多晶硅薄膜太阳电池电子辐照研究

利用静电加速器对多晶硅薄膜太阳电池进行了电子辐照实验。电子能量为1MeV,分别以1014e/cm2、1015e/cm2和1016e/cm2电子辐照注量进行辐照,首次获得了多晶硅薄膜太阳电池在高注量的电子辐照后,性能衰降比晶体硅大的结果。结合太阳电池理论和半导体材料的电子辐照效应给出了合理的解释。     

质子辐照与电子辐照对空间GaAs/Ge太阳电池性能影响比较

利用地面实验室加速器提供的离子束模拟空间质子、电子辐射,分别对空间实用GaAs/Ge太阳电池进行不同注量的辐照,并跟踪测试其电性能变化和深能级瞬态谱,研究这种太阳电池的电性能参数随质子、电子辐照注量的变化关系,得到质子、电子辐射效应及两者辐射效应的联系规律.结果表明:引起电池性能参数衰降相同时,1 MeV电子辐照注量比10 MeV质子的通常要大3个量级,质子辐照与电子辐照使电池性能参数Pmax下降了25%时,辐照注量有近似关系Φ1 MeV(e)≈2 500×Φ10 MeV(p).10 MeV,3×1012cm-2质子辐照在电池材料中引入Ec-0.18 eV和Ec-0.65 eV深能级,1 MeV,1×1015cm-2电子辐照在电池材料中引入Ec-0.12 eV和Ec-0.18 eV深能级,电子、质子辐照产生的损伤缺陷不尽相同.     

外资企业在中国辐照加工市场上经营策略之短长

从上世纪90年代,随着各行业的外国制造企业开始移师中国大陆,极大地拉动了我国的辐照加工市场,同时,由于国内医疗器械产品、食品、保健品等行业的高速发展,也对辐照加工服务提出了旺盛的市场需求,因此,各地纷纷建厂,致使中国的辐照加工市场有了快速的扩张。然而,令人尴尬的是本土企业生产的需要辐照加工的产品中,仅有在中国本土市场上销售的产品,才用中国本土辐照站提供的辐照加工服务,而外销产品在哪里进行辐照呢?当中国辐照加工届人士组团在马来西亚的Sterilgamma     

电子辐照交联乙烯－甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的研究

为了研制含有乙烯－甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物（EMMA）和硅橡胶共混物的热收缩套管,研究了电子辐照对 EMMA的辐射交联作用．将 MMA 含量18％的 EMMA 制成厚度1．0 mm 的薄片和0．25 mm 厚的薄膜,用 DD1．2型高频高压电子加速器扫描电子束,在空气中辐照 EMMA 样品,测试电子辐照的 EMMA 凝胶含量、DSC 特性及力学性能．结果表明,在0～110 kGy 辐照剂量内,当辐照剂量高于25 kGy 时,EMMA 的凝胶含量随着辐照剂量的增加而增加;当辐照剂量约75．2kGy 时,凝胶含量达58．6％;EMMA 峰值温度随着电子辐照剂量的增加而降低;EMMA 拉伸强度随着辐照剂量的增加在63 kGy 附近达到最大值;电子辐照的 EMMA 硬度稍有增加．利用 EMMA 和硅橡胶的共混物可以制成柔软的辐射交联热收缩套管．     

电子辐照GaP(N)光电性质及缺陷中心

本文描述1MeV电子辐照GaP(N)LED中辐照缺陷及其对光电性质的影响。用EL光谱、CL光谱和光电流谱等为研究技术,发现电子辐照使发光效率显著降低,并产生新的辐射中心,证明发光效率的降低是由于辐照产生大量无辐射复合中心和某些辐射复合中心对能量的耗散作用。分析了这些缺陷中心的本质。指出GaP(N)LED中V_(Ga)和残存氧原子是特别有害的杂质和缺陷。     

电子辐照直拉硅退火后辐照施主行为的研究

利用多种实验手段对电子辐照直拉硅退火过程中辐照缺陷的施主效应进行了研究,同时探讨了不同辐照剂量、初始氧含量以及预处理对辐照施主形成的影响．实验结果表明,电子辐照直拉硅后其电阻率迅速增加,低温退火即可恢复真实值;辐照施主是氧施主一缺陷的复合体,其激活温度在750℃左右,低温预处理有助于辐照施主的异质形核．     

辐照金刚石的电子顺磁共振

对不同类型的金刚石辐照前后的电子顺磁共振波谱进行了研究．结果表明,人工辐照能使不同类型的金刚石产生类似的具顺磁性的中心（电子－空穴心）,但在相同辐照条件下辐照金刚石时,其顺磁中心浓度并不一致,该浓度与金刚石中杂质氮类型和含量以及金刚石的质量有关．该研究为金刚石辐照改色条件的控制指明了方向．     

