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1.
德国海上风电VSC-HVDC技术分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
系统地总结和梳理了德国海上风电并网情况及发展特点,分析阐述了德国海上风电场群集中并网的技术特征和经验,比较分析了高压交流输电和VSC—HVDC技术在海上风电并网应用的优缺点。最后,结合德国经验和中国发展需要,提出了海上风电并网分析模型。  相似文献   

2.
海上风力发电进展   总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30  
近年来风力发电工业发展迅速,海上风能以其突出的优势受到重视。本文对近年来国外几种典型的海上风能资源评估方法做出述评,简要叙述了国外海上风电技术发展与应用的现状,分析了海上风能利用的经济性,并介绍了一些主要国家进一步发展海上风电的计划。  相似文献   

3.
    
The North Sea is becoming increasingly attractive to wind energy developers and investors, with 38 wind farms belonging to five different countries and representing over€35 billion of assets. Concerns about offshore wind turbines being damaged by extreme windstorms pose a challenge to insurers, investors and regulators. Catastrophe modeling can adequately quantify the risk. In this study, a Monte Carlo simulation approach is used to assess the number of turbines that buckle using maximum wind speeds reaching each wind farm. Damage assessment is undertaken for each wind farm using a log‐logistic damage function and a left‐truncated Weibull distribution. The risk to offshore wind power in the North Sea is calculated using an exceedance probability (EP) curve for the portfolio of wind farms. The European Union Solvency II directive requires insurance companies to hold sufficient capital to guard against insolvency. The solvency capital requirement (SCR) is based on a value‐at‐risk measure calibrated to a 99.5% confidence level over a 1‐year time horizon. The SCR is estimated at €0.049 billion in the case of yawing turbines. Simulations are repeated for different climate change scenarios. If wind speeds grow by 5% and the frequency of storms increases by 40%, the SCR is seen to rise substantially to €0.264 billion. Relative to the total value of assets, the SCR is 0.14% compared with 0.08% for European property, confirming that these wind farm assets represent a relatively high risk. Furthermore, climate change could increase the relative SCR to levels as high as 0.75%.  相似文献   

4.
针对中国目前海上风电场起步较晚,技术不够完善,行业内对于海上风电场建设、机组选型和运营维护缺乏足够经验的特点,为完善海上风电场效能评价体系,提出理论发电量完成率的概念和相应的计算方法;同时,将理论发电量完成率这一指标代入实际案例进行计算分析.结果表明,理论发电量完成率能较好地反映风电机组和风电场的运行状态,能够将风资源...  相似文献   

5.
练继建  郑宏杰  杨旭  赵昊 《太阳能学报》2022,43(12):399-406
通过在筒裙端部加装刃脚进行减阻,并通过试验寻找最优的刃脚体型,同时利用任意拉格朗日欧拉方法(ALE)进行筒型基础下沉全过程数值模拟。结果表明:在厚壁筒型基础端部加装刃脚可有效减小端阻力,在砂土中下沉时,最优的刃脚体型为60°夹角,通过试验对比,证明理论公式计算端部压力的可行性;ALE数值方法可模拟试验模型下沉过程,误差在20%以内。最后,利用ALE数值模拟,分析刃脚端面和斜面应力分布,并且研究土质参数对刃脚结构下沉阻力的影响。  相似文献   

6.
为研究混合式平台漂浮式风电场平台动态响应,分别建立基于Spar和Barge平台的漂浮式风力机整机模型,采用链接悬链线和固定悬链线将其链接以建立2×2阵列漂浮式风电场。采用叶素动量理论计算风载荷,通过辐射/绕射理论求解波浪载荷,采用水动力学软件AQWA研究风波载荷作用下漂浮式风电场平台的动态响应。针对Spar和Barge平台尺度大小不同导致系泊系统不对称引起的Spar平台横摇和艏摇响应较大问题,提出"依照尺度最大平台正交布置链接悬链线"的漂浮式风电场系泊系统布置准则。为验证所提出的系泊系统布置准则的可行性,对比研究系泊系统正交化前后漂浮式风电场平台的动态响应。结果表明,在极限海况下,系泊系统的正交化布置可减小Spar平台横荡响应,但一定程度会增加纵荡响应;而系泊系统正交化与否对漂浮式风电场平台垂荡、纵摇响应和机舱加速度影响较小。此外,正交化布置的系泊系统可显著减小Spar平台横摇和艏摇响应、Barge平台艏摇响应,而Barge平台横摇响应几乎不受影响。  相似文献   

