Precision Mass Measurements of Short-lived Nuclides at the Heavy-ion Storage Ring in Lanzhou

Recent commissioning of the Cooler Storage Ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou enabled us to conduct high-precision mass measurements at the Institute of Modern Physics in Lanzhou (IMP). In the past few years, mass measurements were performed using the CSRe-based isochronous mass spectrometry employing the fragmentation of the energetic beams of 58Ni, 78Kr, 86Kr, and 112Sn projectiles. Masses of short-lived nuclides on both sides of the stability valley were addressed. Relative mass precision of down to 10−6 ~ 10−7 is routinely achieved. The mass values were used as an input for dedicated nuclear structure and astrophysics studies, providing for instance new insights into the rp-process of nucleosynthesis in X-ray bursts. In this contribution, we briefly review the so far conducted experiments and the main achieved results, as well as outline the plans for future experiments.     

Revealing pion and kaon structure via generalised parton distributions

Clear windows onto emergent hadron mass(EHM)and modulations thereof by Higgs boson interactions are provided by observable measures of pion and kaon structure,many of which are accessible via generalised parton distributions(GPDs).Beginning with algebraic GPD Ans?tze,constrained entirely by hadron-scaleπand K valence-parton distribution functions(DFs),in whose forms both EHM and Higgs boson influences are manifest,numerous illustrations are provided.They include the properties of electromagnetic form factors,impact parameter space GPDs,gravitational form factors and associated pressure profiles,and the character and consequences of allorders evolution.The analyses predict that mass-squared gravitational form factors are stiffer than electromagnetic form factors;reveal that K pressure profiles are tighter than profiles,with both mesons sustaining near-core pressures at magnitudes similar to that expected at the core of neutron stars;deliver parameter-free predictions for and K valence,glue,and sea GPDs at the resolving scale l=2GeV;and predict that at this scale the fraction of meson mass-squared carried by glue and sea combined matches that lodged with the valence degrees-of-freedom,with a similar statement holding for mass-squared radii.     

Phase relations in the ZnO-V2O5-K2O system

The subsolidus phase relations of a ZnO-V 2 O 5-K 2 O system are investigated by X-ray powder diffraction.There is 1 ternary compound,11 binary compounds and 14 three-phase regions in this system.The phase diagrams of V 2 O 5 K 2 O with the K 2 O content ranging from 0 to 71 mol% and pseudo-binary system of ZnO-K 2 ZnV 2 O 7 are also studied by X-ray powder diffraction and differential thermal analysis methods.     

Lax pair and vector semi-rational nonautonomous rogue waves for a coupled time-dependent coefficient fourth-order nonlinear Schrodinger system in an inhomogeneous optical fiber

Optical fibers are seen in the optical sensing and optical fiber communication. Simultaneous propagation of optical pulses in an inhomogeneous optical fiber is described by a coupled time-dependent coefficient fourth-order nonlinear Schr?dinger system, which is discussed in this paper. For such a system, we work out the Lax pair, Darboux transformation, and corresponding vector semi-rational nonautonomous rogue wave solutions. When the group velocity dispersion(GVD) and fourth-order dispersion(FOD) coefficients are the constants, we exhibit the first-and second-order vector semirational rogue waves which are composed of the four-petalled rogue waves and eye-shaped breathers. Both the width of the rogue wave along the time axis and temporal separation between the adjacent peaks of the breather decrease with the GVD coefficient or FOD coefficient. With the GVD and FOD coefficients as the linear, cosine, and exponential functions, we respectively present the first-and second-order periodic vector semi-rational rogue waves, first-and second-order asymmetry vector semi-rational rogue waves, and interactions between the eye-shaped breathers and the composite rogue waves.     

由58Fe 和209Bi 熔合后的相关衰变过程得到的109号元素的证据

本文报导了合成109号元素的实验。用能量为4.95,5.05和5.15MeV/u 的~(58)Fe 束轰击~(209)Bi 靶,研究了全熔合产物衰变模式的特性。总辐照剂量为7×10~(17)粒子。所用的实验方法是:用静电场速度过滤器在飞行过程中分离向前方向成峰的反应产物,经过飞行时间装置后注入到位置灵敏固态探测器中,测量其动能,估算出质量、入射的时间和位置。以所有的出射粒子的能量和时间来记录很有限的反应产物发生级联α粒子和(或)自发裂变的继发衰变。在5.15 MeV/u 时的一个特别的衰变过程是:在5ms 和22ms 先分别发射两个α粒子,最后,在13s 后发生自发裂变。第一个α粒子的动能为11.10±0.04MeV。对各种可能的解释进行了详细的分析,例如纯属偶然的信号相关,转移反应产物的衰变和从能量上看允许的余核蒸发等。最后表明质量数为266的109号元素的同位素、即全熔合后的单中子蒸发道、从统计的观点看是最好的指定。本文同时也讨论了合成新元素的前景。     

Gravitational collapse with standard and dark energy in the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity

A perfect fluid with self-similarity of the second kind is studied within the framework of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity(TEGR).A spacetime which is not asymptotically flat is derived.The energy conditions of this spacetime are studied.It is shown that after some time the strong energy condition is not enough to satisfy showing a transition from standard matter to dark energy.The singularities of this solution are discussed.     

