基于层次实时有色Petri网的实时系统建模与分析方法研究

Petri网是一种基于图形进行模拟和分析的数学工具,能够描述系统的异步和并发行为,但是现有高级Petri网不能对嵌入式实时系统进行完整的模拟与实时性分析。该文首先通过扩展有色Petri网提出了层次实时有色Petri网模型,然后描述了嵌入式实时系统的建模和实时性分析方法。最后,将该文提出的方法应用于硬实时系统列车通信网络MVB总线控制器的建模和实时性分析过程,仿真和分析结果表明,该方法能够满足列车通信网络系统设计对MVB总线控制器的功能验证和实时性分析需求。     

基于随机Petri网测试的序列生成系统

提出用随机Petri网（SPN）模型对实时系统建模并产生测试序列的方法,该模型方便描述系统的并发、异步等行为,避免基于扩展有限状态机（FSM）或扩展有限状态机（EFSM）模型分析的不足,并可对系统模型进行性能分析.通过具体例子说明了其在实时软件中的应用.     

基于模糊神经Petri网的武器装备效能评估模型

将模糊Petri与神经网络理论相结合,提出了一种关于武器装备效能评估的模糊神经Petri网模型.将模糊逻辑规则应用到专家评判中得到模糊Petri网,建立基于模糊Petri网的武器装备效能评估模型,并在此基础上将人工神经网络引入到模糊Petri中,在模糊Petri模型上,用迭代最速下降法对模型的参数进行学习和训练,经过学习和训练的模型具有很强的学习能力以及对外界环境的自适应能力.以某型雷达对抗装备为例进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明该模型是可行和有效的.     

UML活动图到时间Petri网的映射方法

UML被广泛应用于嵌入式实时系统等领域的建模,而嵌入式实时系统对时间响应的要求非常严格,UML缺乏对系统时间约束的描述和形式化语义。因此,提出了一种结合MARTE与UML带有时间约束的UML活动图模型,并定义相应的映射规则,将该活动图模型映射到时间Petri 网模型,最后通过实例验证了该映射方法的正确性和实用性。     

三划分问题可多项式归约为唯一可达向量Petri网可达性问题

为了对基于唯一可达向量Petri网(URV-PN)的密码体制进行密码分析工作,有必要对唯一可达向量网系统的数学本质和各种性质进行深入的研究.定义了扩展的三划分问题,三划分问题是扩展的三划分问题的一种特殊情况;给出了一个一般的多项式时间复杂度算法构造扩展的三划分问题的Petri网模型;证明扩展的三划分问题有解当且仅当所构造的Petri网模型中某个标识可达;从而说明三划分问题可多项式归约为唯一可达向量Petri网系统的可达性问题,从而给出了求解唯一可达向量网系统可达性问题的一个复杂度下界.     

基于模糊Petri网的信任评估

针对网络实体间信任关系的不确定性,论文提出了一种基于模糊Petri网的信任评估模型,该模型给出了信任评估的模糊规则,在此基础上利用模糊Petri网与矩阵运算相结合的推理方法,通过并行处理关于一个实体的多个推荐来评估实体间的信任关系。经信任关系评估实例计算可以看出,基于模糊Petri网的推理方法使得信任评估灵活、简单、有效。     

一种价格时间Petri网的状态空间计算

价格时间Petri网是对web服务过程和工作流模型等进行时间和成本分析的一种新工具.而价格时间自动机则是一种相对成熟的工具.提出一种状态空间计算方法,可以将价格时间Petri网的状态空间构造为一个价格时间自动机.该方法的核心思想是在扩展状态类中增加价格参数.进一步证明了构造出的价格时间自动机和初始的价格时间Petri网是双相似的.     

一种基于逻辑Petri网的过程挖掘方法

逻辑Petri网是抑制弧Petri网和高级Petri网的抽象和扩展,可在过程挖掘中简洁准确的表示活动之间复杂的业务逻辑关系.本文在传统Petri网挖掘方法的基础上,为了进一步提高复杂系统挖掘模型的简洁度和拟合度,尤其是对并行活动间存在复杂与或关系的系统,提出了一种基于逻辑Petri网的过程挖掘方法,并给出了逻辑Petri网中逻辑变迁的挖掘算法.它可以充分挖掘活动之间的业务逻辑,并且业务逻辑可用逻辑表达式表示.通过与相应Petri网模型的实例比较分析,例证了本文方法的正确性和有效性,且逻辑Petri网模型更加适合日志行为.     

基于扩展Petri网的工作流建模及应用

为了更好地对工作流模型的验证和性能分析,采用扩展Petri网作为工作流建模工具,给出了工作流模型向扩展Petri网模型的转化规则,建立了实例模型,论述了含有并行成分系统的结构特性,分析验证了模型的正确性。实践证明,用扩展Petri网建立工作流模型能提高模型的准确度,减少应用传统建模方法的冗余工作量。     

综合性能评价

论述了传统Petri网和模糊Petri网的概念、特点及区别,提出了模糊Petri网建模的规则和进行系统问题分析时的有效算法,最后,通过通信网综合性能评价来说明模糊Petri网在系统性能分析中的应用.     

Model-driven software synthesis for hard real-time applications with energy constraints

Model-driven methods have been quite effective for reducing the intricacies of embedded software development, since they provide effective means for property verification as well as automatic code generation. Nevertheless, regarding energy-constrained hard real-time systems, few model-driven methods are available and, usually, most methods (model-driven or not) consider simplified system specifications, such as absence of intertask relations. This paper presents a model-driven method for software synthesis of hard real-time embedded applications with energy constraints. A formal model based on time Petri nets is adopted in order to provide a basis for pre-runtime schedule generation and property analysis/verification.     

