乌鲁木齐国际机场2001年5月11日强沙暴天气分析

从天气形势、天气特点、卫星云图、雷达回波等方面对乌鲁木齐国际机场2001年5月11日发生的强沙尘暴天气进行了分析。结果表明，这是一次由冷锋尾部前方产生的对流云团触发的强沙尘暴天气，该对流云团具有超级雷暴单体的性质。     

2009年江苏一次强对流天气过程的遥感监测

以卫星水汽图为主,结合可见光云图、雷达资料和常规天气观测资料,分析2009年6月5日发生在江苏徐州沛县的一次冰雹、龙卷天气,结果表明：卫星水汽图中动力异常区与对流系统的交界处和可见光云图上两个对流云团出流边界处触发的新的雷暴云团区域容易产生龙卷等强对流天气;水汽图上的水汽输送带与可见光云图的对流云系相一致,并且水汽图像特征与导致垂直运动和气流变形场的大尺度天气过程有关系,代表着对流层中上部的动力特征;强对流天气发生在低亮温对流云团中。高时空分辨率的卫星和雷达遥感资料很好地反映了短时强对流天气系统的发展与演变,有效地补充了常规天气资料分析的不足,为短时天气预报提供一种思路。     

一次强雷暴过程的闪电特征分析

对2006年6月25日焦作地区强雷暴天气分析表明，东北低涡后部西北急流出口区与地面冷锋的耦合是造成本次过程的直接影响系统。针对该过程伴随的强烈闪电现象，通过研究卫星云图和雷达回波特征，结合XDD03A型闪电定位仪对闪电过程的重现，探索强雷暴天气形势下对流云不同部位的闪电分布以及雷暴不同生命期所对应天气现象的闪电分布特征。     

乌鲁木齐国际机场对流云和雷暴天气分析

利用逐时实测资料和历史天气图资料,对１９８６￣１９９５年乌鲁木齐国际机志的对流云和雷暴天气的气候特征进行了统计分析,给出了机场对流云、雷暴天气的年变化、日变化特征和天气形势,为机场对流云和暴天气的预报提供了气候依据。     

一次强雷暴过程的闪电特征分析

对2006年6月25日焦作地区强雷暴天气分析表明,东北低涡后部西北急流出口区与地面冷锋的耦合是造成本次过程的直接影响系统。针对该过程伴随的强烈闪电现象,通过研究卫星云图和雷达回波特征,结合XDD03A型闪电定位仪对闪电过程的重现,探索强雷暴天气形势下对流云不同部位的闪电分布以及雷暴不同生命期所对应天气现象的闪电分布特征。     

五台山及邻近地区强对流天气分析

讨论了五台山和邻近平原地区雷暴和冰雹的时空分布。指出五台山是强对流天气的多发区。提出了对流风暴越过山脉的４种情况：（１）在太行山脉的西侧停滞,减弱或消失。（２）对流云 的中上部越过山脉演变为中高云。（３）原有的对流云图越山后冲击出新对流云图。（４）对流云图正面越过山脉,形成下坡风暴 。     

海南地区强对流性降水与卫星云图的关系

夏季的雷暴、冰雹等强对流天气,生命史短,现象剧烈,用常规的天气观测资料分析它们的活动存在着一定的困难。利用地球静止气象卫星云图动态显示可连续跟踪分析其活动规律。本着重分析了海南地区强对流天气过程中对流云团发生发展的过程,并提出了中、小尺度云团发展的三种类型及相关特征,对提高短期强对流天气预报质量有帮助。     

9417号台风暴雨过程分析

利用ＧＭＳ－４红外卫星云图、日本数值预报传真图和常规天气图资料，对１９９４年８月２３日至２４日出现在我省鲁东南和半岛地区的一次台风暴雨天气过程进行了分析。发现这次暴雨过程中，共有６个中尺度对流云团生成和发展，云顶温度与地面降水强度有一定的对在关系．研究了产生这次暴雨过程的环流形势和中尺度对流云团生成和发展的热力、动力机制。强调指出，台风低压倒槽或台风低压演变成的温带气旋中的暖锋激发中低层对流不稳定能量释放，产生中尺度对流云团，造成大暴雨天气。     

东北地区中尺度对流复合体的卫星云图特征

通过１０年（１９８３－１９９２年）卫星云图资料的分析，综合归纳了东北地区中尺度对流复合体（ＮＭＣＣ）的基本特征及其发展演变过程，由于受地理条件的影响，ＮＭＣＣ与美国大平原以及我国西北和华北平原上的ＭＣＣ有明显差别，作为一类特殊的对流性天气系统，ＮＭＣＣ与一般中尺度对流云图特征有明显差异。     

东南沿海地区中α尺度雷暴云团卫星云图特征分析

利用GMS-5卫星IR、VIS、WV和分裂窗云图资料及常规天气图对1996～1999年3～9月发生在我国东南沿海地区的对流(雷暴)天气进行分析表明，对流(雷暴)天气主要发生在静止锋等六种不同的天气形势下，它们在卫星云图上的基本数字特征有相同之处，也存在明显的差异。通过对卫星云图中α尺度雷暴云团的灰度和局地标准差等基本数字特征的分析，发现局地标准差极大值或红外一分裂≤0极小值的出现，预示4h左右后雷暴云团将达最强。由此，可以较好的把握雷暴云团的发展阶段以及发展趋势，提高雷暴的预报水平。     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题

自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。     

淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究

为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值（GEV）分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.