7.
为研究混合式平台漂浮式风电场平台动态响应,分别建立基于Spar和Barge平台的漂浮式风力机整机模型,采用链接悬链线和固定悬链线将其链接以建立2×2阵列漂浮式风电场。采用叶素动量理论计算风载荷,通过辐射/绕射理论求解波浪载荷,采用水动力学软件AQWA研究风波载荷作用下漂浮式风电场平台的动态响应。针对Spar和Barge平台尺度大小不同导致系泊系统不对称引起的Spar平台横摇和艏摇响应较大问题,提出"依照尺度最大平台正交布置链接悬链线"的漂浮式风电场系泊系统布置准则。为验证所提出的系泊系统布置准则的可行性,对比研究系泊系统正交化前后漂浮式风电场平台的动态响应。结果表明,在极限海况下,系泊系统的正交化布置可减小Spar平台横荡响应,但一定程度会增加纵荡响应;而系泊系统正交化与否对漂浮式风电场平台垂荡、纵摇响应和机舱加速度影响较小。此外,正交化布置的系泊系统可显著减小Spar平台横摇和艏摇响应、Barge平台艏摇响应,而Barge平台横摇响应几乎不受影响。  相似文献   

8.
赵昊  邱旭  李会  马文冠  刘鑫 《太阳能学报》2024,45(7):712-717
基于真实设计参数和环境荷载,通过PLAXIS Monopile Designer和SACS软件实现某风场机位的缩径单桩优化设计,并进行结构极限强度、结构变形、自振频率和疲劳分析计算。相比于相同上部尺寸的常规单桩基础,缩径单桩具有较大的泥面转角和水平位移,较低的竖向位移和自振频率,计算结果验证了缩径单桩基础方案的可行性,并可实现节省10.9%的用钢量。  相似文献   

9.
提出了一种新的适用于海上风电场并网的新型高压直流输电(Voltage Source Converter based HVDC,VSC-HVDC)系统的比例谐振(Proportional Resonant,PR)控制策略。该方法充分利用PR控制器能够在αβ坐标系下对交流输入信号无静差控制的特点,将矢量控制策略下的有功电流和无功电流分量转换到αβ坐标系下进行调节,实现风电场和电网侧换流器维持直流电压稳定以及有功、无功功率的解耦控制。与常用的双闭环PI控制相比,该策略无需多次坐标变换和前馈解耦控制,且易于实现对系统谐波电流的补偿,降低了实现难度,提高了系统的鲁棒性和并网电能质量,为海上风电场并网VSC-HVDC系统提供了一种优化的控制方案。  相似文献   

10.
赵昊  邱旭  李会  马文冠  闫姝 《太阳能学报》2024,45(9):458-464
室内缩尺试验较难真实还原其沉桩特性,原型试验又较为耗时,基于耦合的欧拉-拉格朗日(CEL)数值分析方法可实现原比尺模型静压沉放过程模拟,且可直观获得桩-土相互作用过程。通过室内试验进行沉桩阻力的有限元方法验证,并将有限元法用于工程体型沉桩过程模拟与阻力计算;数值模拟结果表明,缩径段的体型设计使沉桩阻力增加,EVF云图可看出进入桩内土体的体积减少,使桩内出现泥面降低的情况;最后,研究不同缩径段尺寸对于沉桩阻力的影响。  相似文献   

11.
    
The power system of Denmark is characterized by significant incorporation of wind power. Presently, more than 20% of the annual electricity consumption is covered by electricity‐producing wind turbines. The largest increase in grid‐incorporated wind power is expected to come from large (offshore) wind farms operating as large wind power plants with ride‐through solutions, connected to the high‐voltage transmission system and providing ancillary services to the system. In Denmark there are presently two offshore wind farms connected to the transmission system: Horns Rev A (160MW rated power in the western part of the country) and Nysted (165MW rated power at Rødsand in Eastern Denmark). The construction of two more offshore wind farms, totalling 400MW by the years 2008–2010, has been announced. This article presents the status, perspectives and technical challenges for wind power in the power system from the point of view of Energinet.dk, Transmission System Operator of Denmark. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd  相似文献   

12.
针对海上风电场,综合功率提升和疲劳平衡分配的优化目标,提出一种以天为优化周期的优化策略.在电网高负荷时段,基于Jensen尾流模型,以轴向诱导因子为优化变量,风电场整场功率最大为目标,运用随机粒子群算法进行风功率利用提升优化控制;在电网低负荷时段,基于风电机组综合疲劳系数计算方法,以机组轴向诱导因子为优化变量,应用尾流...  相似文献   

13.
    