Comparing ladder logic diagrams and Petri nets for sequencecontroller design through a discrete manufacturing system

Design methods for sequence controllers play a very important role in advancing industrial automation. The increasing complexity and varying needs of modern discrete manufacturing systems have challenged the traditional design methods such as the use of ladder logic diagrams (LLDs) for programmable logic controllers. The methodologies based on research results in computer science have recently received growing attention by academic researchers and industrial engineers in order to design flexible, reusable, and maintainable control software. Particularly, Petri nets are emerging as a very important tool to provide an integrated solution for modeling, analysis, simulation, and control of industrial automated systems. This paper identifies certain criteria to compare LLDs and Petri nets in designing sequence controllers and responding to the changing control requirements. The comparison is performed through a practical system after introducing “real-time Petri nets” for discrete-event control purposes. The results reported in this paper will help: (a) further establish Petri net based techniques for discrete-event control of industrial automated systems; and (b) effectively convince industrial practitioners and researchers that it is worthy and timely to consider and promote the applications of Petri nets to their particular discrete-event control problems     

Modelling and Performance Evaluation of Mobile Multimedia Systems Using QoS-GSPN

Quality of Service (QoS) measurement of multimedia applications is one of the most important issues for call handoff and call admission control in mobile networks. Based on the QoS measures, we propose a Generalized Stochastic Petri Net (GSPN) based model, called QoS-GSPN, which can express the real-time behavior of QoS measurement for mobile networks. QoS-GSPN performance analysis methodology includes the formal expression and performance analysis environment. It offers the promise of providing real-time behavior predictability for systems characterized by substantial stochastic behavior. With this methodology we model and analyze the call handoff and call admission control schemes in the different multimedia traffic environments of a mobile network. The results of simulation experiments are used to verify the optimal performance achievable for these schemes under the QoS constraints in the given setting of design parameters.     

Petri net as a modeling tool

Over the last decade, Petri nets have emerged as a most suitable, powerful and widely acceptable modeling tool for representing and studying the asynchronous concurrent hardware (or software) systems/processes. Petri nets can be viewed as formal automata or as an automation which can generate the formal languages or a model to analyse and synthesize various kinds of systems. The structure of Petri nets, their markings, extensions and subclasses are briefly discussed. Several examples of Petri net models of computer hardware and software are presented. Various applications of reachability concepts are also given.     

A Petri Net-Based Controller for Flexible and Maintainable Sequence Control and its Applications in Factory Automation

A new type of software system for an industrial sequence controller is proposed. In this system, a control program is described with the Petri net-like language named Control-net (C-net). This language improves control software maintainability and flexibility. An efficient C-net interpretation schema for real-time control is presented and an overhead time evaluation model of the proposed schema is developed. Through the model analysis and measurement of the response time of an interpreter on a microcomputer, it is proved that the interpretation schema satisfies the required response time. Finally, a microcomputer based controller named Station Controller (SCR) in which the presented C-net interpreter was installed is described and several applications of this controller to real systems are illustrated.     

Scheduling of semiconductor test facility via Petri nets and hybridheuristic search

This paper proposes and evaluates two Petri net-based hybrid heuristic search strategies and their applications to semiconductor test facility scheduling. To reduce the setup time, such as the time spent to bring the test facilities to the required temperatures, scheduling multiple lots for each job type together is desirable. Petri nets can concisely model multiple lot sizes for each job, the strict precedence constraints, multiple kinds of resources, concurrent activities and flexible routes. To cope with the complexities for multiple lots scheduling, this paper presents two Petri net-based hybrid heuristic search strategies. They combine the heuristic best-first strategy with the controlled back tracking strategy based on the execution of the Petri nets. The obtained scheduling results are compared and analyzed through a small-size test facility. The better algorithm is also applied to a more sizable facility containing types of resources with a total of 79 pieces and 30 jobs. The future work includes the real-time implementation of the proposed method and scheduling results in real industrial settings     

Use of Petri nets for resource allocation in projects

Traditional models for project management have not adequately incorporated a number of factors that are important for resource allocation. This paper describes the use of Petri nets to facilitate resource allocation in projects under some conditions commonly encountered in practice. Petri nets provide a powerful formalism for representing and analyzing concurrent systems. To date, however, very little has been done to integrate this graphical and mathematical tool with the area of project management. Petri net models can be used to analyze interdependencies, criticality, substitution, conflicting resource priorities and variations in the availability of resources. This paper proposes a new model and demonstrates the usefulness of the model for real-time activity scheduling in a resource-constrained project environment. The model has been computerized using the C language, and a simple project is chosen as an example to provide step-by-step explanations of the simulation carried out. This paper also discusses the implications of the model and the analysis it supports     

A reliability model for real-time rule-based expert systems

This paper uses two modeling tools to analyze the reliability of real-time expert systems: (1) a stochastic Petri net (SPN) for computing the conditional response time distribution given that a fixed number of expert system match-select-act cycles are executed, and (2) a simulation search tree for computing the distribution of expert system match-select-act cycles for formulating a control strategy in response to external events. By modeling the intrinsic match-select-act cycle of expert systems and associating rewards rates with markings of the SPN, the response time distribution for the expert system to reach a decision can be computed as a function of design parameters, thereby facilitating the assessment of reliability of expert systems in the presence of real-time constraints. The utility of the reliability model is illustrated with an expert system characterized by a set of design conditions under a real-time constraint. This reliability model allows the system designers to: (1) experiment with a range of selected parameter values; and (2) observe their effects on system reliability