎:t肌少症性肥胖组-对照组=1.473,P肌少症性肥胖组-对照组=0.001;t肌少症性肥胖组-正常组=1.235,P肌少症性肥胖组-正常组=0.014.髋部:t肌少症性肥胖组-对照组=1.439,P肌少症性肥胖组-对照组<0.050;t肌少症性肥胖组-正常组=1.307,P肌少症性肥胖组-正常组<0.050.股骨颈:t肌少症性肥胖组-对照组=1.429,P肌少症性肥胖组-对照组=0.002;t肌少症性肥胖组-正常组=1.313,P肌少症性肥胖组-正常组=0.027);CKD伴肌少症性肥胖者罹患骨质疏松的概率明显高于CKD正常组患者(χ2=19.940,P肌少症性肥胖组-正常组<0.05),但仅稍高于CKD伴仅肥胖或仅肌少症患者.结论 CKD伴肌少症性肥胖者罹患骨质疏松风险高.     

老年人肌少症患病情况调查及其与老年衰弱综合征的相关性分析

目的 调查成都市成华区某社区老年人肌少症患病情况并分析其与老年衰弱综合征的关系。方法 选取成都市成华区某社区586例老年人为研究对象,对其进行老年综合评估,包括一般资料调查、人体测量(身高、体质量、握力、步速、骨骼肌等)和衰弱筛查量表调查。评估肌少症及老年衰弱综合征发生情况,分析肌少症与老年衰弱综合征的关系。结果 83例被诊断为肌少症,肌少症患病率为14.98%。肌少症组与正常组的性别、受教育程度、吸烟、饮酒及基础疾病情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与正常组相比,肌少症组年龄60～74岁者比率更低,75～84岁及≥85岁者比率更高,老年衰弱综合征发生率更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与正常组比较,肌少症组的握力、步速、四肢骨骼肌量及四肢骨骼肌指数(ASMI)更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、老年衰弱综合征均是肌少症的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 成都市成华区某社区老年人肌少症的患病率较高,肌少症与老年衰弱综合征的发生密切相关。     

机械通气病人肌少症发生风险及其与病情和预后的相关性

目的:探讨机械通气病人肌少症风险及其与病情和预后的相关性。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年4月我院行机械通气病人175例作为研究对象，使用生物电阻分析仪测定四肢骨骼肌指数（ASMI）评估肌肉容量，并根据是否发生肌少症分为发生组和未发生组。比较两组临床特征、病情情况，采用Pearson相关分析探讨机械通气病人肌少症与病情的关系；以病人住院期间死亡率评估预后情况，同时绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析肌少症与预后间的相关性。结果:175例病人中，53例（30.29%）出现肌少症归为发生组，其余122例归为未发生组；发生组入院时急性生理及慢性健康状况评分系统（APACHEⅡ）评分较未发生组高，ASMI较未发生组低（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示，机械通气病人ASMI与APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关（r=-0.781;P<0.001）；住院期间36例病人死亡，ROC曲线显示，ASMI预测机械通气病人预后的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.827(0.763,0.880)，特异度为69.44%，敏感度为87.77%，约登指数为0.572。结论:机械通气病人肌少症患病率较...     

肥胖及腹型肥胖人群的血清游离脂肪酸水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系研究

目的探讨肥胖及腹型肥胖人群的游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平及糖脂代谢情况,研究肥胖患者FFA与胰岛素抵抗(IR)状态形成的关系。方法按体质量指数(BMI)将560例患者分为肥胖组(BMI≥25kg/m2)及BMI正常对照组(18kg/m2≤BMI25kg/m2),并通过腰围(WC)将BMI正常对照组分为BMI正常非腹型肥胖组和BMI正常腹型肥胖(男WC≥85cm;女WC≥80cm)两个亚组,测量各组身高、体质量、腰围,计算BMI;同时测定血清FFA、脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]、胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、血糖(GLU)、C肽(CP)、胰岛素(INS)等指标。将各组指标进行比较及相关性分析。结果肥胖组血清FFA水平明显高于BMI正常对照组(P0.01);BMI正常非腹型肥胖组血清FFA水平明显高于BMI正常腹型肥胖组(P0.01);采用Spearman相关分析显示,正常对照组的血清FFA水平与LP(a)、INS呈正相关,BMI正常的腹型肥胖组血清FFA水平与BMI、LP(a)、TG、CP、INS呈正相关,肥胖组的血清FFA水平与BMI、LP(a)、TG、LDL-C、CP、INS呈正相关。结论血清FFA是肥胖及腹型肥胖患者体内参与IR的重要环节及因素。     