While experience gained through the offshore wind energy projects currently operating is valuable, a major uncertainty in estimating power production lies in the prediction of the dynamic links between the atmosphere and wind turbines in offshore regimes. The objective of the ENDOW project was to evaluate, enhance and interface wake and boundary layer models for utilization offshore. The project resulted in a significant advance in the state of the art in both wake and marine boundary layer models, leading to improved prediction of wind speed and turbulence profiles within large offshore wind farms. Use of new databases from existing offshore wind farms and detailed wake profiles collected using sodar provided a unique opportunity to undertake the first comprehensive evaluation of wake models in the offshore environment. The results of wake model performance in different wind speed, stability and roughness conditions relative to observations provided criteria for their improvement. Mesoscale model simulations were used to evaluate the impact of thermal flows, roughness and topography on offshore wind speeds. The model hierarchy developed under ENDOW forms the basis of design tools for use by wind energy developers and turbine manufacturers to optimize power output from offshore wind farms through minimized wake effects and optimal grid connections. The design tools are being built onto existing regional‐scale models and wind farm design software which was developed with EU funding and is in use currently by wind energy developers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
针对漂浮式海上风电机组接地系统所处的深海环境及特殊的系泊系统,综合考虑纵荡运动对入流风速和尾流区域膨胀的影响,基于二维BP工程尾流模型,提出一种三维尾流模型(3Dksg_BP),将该模型用于全尾流区域横向和垂向风速剖面的预测。预测结果与风洞实验数据对比发现,下游1.7D2.3D5.0D10.0DD为风轮直径)等位置的预测精度均不低于97.6%。基于3Dksg_BP,研究不同频率和振幅下的纵荡运动对尾流造成的影响,结果表明:纵荡运动对尾迹的影响随频率和振幅的增大而增大,且随着下游距离的增加,纵荡运动对尾迹的影响逐渐减小。  相似文献   

15.
Presently, less than a handful of papers have analysed the attitude towards offshore wind farms in a population living in an area with offshore wind farms. This leaves the experience-based attitude and demographic relations analysis relatively unexplored. The present studies aims at covering some of that seemingly uncharted territory by analysing attitudes from a sample of more than 1000 respondents. Applying an Ordered Probit Model, the results show general positive attitudes towards offshore wind farms and that the attitude formation seems to be a function of the gender, income, level of education, visit frequency and type of visit to the beach and the view to on-land turbines from the residence. Interestingly and perhaps the most interesting results, the observed relations between demographics and attitude are found to be dependent on the type and frequency of usage of the beach among the respondents. Attitudes towards offshore wind farms and demographic associations are thus found to be more evident in the case that respondents do use not the beach for walking on a relatively frequent basis but much weaker if the respondent use the beach on a frequent basis. However, these results are sensitive to the type of beach usage. This suggests that attitude formation towards offshore wind farms appear to be dependent on a combination of the type and frequency of use of the beach. To the author's knowledge these findings are novel, as such relation has not yet been identified in the literature. As such, the results shed light on a new angle in both the literature focusing on the opposition formation towards wind power projects in general and offshore wind farms in particular.  相似文献   

16.
考虑实际工程需求,开发一种几何约束条件下海上风电场智能布局优化方法。该方法使用Gaussian模型计算风力机尾流区的速度亏损,并以最大化风电场年发电量为目标采用差分进化算法进行优化,可满足海上风电场布局时的各类几何约束。利用该方法分别在3行、4行、7行几何约束下对中国某海上风电场的风力机排布方式进行优化。结果显示,相比于原始布局方案,在考虑海缆铺设成本增加的情况下布局优化方案可提升风电场年发电量2.13%~2.64%。进一步分析表明,布局优化过程中可行解数量的设置需综合考虑智能算法寻优难度的影响。  相似文献   

17.
    
