纳米晶复合Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁材料磁性的研究

采用熔体快淬的方法制备Pr₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe纳米晶复合永磁材料.使用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量样品的室温磁性能.实验合金成分为(Pr_xFe_94.3-xB_5.7)_0.99Zr₁(其中x＝8.2，8.6，9.0，9.4，9.8，10.2，10.6，11.0，11.4(原子分数，%)).系统地研究了辊速及合金成分对快淬带磁性能的影响，当Pr原子分数由8. 关键词： 纳米复合永磁材料 熔体快淬 2Fe₁₄B/α-Fe')" href="#">Pr₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe 磁性     

Ti掺杂Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米双相复合永磁体晶化动力学

纳米双相复合稀土永磁材料,利用硬磁相高磁晶各向异性和软磁相高饱和磁化强度的优点,通过铁磁交换耦合作用获得优异的磁性能.但是如何解决软硬磁双相纳米微结构不匹配的问题,控制软硬磁相同时达到理想的纳米尺度复合是关键.本文研究了掺杂合金元素Ti对熔体快淬法制备的Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe快淬薄带晶化过程的影响.结果表明,掺杂合金元素Ti能影响Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe交换耦合磁体整个晶化动力学过程,使α-Fe相的晶化激活能升高,抑制其从非晶相中析出.同时,降低1∶7亚稳相的晶化激活能,起到稳定亚稳相的作用.而且随着晶化温度的进一步提高, α-Fe和Nd₂Fe₁₄B两相由1∶7亚稳相分解产生,从而有效避免了α-Fe相的优先析出.显微组织观察表明,掺杂Ti的样品晶粒细小、分布均匀,平均晶粒尺寸在20 nm左右,没有特别大的α-Fe粒子出现.当Ti的掺杂量原子百分数为1.0%时,获得了最佳磁性能(BH)_max=12 MG·Oe(1 G=10     

复相Nd4.5Fe76.3Ga0.3Co1.0B18合金的结构与磁性

利用快淬法制备了Nd_4.5Fe_76.3Ga_0.3Co_1.0B₁₈非晶合金,晶化处理后获得主相为Fe₃B与Nd₂Fe₁₄B的纳米晶永磁材料.采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜及磁测量手段分析研究了材料的微观结构与磁性能,并通过测量磁体的δM曲线,研究了晶粒间的交换耦合作用及其与微观结构、磁性能的关系. 关键词：     

晶粒易轴取向度对纳米晶永磁Pr2Fe14B磁性的影响

构造了立方和不规则形状晶粒的各向异性纳米晶单相Pr₂Fe₁₄B磁体 .利用微磁学的有限元法，模拟计算了样品的磁滞回线.计算结果表明，随着磁体晶粒易轴取向度的变差， 磁体的剩磁、矫顽力均随之下降.不同晶粒尺寸的纳米晶单相Pr₂Fe_{14B磁体，其磁 性能随取向度的变化快慢不同，原因在于磁体中的晶间交换作用 (IGEC) 的强弱不同.随着 晶粒取向度的提高，纳米晶单相磁体的矫顽力逐渐增加，这完全不同于烧结磁体. 关键词： 纳米晶磁体 矫顽力 剩磁}     

R2Fe14B型永磁材料中第二磁晶各向异性常数对反磁化过程的影响

针对低温下各向同性Pr₂Fe₁₄B永磁材料的最小形核场问题，用数值 计算法和近似解 析解研究了第二磁晶各向异性常数K₂对最小形核场的影响.研究发现，尽管对于 Nd₂ Fe₁₄B永磁材料一级近似的解析解与数值计算结果很接近，但是对于低温下各向 同性P r₂Fe₁₄B永磁材料则至少要用二级近似下的解析解才能与数值计算 结果相接近.用有 关最小形核场的计算结果很好地解释了低温时各向同性Pr₂Fe₁₄B永 磁材料的矫顽力与最小形核场的关系. 关键词： 第二磁晶各向异性常数 形核场 矫顽力     

取向Pr2Fe14B与Nd2Fe14B多晶磁化曲线的 计算

基于单离子晶场模型,提出了计算稀土-Fe(Co)金属间化合物取向多晶样品磁化曲线的方法.用此方法计算了取向Pr₂Fe₁₄B和Nd₂Fe₁₄ B多晶的高场磁化曲线,计算中使用了拟合化合物单晶磁化曲线得到的交换场与晶场参数.计 算曲线与实验曲线相符合. 关键词： 磁化曲线 晶场 2Fe₁₄B')" href="#">R₂Fe₁₄B     