孔雀绿对电子辐照响应研究

一种以聚乙烯醇缩聚物为基质,以多芳氨基甲烷类化合物(隐色孔雀绿)为染色物质和卤代物为协同剂制成的辐射变色膜.经电子辐照后其颜色由无色透明变为绿色.辐照后吸收光谱显示其最强吸收峰出现在629 nm附近.研究表明：吸光度响应与电子注量成线性关系,电子能量和分次辐照对其有明显影响,在某注量率范围内吸光度存在辐照后效应,24 h后趋于稳定,且膜厚与响应成正相关性.该体系辐射变色膜可作为电子束的辐照变色薄膜剂量计.     

450℃高能电子辐照对CLAM钢微观结构的影响

为了研究低活化马氏体CLAM钢的抗辐照肿胀性能,在450℃下对CLAM钢进行大剂量高能电子辐照的原位动态实验.利用超高压透射电子显微镜观察发现,CLAM钢中产生了大量的间隙原子型位错环和多面体形状的辐照空洞.分析了它们的形核和长大规律以及相关机制.计算表明,CLAM钢在高能电子辐照下的最大肿胀率为0·26%,具有较好的抗辐照肿胀性能.     

电子辐照电介质中累积电荷的分布

本文采用了一种数值计算方法,用来分析电子辐照电介质中电荷力学特性。根据实验测定的电子沉积曲线和剂量深度分布曲线,用有限差分法联立求解连续性方程和泊松方程,可以得到电介质内累积电荷分布和电场分布。在开路和短路二种状态下,电子辐照聚乙烯的电荷密度分布随辐照时间的变化显示了电介质荷电的过程。计算了不同电子能量时的电荷分布,并对电荷“记忆”效应作了模拟。     

利用MONTECARLO方法分析高能电子加速器中中子引起的感生放射性——微观分析

在高能电子加速器中，高能电子与物质相互作用产生电磁簇射，生成的高能光子与 介质发生光核反应，其后的中子、介子又引发核反应，并引发感生辐射场.本系列文章利用 Monte Carlo方法分析了高能电子加速器中中子引起的感生放射性以及对加速器周围环境的 影响，对于制定关于停机后等待时间的规定具有指导性意义.在微观上利用多步动力学模型 （Many Stage Dynamical Model，MSDM）计算了中子与不同靶材Fe、Cu、Ni的辐射损伤总截 面，然后计算了能量为10、140和700 MeV的中子与加速器相互作用所产生的放射性同位素的 分布及生成截面，并且对3种情况进行了比较和分析.     

北京大学超小型激光加速器系统研究进展

超强激光与等离子体相互作用可以获得高于传统加速器三个数量级以上的加速电场梯度,更加有效地加速离子,从而能够显著缩小加速器的体积和造价．鞘层加速（TNSA）和光压稳相加速（RPA）是目前研究得最多的两种主要激光加速机制．与鞘层加速相比,光压稳相加速的加速效率和离子能量更高、单能性更好．在提出光压稳相加速原理的基础上,北京大学正在建造一台基于该原理的超小型激光加速器系统．本文将介绍北京大学在激光加速研究方面的进展和激光加速器系统的研制情况,包括理论模拟、前期准备实验、自支撑纳米靶的制备以及离子输运线的初步设计．     

Design and realization of a high productivity cluster-based network application reconfigurable accelerator board

Improving processor frequency to strengthen massive data processing capability will lead to incremental server marginal costs and bring about a series of problems such as power consumption, management complexity, etc. Based on the field programmable gate array (FPGA), TCP offload engine (TOE), zero-copy and other key technologies, this paper describes the design and realization of a reconfigurable accelerator board. In this board, TCP/IP protocol will be moved to high-speed reconfigurable accelerator board. The packets will be labeled according to the protocol and submitted to the upper data processing software after IP-quintuple filtering in hardware. Reconfigurable accelerator board obtains higher performance speed-up compared with ordinary NIC card.     

Neutron Capture Therapy （NCT） ＆ In-Hospital Neutron Irradiator （IHNI）-a new technology on binary targeting radiation therapy of cancer

BNCT is finally becoming ＂a new option against cancer＂. The difficulties for its development progress of that firstly is to improve the performance of boron compounds, secondly, it is the requirements of quantification and accuracy upon radiation dosimetry evaluation in clinical trials. Furthermore, that is long anticipation on hospital base neutron sources. It includes dedicated new NCT reactor, accelerator based neutron sources, and isotope source facilities. In ad- dition to reactors, so far, the technology of other types of sources for clinical trials is not yet completely proven. The In- Hospital Neutron lrradiator specially designed for NCT, based on the MNSR successfully developed by China, can be installed inside or near the hospital and operated directly by doctors. The Irradiator has two neutron beams for respective treatment of the shallow and deep tumors. It is expected to initiate operation in the end of this year. It would provide a safe, low cost, and effective treatment tool for the NCT routine application in near future.     