The protection of offshore wind farms (OWFs) against overvoltages, especially resonant overvoltage, is of paramount importance because of poor accessibility and high repair costs. In this paper, we study how switching overvoltages at the wind turbine transformer (WTT) medium voltage (MV) side can lead to high overvoltages on the low voltage (LV) side. The effect of overvoltage protective devices is analyzed. A detailed model of an OWF row is developed in electromagnetic transients program–alternative transients program (EMTP‐ATP), including interconnecting cables, WTT, surge arresters and resistive–capacitive filters. A parameterized black‐box WTT model is obtained from measurements and is used for investigating the transfer of resonant overvoltages from the MV to the LV side. The model is capable of shifting systematically the frequencies and adjusting the transformer input impedance. Simulation results show that wind turbine energization in an OWF can lead to overvoltages on the LV terminals. The rate of rise of overvoltages (du/dt) is in the range of 300–500 pu/µs. It is found that resistive–capacitive filters should be installed on both MV and LV terminals of WTTs to decrease both resonant overvoltages and du/dt, which is unachievable by surge arrester alone. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
Expansion of offshore wind power plays a significant role in the energy policies of many EU countries. However, offshore wind farms create visual disamenities. These disamenities can be reduced by siting wind farms at larger distances from the coast—and accepting higher costs per kWh produced. In this paper willingness to pay for reducing the visual disamenities from future offshore wind farms is elicited using the economic valuation method Choice Experiments. The valuation scenario comprises the location of 720 offshore wind turbines (equivalent to 3600 MW) in farms at distances equal to: 12, 18 or 50 km from the shore, relative to an 8 km baseline. Using a fixed effect logit model average willingness to pay amounts were estimated as: 46, 96 and 122 Euros/household/year for having the wind farms located at 12, 18 and 50 km from the coast as opposed to 8 km. The results also reveal that WTP deviates significantly depending on the age of respondents and their experiences with offshore wind farms.  相似文献   

19.
目的  当前海上风电已成为全球风电发展的研究热点。我国海上风电尚处于起步阶段,而当前的运营模式存在不利于海上风电大规模集中送出等缺点,无法适应新形势下的长远发展。另一方面,欧洲各国对海上风电的补贴政策与我国当前的发展思路有所冲突,可借鉴性不强,且欧洲模式本身仍存在弊端。因此亟需探索适合我国近海深水区海上风电发展的新模式。 方法  首先分析了欧洲各国海上风电发展现状,并对海上风电输电模式进行总结;其次给出了四种海上风电输电技术应用场景;最后对海上风电商业模式进行了可行性分析。 结果  结果表明:在拆分海上发、输电侧环节后,广东省预计“十四五”期间能够实现平价上网;相比于分散式开发,深水区海上风电统筹集约式开发从经济性及环境集约利用层面更具有优势。 结论  形成的研究结论可以为后续大规模海上风电集中送出项目的方案设计和建设模式提供技术支持,具有很好的示范应用前景。  相似文献   

20.
基于高时空分辨率风能资源数据库、地理空间规划数据库、风电机组机型数据库等,系统梳理中国海上风能资源储量评估的技术方法和技术流程,初步建立海上风电场宏观选址的综合评价方法体系,并利用地理信息系统(GIS)开展中国渤海和南海海域的风能资源储量估算。评估结果显示:南海风能资源较为丰富,年平均风速6.35~9.75 m/s,渤海多年平均风速相对较低,年平均风速6.30~7.70 m/s,两大海域风能资源可开发潜力均较大。渤海100 m高度的风能资源可开发量总量为526.8 GW,其中近海风能资源技术开发量约为353 GW,深远海风能资源技术开发量约为174 GW;南海海域广东、海南100 m高度的风能资源技术开发量分别为540.8、506.0 GW,其中近海分别为177.7、41.9 GW,深远海分别为363.1、464.2 GW;北部湾海域100m高度的风能资源技术开发量总量为63.3 GW、其中近海59.9 GW,深远海3.4 GW。截至2022年底,中国渤海、南海和北部湾各省区海上风电装机容量仅为技术可开发量的1.9%。  相似文献   

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