Breakdown voltage model and structure realization of a thin silicon layer with linear variable doping on a silicon on insulator high voltage device with multiple step field plates

Based on the theoretical and experimental investigation of a thin silicon layer(TSL) with linear variable doping(LVD) and further research on the TSL LVD with a multiple step field plate(MSFP),a breakdown voltage(BV) model is proposed and experimentally verified in this paper.With the two-dimensional Poisson equation of the silicon on insulator(SOI) device,the lateral electric field in drift region of the thin silicon layer is assumed to be constant.For the SOI device with LVD in the thin silicon layer,the dependence of the BV on impurity concentration under the drain is investigated by an enhanced dielectric layer field(ENDIF),from which the reduced surface field(RESURF) condition is deduced.The drain in the centre of the device has a good self-isolation effect,but the problem of the high voltage interconnection(HVI) line will become serious.The two step field plates including the source field plate and gate field plate can be adopted to shield the HVI adverse effect on the device.Based on this model,the TSL LVD SOI n-channel lateral double-diffused MOSFET(nLDMOS) with MSFP is realized.The experimental breakdown voltage(BV) and specific on-resistance(R on,sp) of the TSL LVD SOI device are 694 V and 21.3 ·mm 2 with a drift region length of 60 μm,buried oxide layer of 3 μm,and silicon layer of 0.15 μm,respectively.     

A new complex variable element-free Galerkin method for two-dimensional potential problems

In this paper, based on the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method and the improved complex variable moving least- square (ICVMLS) approximation, a new meshless method, which is the improved complex variable element-free Galerkin (ICVEFG) method for two-dimensional potential problems, is presented. In the method, the integral weak form of control equations is employed, and the Lagrange multiplier is used to apply the essential boundary conditions. Then the corresponding formulas of the ICVEFG method for two-dimensional potential problems are obtained. Compared with the complex variable moving least-square (CVMLS) approximation proposed by Cheng, the functional in the ICVMLS approximation has an explicit physical meaning. Furthermore, the ICVEFG method has greater computational precision and efficiency. Three numerical examples are given to show the validity of the proposed method.     

Phase properties of odd and even circular states

Phase properties of the even and odd circular states are studied within the Hermitian phase formalism of Pegg and Barnett. Exact analytical formulas for the distribution function and the variance of the phase operator are obtained and used to examine whether or not the even and odd circular states exhibit photon-number squeezing and phase squeezing.     

Nanofabrication of 50 nm zone plates through e-beam lithography with local proximity effect correction for x-ray imaging

High resolution Fresnel zone plates for nanoscale three-dimensional imaging of materials by both soft and hard x-rays are increasingly needed by the broad applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology.When the outmost zone-width is shrinking down to 50 nm or even below,patterning the zone plates with high aspect ratio by electron beam lithography still remains a challenge because of the proximity effect.The uneven charge distribution in the exposed resist is still frequently observed even after standard proximity effect correction(PEC),because of the large variety in the line width.This work develops a new strategy,nicknamed as local proximity effect correction(LPEC),efficiently modifying the deposited energy over the whole zone plate on the top of proximity effect correction.By this way,50 nm zone plates with the aspect ratio from 4:1 up to 15:1 and the duty cycle close to 0.5 have been fabricated.Their imaging capability in soft(1.3 keV)and hard(9 keV)x-ray,respectively,has been demonstrated in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)with the resolution of 50 nm.The local proximity effect correction developed in this work should also be generally significant for the generation of zone plates with high resolutions beyond 50 nm.     

宝石级氟磷锰矿的化学成分及光谱学表征

氟磷锰矿是一种稀有矿物,宝石级氟磷锰矿可呈现高饱和度的红橙色.选取三颗来自巴基斯坦的样品,通过电子探针、拉曼光谱、红外光谱和紫外-可见光吸收光谱进行系统研究,旨在获得其化学成分、光谱学特征,分析致色离子,为其品种鉴定、优化处理等提供重要数据.样品平均化学成分化学式为(M n1.66,Fe0.17,Ca0.15,Mg0....     