提高"强光一号"驱动Z箍缩负载电流的研究

“强比一号”加速器是目前国内输出功率最大的一台组合式多用途高功率强流脉冲电子束加速器。在该加速器上开展高功率Z箍缩产生X射线的技术研究时,需要调整提高“强光一号”驱动电流。主要介绍提高“强光一号”加速器输出电流的理论与实验研究。建立了计算模拟加速器工作过程的电路模拟程序,并在模拟计算的指导下开展了大量的实验研究,在短路电感15nH真空负载上获得了脉冲前沿小于100ns,峰值约3．0MA的脉冲电流,在优化设计的Z箍缩负载上得到了脉冲前沿小于100ns,峰值约2．2MA的脉冲电流．     

Single-particle 3D reconstruction on specialized stream architecture and comparison with GPGPUs

The wide acceptance and data deluge in medical imaging processing require faster and more efficient systems to be built.Due to the advances in heterogeneous architectures recently,there has been a resurgence in the first research aimed at FPGA-based as well as GPGPU-based accelerator design.This paper quantitatively analyzes the workload,computational intensity and memory performance of a single-particle 3D reconstruction application,called EMAN,and parallelizes it on CU-DA GPGPU architectures and decouples the memory operations from the computing flow and orches-trates the thread-data mapping to reduce the overhead of off-chip memory operations.Then it exploits the trend towards FPGA-based accelerator design,which is achieved by offloading computingintensive kernels to dedicated hardware modules.Furthermore,a customized memory subsystem is also designed to facilitate the decoupling and optimization of computing dominated data access patterns.This paper evaluates the proposed accelerator design strategies by comparing it with a parallelized program on a 4-cores CPU.The CUDA version on a GTX480 shows a speedup of about 6 times.The performance of the stream architecture implemented on a Xilinx Virtex LX330 FPGA is justified by the reported speedup of 2.54 times.Meanwhile,measured in terms of power efficiency,the FPGA-based accelerator outperforms a 4-cores CPU and a GTX480 by 7.3 times and 3.4 times,respectively.     

LACC:a hardware and software co-design accelerator for deep neural networks

With the increasing of data size and model size,deep neural networks(DNNs) show outstanding performance in many artificial intelligence(AI) applications.But the big model size makes it a challenge for high-performance and low-power running DNN on processors,such as central processing unit(CPU),graphics processing unit(GPU),and tensor processing unit(TPU).This paper proposes a LOGNN data representation of 8 bits and a hardware and software co-design deep neural network accelerator LACC to meet the challenge.LOGNN data representation replaces multiply operations to add and shift operations in running DNN.LACC accelerator achieves higher efficiency than the state-of-the-art DNN accelerators by domain specific arithmetic computing units.Finally,LACC speeds up the performance per watt by 1.5 times,compared to the state-of-the-art DNN accelerators on average.     

基于网络处理器的高性能入侵防护系统研究

提出一种基于网络处理器的入侵防护系统模型,该模型基于异构多核计算架构,采用通用x86/IA多核处理器作为应用和控制CPU,运行检测和控制模块,专用网络处理器作为协处理器实现网络层面的处理,两者之间通过PCIE实现高速通信,从而实现高效能、自适应、可扩展的入侵防护系统.用NFE-i8000网络处理器和Intel Xeon E5620四核八线程的通用处理器实现系统原型,并用PHAD异常检测系统作为入侵检测器进行了模拟实验.仿真结果表明,模型不但可提高系统性能,而且按协议类型进行负载均衡的检测结果比按五元组要好.     

High-power terahertz radiation from relativistic electrons

Terahertz (THz) radiation, which lies in the far-infrared region, is at the interface of electronics and photonics. Narrow-band THz radiation can be produced by free-electron lasers and fast diodes. Broadband THz radiation can be produced by thermal sources and, more recently, by table-top laser-driven sources and by short electron bunches in accelerators, but so far only with low power. Here we report calculations and measurements that confirm the production of high-power broadband THz radiation from subpicosecond electron bunches in an accelerator. The average power is nearly 20 watts, several orders of magnitude higher than any existing source, which could enable various new applications. In particular, many materials have distinct absorptive and dispersive properties in this spectral range, so that THz imaging could reveal interesting features. For example, it would be possible to image the distribution of specific proteins or water in tissue, or buried metal layers in semiconductors; the present source would allow full-field, real-time capture of such images. High peak and average power THz sources are also critical in driving new nonlinear phenomena and for pump-probe studies of dynamical properties of materials.     

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