易轴取向对Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe双层膜退磁过程影响的微磁学分析

运用一维和三维微磁学模拟探究了易轴与外场存在偏角β情况下Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe 双层膜的磁矩反转过程, 计算了磁矩反转过程中磁滞回线和磁能积, 并与实验结果进行了对比. 计算结果表明, 在膜面内的易轴偏角β严重影响磁矩反转过程. 当β≠0°时, 磁矩反转过程中无明显成核现象, 随着易轴偏角β的增大, 剩磁显著减小, 磁滞回线方形度变差, 导致磁能积急剧减小. 对于Nd₂Fe₁₄B(10 nm)/α-Fe(8 nm)双层膜, β=10°时, 最大磁能积下降30.3%. 在磁矩反转过程中, 总能量最大时对应的外磁场能随易轴偏角的增大而减小, 交换作用能先增大后减小, 磁晶各向异性能则随着易轴偏角的增大而增大. 软磁相厚度越大, 双层膜的磁能积受易轴偏角影响越大. 在膜面外的易轴偏角对磁矩反转过程也有类似的影响. 关键词： 微磁学模拟 磁晶易轴 磁能积 能量     

快淬Nd3.6Pr5.4Fe83Co3B5薄带的反磁化行为和磁黏滞性

用电弧熔炼法制备了Nd_3.6Pr_5.4Fe₈₃Co₃B₅合金铸锭,然后利用熔旋快淬法在铜辊转速V=20m/s下制备了Nd_3.6Pr_5.4Fe₈₃Co₃B₅薄带.快淬带主要由软磁相α-Fe和Nd₂Fe₁₄B型的硬磁相组成.采用直流退磁剩磁曲线方法分析了样品在反磁化过程中的可逆与不可逆磁化部分,并研究了软磁相和硬磁相的反磁化行为,得到样品的不可逆磁化形核场H_no约为440kA/m.同时研究了样品的磁黏滞性,结果表明由于软磁相的存在使得热激活体积较大. 关键词：     

纳米复合永磁Pr9Fe74Co12B5Snx(x=0, 0.5)的磁化行为与磁黏滞性

用熔体快淬法制备了纳米复合永磁样品Pr₉Fe₇₄Co₁₂B₅ 与Pr₉Fe₇₄Co₁₂B₅Sn_0.5，分析了样品的起始磁化、反磁化过程，测得样品的总磁化率、可逆磁化率以及样品的磁黏滞性.结果表明，两样品在室温下均表现为单一硬磁相磁化行为，在低温下表现为双相行为，且由于添加Sn后使晶粒均匀化从而导致样品低温下的双相行为更加明显.添加Sn后引起样品中软磁相含量和软磁相晶粒尺寸的增加，使磁化反转中可逆磁化部分增多，且使反磁化形核场降低.磁黏滞性研究表明，热激活体积与软磁相晶粒的大小有关. 关键词： 纳米复合永磁 磁化反转 磁粘滞     

Pr2Fe14(C,B)/α-(Fe,Co)型纳米晶复合磁体的结构与磁性

研究了Pr_xFe_82-x-yTi_yCo₁₀B₄C₄ (x=9—10.5;y=0, 2)纳米晶薄带的结构与磁性. 结果表明,所有薄带皆主要由2∶14∶1, 2∶17和α-(Fe, Co)三相组成. 对于y=0的合金,其内禀矫顽力随Pr含量x的增加而增加,剩磁随Pr含量x的增加而减小. 以Ti置换部分Fe (y=2),合金的磁性能得到显著提高,表现为:添加Ti后,合金的剩磁B_r基本不降低,x=10.5时合金的B_r值甚至有较明显的提高;同时添加Ti后,合金的内禀矫顽力及退磁曲线的方形度都明显改善. 当x=10.5,y=2时,合金薄带的磁性能达到最佳值为: B_r=9.6 kGs(1 Gs=10^-4 T),_iH_c =10.2 kOe(1 Oe=79.5775 A/m)和(BH)_max＝17.4 MGOe. 随着Pr含量的提高,合金中的硬磁相2 ∶14 ∶1的含量相对增加,内禀矫顽力提高;而Ti置换Fe抑制了软磁相α-(Fe, Co)在快淬和热处理过程中的优先长大,使合金中软磁相和硬磁相的晶粒尺寸及比例趋向最佳组合,交换耦合作用明显增强. 关键词： 纳米晶永磁材料 2Fe₁₄(C')" href="#">Pr₂Fe₁₄(C B) Ti添加 交换耦合     

Hard magnetic properties in Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets with a combined addition of V and C

Nanostructured Pr₈Fe_86−xV_xB_6−yC_y (x=0, 1; y=0, 1) ribbons composed of Pr₂Fe₁₄B and α-Fe phases with a high coercivity are fabricated by direct melt spinning. The effects of a single addition of V and a combined addition of V and C on the structures and magnetic properties of melt-spun Pr₈Fe₈₆VB_6−xC_x (x=0 and 1) ribbons have been investigated. Compared with addition-free ribbons, 1 at% V addition is found to reduce the grain sizes of the samples and improve their magnetic properties due to a strong exchange coupling between the hard and the soft phase. A remanence ratio of 0.82, a coercive field of 6.2 kOe and a maximum energy product of 23.4 MGOe in melt-spun Pr₈Fe₈₅VB₆ ribbons are obtained at room temperature. The combined addition of V and C is found to lead to the formation of an intermediate phase of VC at grain boundaries, which appears as a pinning barrier during magnetization and results in an increase of the coercivity value to 6.9 kOe for melt-spun Pr₈Fe₈₅VB₅C ribbons.     