CdTe量子点的光谱特性及其应用

研究了水相CdTe量子点的共振散射光谱、荧光光谱和吸收光谱特性。结果表明,随着量子点粒径(d)的增大,CdTe量子点的荧光峰(λ_F)发生红移,吸收峰也发生红移,且吸收峰(λ_A)的峰形变宽、吸光度(A)降低,λ与ln(d)均存在较好的线性关系。其函数关系为λ_A =126.74 ln(d)+395.92和λ_F=155.01 ln(d) +415.5。共振散射光谱研究表明, 共振散射波长λ_R与CdTe量子点粒径（3.8～8.6 nm）的对数存在较好的线性关系,线性回归方程为λ_R=148.37 ln(d)+418.08, 相关系数为0.995 2,而且同一粒径的CdTe量子点,共振散射强度与CdTe量子点的浓度也存在良好的线性关系,粒径为3.8 nm的CdTe量子点在波长597 nm处的线性范围,回归方程,相关系数分别为：22.5～180.0 μmol·L-1;I_{597 nm}=0.572 1c+5.884,0.997 5。共振散射光谱法作为检测CdTe量子点粒径的一种新方法,具有简便快速及较好的应用价值。     

钙长石质玉中钙铬榴石的谱学研究

所研究钙长石质玉中的绿色矿物是以钙铬榴石为主的石榴石,钙铬榴石在天然条件下非常稀有,颜色为翠绿色,品质高的钙铬榴石可与翡翠、祖母绿相媲美。前人对石榴石系列的其他端元矿物具有较为充分的研究,但对钙铬榴石的研究较少,且未见对钙长石质玉中钙铬榴石光谱特征的相关报道。使用JXA-8230电子探针确定样品石榴石平均组分为Uvt_49.66Grs_36.04Adr_13.58Pr_p0.67Sps_0.06,为以钙铬榴石为主的钙系石榴石。经Bruker Senterra R200L拉曼光谱仪测定样品拉曼位移为1 000,890,879,830,618,589,530,508,399,370,270,240和176 cm-1,受不同三价阳离子Cr3+,Al3+和Fe3+替代的相互影响而发生相应的偏移;用Bruker Vertex80红外光谱仪测定样品红外振动频率为1 019,951,908,844,826,721,669,608,538,496,462,430和413 cm-1,受不同组分晶胞体积及三价阳离子的质量分数影响,发生规律性振动偏移;通过Jasco MSV-5200显微紫外-可见光谱仪及近红外分光光度计测定样品,可见区Cr3+宽吸收带为439和613nm,存在453和685 nm吸收肩峰,同时可见Fe3+ 371 nm吸收肩峰,钙铬榴石主要致色离子为Cr3+。钙长石质玉中钙铬榴石的详细谱学研究为稀有钙铬榴石矿物的鉴定提供了丰富的谱学数据,为相似品独山玉进行区分奠定基础。     

质谱和拉曼光谱对[M(H2O)n]+(M=Li,K)水合团簇的研究

采用质谱、拉曼光谱及理论计算对[M(H₂O)_n]+(M=Li,K)水合团簇进行了研究。质谱分析[M(H₂O)_n]+(M=Li,K)水合团簇的离子峰,推测其水溶液中最大水化数为12和13。采用拉曼光谱对浓度梯度相同的LiCl和KCl水溶液进行了讨论与比较,Li+和K+的水化作用导致~3 208 cm-1水结构拉曼峰发生了明显的变化,其中LiCl和KCl溶液的浓度分别在0~2.0和0~2.5 mol·L-1范围内,水化作用呈线性增强,浓度大于2.0和2.5 mol·L-1时,偏离线性关系,出现缔合。理论计算[M(H₂O)_n]+水合团簇结构和理论拉曼光谱表明,Li+,K+分别在n>4和n>6开始第二水化层,O-H伸缩振动频率发生了蓝移,氢键结构遭到了破坏,与实验结果一致。     