骨质疏松患者骨密度与血糖、血脂及血尿酸水平的相关性分析

摘要：目的 探究骨质疏松患者骨密度与血糖、血脂及血尿酸水平的相关性。方法 回顾性纳入在我院进行体检的132例研究对象的临床资料,选例时间为2016年3月至2021年1月,按照测定的股骨颈BMD的T值分为骨量正常组50例,骨量减少组45例,骨质疏松组37例。所有受检者均进行双能X线骨密度仪检查,比较三组受检者监测指标、股骨颈BMD和血清UA、GLU、LDL-C水平的相关性。结果 骨量减少组、骨质疏松组股骨颈BMD、股骨颈T值均低于骨量正常组,股骨颈T值骨质疏松组低于骨量减少组（P<0.05）,股骨颈BMD骨质疏松组低于骨量减少组（P>0.05）;骨量减少组、骨质疏松组血清UA、LDL-C水平均高于骨量正常组,骨质疏松组高于骨量减少组（P<0.05）;骨量减少组血清TC、GLU水平均高于骨量正常组,血清GLU骨质疏松组高于骨量正常组（P>0.05）,骨质疏松组血清TC、GLU水平均高于骨量正常组,血清TC骨质疏松组高于骨量减少组（P<0.05）。骨质疏松患者血清UA、GLU、LDL-C水平和股骨颈BMD呈负相关（r=-0.504、-0.330、-0.218,P<0.05）。结论 骨质疏松患者股骨颈BMD与血清UA、GLU、LDL-C水平具有负相关性,其水平升高可作为骨质疏松患者BMD下降的诊断依据。     

基于定量CT分析不同性别腰椎骨密度和血脂的相关性

目的 采用定量CT（QCT）测量腰椎骨密度（BMD）,探讨不同性别腰椎BMD与血脂的相关性。方法 选取670名接受体检的中老年人,男341名,女329名,计算体质量指数（BMI）;空腹采集静脉血检测总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）;使用QCT进行腰椎BMD测量,根据其结果分为骨量正常组、骨量减低组及骨质疏松组,分析3组不同性别腰椎BMD的差异及腰椎BMD与各血脂参数的相关性。以腰椎BMD为因变量,男性和女性差异有统计学意义的参数为自变量,进行多元线性回归分析。结果 男性骨量减低组TC和LDL-C均高于骨量正常组（P均<0.05）;女性骨质疏松组及骨量减低组TC高于骨量正常组,骨量减低组LDL-C高于骨量正常组（P均<0.05）。男性腰椎BMD与年龄、BMI及HDL-C均呈负相关（P均<0.05）,女性腰椎BMD与年龄、TC、TG及LDL-C均呈负相关（P均<0.05）。多元线性回归结果显示年龄是导致中老年人腰椎BMD下降的危险性因素。结论 血脂异常与中老年腰椎BMD下降存在相关性,年龄是导致中老年人腰椎BMD下降的危险性因素。     

2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松患者血清PINP与β-CTx含量变化

目的 探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并骨质疏松患者血清I型胶原氨基端肽原（procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide,PINP）和β-异构C-端肽（betaisomerized Ctelopeptide,β-CTx)的变化及意义。 方法 采用电化学发光法测定60例T2DM患者（其中合并及无合并骨质疏松者各30例）及30例健康对照者血清PINP和β-CTx,并对性别、年龄、骨密度（BMD）、体质指数(BMI)、空腹胰岛素(FIns)、血清雌二醇（E2）、钙（Ca）、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)等指标进行比较。 结果 T2DM合并骨质疏松组PINP水平高于无骨质疏松及对照组(P均<0.05), 而T2DM无骨质疏松组PINP与对照组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。合并骨质疏松组βCTx高于无骨质疏松组(P<0.05)及对照组(P<0.01),且无骨质疏松组β-CTx也高于对照组(P<0.05)。合并骨质疏松患者血清PINP与BMD呈负相关(r=-0.402),与ALP呈正相关（r=0.270）;β-CTx与BMD、E2呈负相关(r=-0.457,r=-0.385),与ALP呈正相关（r=0.362）,P值均＜0.05。 结论 T2DM合并骨质疏松患者与PINP、β-CTx水平升高有一定关系,二者与其他指标联合检测可为T2DM患者发生骨质疏松的早期诊断和病情监测提供帮助。     