水热法合成蓝宝石的化学成分及光谱学表征

蓝宝石作为五大名贵宝石之一,经济价值极高,其中“皇家蓝”、“矢车菊蓝”最为昂贵。而水热法可合成出颜色与“皇家蓝”色极为相似的蓝宝石,且合成出的晶体较大,可通过切磨加工获得内部纯净的样品,仅凭外观及常规方法难以鉴别。选取了7颗水热法合成蓝色蓝宝石为实验对象,采用LA-ICP-MS、拉曼光谱仪、红外光谱仪、紫外-可见分光光度计和三维荧光光谱仪,对其化学成分、谱学特征进行研究,并与外观极为相似的天然蓝宝石、焰熔法合成蓝宝石进行对比分析。分析表明,水热法合成蓝宝石总体成分较为单一,而天然蓝宝石则含有丰富的微量元素。三种样品拉曼光谱均呈现典型的刚玉振动模式,显示A_1g和E_g振动模的拉曼峰。在红外光谱的指纹区,三种样品的吸收峰均无明显差别,与拉曼光谱的结果耦合。但在官能团区3 000～4 000 cm-1波数范围,水热法合成蓝宝石存在由含水矿物包裹体产生的羟基振动峰,而天然蓝宝石和焰熔法合成蓝宝石未显示此特征。紫外-可见光谱表明三种样品均为Fe2+-Ti4+对致色,但水热法与焰熔法合成蓝宝石未出现天然蓝宝石中450 nm吸收峰。三维荧光光谱表明,两种合成蓝宝石在240 nm光源激发下均出现与Ti4+相关的电荷转移导致的蓝色荧光,而天然蓝宝石样品未出现此荧光。化学成分、红外光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱可为水热法合成蓝宝石的鉴别提供重要信息。     

Transition from tunneling regime to local point contact realized on Ba_(0.6)K_(0.4)Fe_2As_2 surface

Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we studied the transition from tunneling regime to local point contact on the iron-based superconductor Ba_(0.6)K_(0.4)Fe_2As_2. By gradually reducing the junction resistance, a series of spectra were obtained with the characteristics evolving from single-particle tunneling into Andreev reflection. The spectra can be well fitted to the modified Blonder–Tinkham–Klapwijk(BTK) model and exhibit significant changes of both spectral broadening and orbital selection due to the formation of point contact. The spatial resolution of the point contact was estimated to be several nanometers, providing a unique way to study the inhomogeneity of unconventional superconductors on such a scale.     

Model Potential Calculations of Oscillator Strength Spectra of Rydberg Li Atoms in External Fields

By combining the B-spline basis set with model potential （B-spline ＋ MP）, we present oscillator strength spectra of Rydberg Li atoms in external fields. The photoabsorption spectra are analyzed. Over the narrow energy ranges considered in this paper, the structure of the spectra can be independent of the initial state chosen for a given atom. Our results are in good agreement with previous high-precision experimental data and theoretical calculations, where the R-matrix approach together with multichannel quantum defect theory （R-matrix＋MQDT） was used. It is suggested that the present methods can be applied to deal with the oscillator strength spectra of Rydberg atoms in crossed electric and magnetic fields.     

K α L 1 satellite multiplet structure of photon-excited chlorine atoms

Summary An attempt is made to study theK _α L ¹ satellite multiplet structure of chlorine atoms in different compounds by photon excitation. A comparison of the averageK _α L ¹ group energy shift from the diagram line with those based on Dirac-Fock evaluations with different number ofM-shell electrons shows a reasonable agreement. The intensity ratios are found to be higher than those studied in Mg compounds in general.     

有机硼酸盐插层Zn/Al-LDH的红外和拉曼光谱特征

研究了碳酸根和硼酸根的二元锌铝水滑石的X射线衍射,拉曼和红外光谱特征。采用一步水热共沉淀法,分别制得结晶良好的层间为碳酸根和硼酸根的二元锌铝水滑石。X射线衍射分析显示,硼酸根插层后水滑石（003）特征衍射峰向小角度移动,峰型尖锐,水滑石通道高度从0.28 nm增加至0.42 nm;红外光谱和拉曼光谱特征表明,硼酸根插层后,碳酸根的红外和拉曼特征峰消失。层间硼酸根以B₃O₃(OH)-₄,B₄O₅(OH)2-₄和B(OH)-₄三种形式存在。随层间离子的不同,与羟基相关的红外光谱和拉曼光谱峰位均有所改变。研究结果表明以硼酸三正丁酯为插层剂,可获得单一相、纯度较高的硼酸根型锌铝水滑石,拉曼光谱可准确探测水滑石层间阴离子变化对其结构和性能的影响。     

LiMAlF6(M=Ca,Sr)基质中Ce3+、Eu3+、Tb3+的光谱研究

合成了Ce³⁺、Eu³⁺、Tb³⁺激活的LiMAlF₆(M=Ca,Sr)磷光体,研究了它们的光谱特性.观察到稀土离子在LiCaAlF₆和LiSrAlF₆中的光谱十分相似.这与它们所处的晶场环境相同有关.发现Ce³⁺在此基质中有较弱的330nm发射,这一Ce³⁺的发光中心可用于作为材料质量的评价.