血清脂质代谢指标水平、内脏脂肪面积与糖代谢异常合并肥胖的相关性研究

目的探讨血清脂质代谢指标[总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]水平、内脏脂肪面积(VFA)与糖代谢异常合并肥胖的相关性。方法选取2019年2-10月就诊于该院内分泌科的1243例2型糖尿病患者纳入研究,根据是否合并肥胖分为糖代谢异常合并肥胖组(725例)和糖代谢异常不合并肥胖组(518例),以性别、年龄、烟酒史为配对因素选取相匹配的同期于该院体检中心体检的66例糖代谢正常的肥胖成人作为糖代谢正常合并肥胖组,66例体检健康的成人作为糖代谢正常不合并肥胖组。比较4组人群的临床特征及生化指标,分析糖代谢异常合并肥胖患者各指标的相关性,不同脂质代谢指标水平和VFA发生糖代谢异常合并肥胖的趋势,以曲线下面积(AUC)评估脂质代谢指标和VFA对糖代谢异常合并肥胖的预测价值。结果4组人群间收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、体质量指数(BMI)、VFA、空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C和尿酸比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);TC、TG和LDL-C水平与BMI、FBG、HbA1c、VFA呈正相关,HDL-C水平与BMI、FBG、HbA1c、VFA呈负相关(P<0.05);VFA水平与BMI、FBG、HbA1c呈正相关(P<0.05);随着TC、TG、LDL-C水平和VFA的增加,糖代谢异常合并肥胖的相对危险度(RR)值呈升高的线性趋势,随着HDL-C降低,糖代谢异常合并肥胖的RR呈升高的线性趋势(P<0.05);TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C和VFA预测糖代谢异常合并肥胖的AUC分别为0.736、0.778、0.752、0.754、0.773。结论血清脂质代谢指标水平、VFA与糖代谢异常合并肥胖有关,可作为糖代谢异常患者肥胖预测和代谢状态监控的指标。     

肌少症训练综合干预应用于老年轻型急性缺血性脑卒中患者的效果观察

目的探讨肌少症训练综合干预应用于老年轻型急性缺血性脑卒中患者的效果。方法将鹤壁市人民医院2018年7月至2020年12月123例老年轻型急性缺血性脑卒中患者按照计算机分组法分为对照组61例,给予常规康复训练干预,观察组62例在对照组基础上给予肌少症训练综合干预,对比两组骨骼肌厚度和指数、认知功能以及肌少症发生情况。结果干预后,观察组肱二头肌、胫前屈肌厚度以及骨骼肌质量指数(ASMI)水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组蒙特利尔认知量表(MoCA)和简易智力状态量表(MMSE)分值均高于对照组(P<0.001);观察组肌少症发生率(4.84%)低于对照组(18.03%),P<0.05。结论肌少症训练综合干预应用于老年轻型急性缺血性脑卒中患者可调节骨骼肌厚度和ASMI,改善认知功能且能减少肌少症发生。     

基于腰椎定量CT分析强直性脊柱炎合并肌少症危险因素

目的 基于腰椎定量CT(QCT)分析强直性脊柱炎(AS)合并肌少症的危险因素。方法 前瞻性纳入100例AS患者(AS组)及100名健康体检者(对照组),行腰椎QCT检查；测量并计算腰椎骨密度(BMD)、L3骨骼肌面积(SMA)、椎后肌群肌肉面积(MA)、椎后肌群脂肪面积(FA)、椎后肌群脂肪浸润(MFI)程度及竖脊肌CT脂肪百分数(CTFF),根据L3骨骼肌指数(SMI)将AS组分为肌少症亚组(n=26)和非肌少症亚组(n=74)。以Pearson或Spearman相关分析观察AS组病程、体质量指数(BMI)、腰椎BMD、椎后肌群MFI及竖脊肌CTFF与L3 SMI的相关性；构建多因素logistic回归模型，分析影响AS合并肌少症的独立因素。结果 AS组腰椎BMD、L3 SMI及椎后肌群MA均低于对照组(P均<0.05),而椎后肌群FA、MFI及竖脊肌CTFF均高于对照组(P均<0.05)。肌少症亚组BMI及腰椎BMD均低于非肌少症亚组(P均<0.05),而病程、椎后肌群MFI及竖脊肌CTFF均高于非肌少症亚组(P均<0.05)。AS组BMI及腰椎BMD均与L...     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.