Magnetic properties enhancement of Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposites by Ta substitution

Nanostructured Nd_9.5Fe_84−xB_6.5Ta_x (x=0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2) ribbons composed of Nd₂Fe₁₄B and α-Fe phases with a high coercivity and maximum energy product are fabricated by direct melt spinning. The effects of Ta addition on the structures and magnetic properties of melt-spun Nd_9.5Fe_84−xB_6.5Ta_x (x=0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2) ribbons have been investigated. Compared with addition-free ribbons, small addition of Ta is found to reduce the grain sizes of the samples and improve their magnetic properties due to a strong exchange coupling between the Nd₂Fe₁₄B hard phase and α-Fe soft phase. A coercive field of 750 kA/m and a maximum energy product of 158 kJ/m³ in melt-spun Nd_9.5Fe_82.5B_6.5Ta_1.5 ribbons are obtained at room temperature.     

Effect of Cu and Ga additions on the anisotropy of R2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite die-upset magnets (R=Pr,Nd)

Fully dense nanocomposite magnets containing hard R₂Fe₁₄B and soft α-Fe phases were produced from both melt-spun and mechanically milled alloys by hot pressing and subsequent die upsetting. Although R-lean R–Fe–B alloys that do not contain the grain-boundary R-rich phase are known not to be susceptible to texture development by means of die upsetting, we found that small additions of Cu make the texturing possible. The resulting microstructure of oriented platelet grains is similar to that of the R-rich die-upset magnets. Properties of the Cu-containing R₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe die-upset magnets can be further improved by adding Ga. The anisotropic Pr₁₂Fe₈₀Cu₁Ga₁B₆ magnet made from mechanically milled alloy and containing 17.2 wt% α-Fe had a remanence of 13 kG and a maximum energy product of 23.4 MG Oe. The Pr_11.25Fe_80.75Cu₁Ga₁B₆ magnet made from melt-spun alloy and containing 16.2 wt% α-Fe had a maximum energy product of 19.9 MG Oe. The low coercivity of 3–4 kOe typical for the Cu-containing R₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe die-upset magnets is due to the relatively coarse α-Fe grains. The latter grains are too large for intergranular exchange interaction, but, nevertheless, they are well coupled with the R₂Fe₁₄B grains by a long-range magnetostatic interaction.     

Research on preparing compact bulk nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe magnetic materials by hot extrusion

In this paper, compact bulk nanocomposite Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe magnetic materials were prepared by hot extrusion of amorphous and nanocrystalline powders, which were prepared by high-energy ball-milling (HEBM) of the Nd₂Fe₁₄ B-type hard magnetic phase with 20 vol% of α-Fe as soft magnetic phase. The extrusion temperature has important influence on magnetic properties and microstructure of magnetic materials. The results show that the grain size of Nd₂Fe₁₄B and α-Fe phase increases steadily with increasing extrusion temperature. Furthermore, optimal extrusion temperature of 1223 K occurs, at which the highest magnetic properties and relative density can be obtained.     

Enhanced alignment and magnetic properties of die-upset nano-crystal Nd2Fe14B magnets with Nb addition

It is difficult to obtain the crystallographic alignment for stoichiometric Nd₂Fe₁₄B alloys by applying the melt-spun and subsequent hot-pressing and hot-deformation techniques. However, the enhanced alignment and magnetic properties of die-upset nano-crystal Nd₂Fe₁₄B magnets have been obtained by Nb addition in the present paper. The magnetic properties studies show that Nb addition leads to the remarkable increase of remanence B_r and intrinsic coercivity H_ci, which is due to the improvement of c-axis texture and refinement of microstructure. Microstructure studies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal that Nb atoms are enriched at grain boundary and the NbFeB phase is observed with increasing Nb content. Since some Fe atoms in the Nd₂Fe₁₄B phase participate in the formation of NbFeB phase, the excessive Nd atoms may be enriched at grain boundary, which may improve the physical property of grain boundary and provide a mass transport pass for preferential growth of oriented Nd₂Fe₁₄B grains, thus leading to the enhanced alignment and magnetic properties.     

相分布和晶粒尺寸对Nd2Fe14B/ɑ-Fe纳米复合永磁材料矫顽力的影响

本文采用统计平均方法研究了软、硬磁性晶粒尺寸及相分布对Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米复合永磁材料矫顽力的影响。计算结果表明：对于单相纳米硬磁材料，磁体矫顽力随着硬磁性晶粒尺寸的减小而降低；对于软、硬两磁性相组成的Nd2Fe14B/a-Fe纳米复合永磁材料，两相的随机分布将导致磁体矫顽力随硬磁性晶粒尺寸的减小呈现极大值。本文的计算结果还表明当硬磁性晶粒尺寸大于软磁性晶粒的最佳尺寸时(15nm)，具有多层膜结构的Nd2Fe14B/a-Fe纳米复合永磁材料将比两相随机分布时具有更大的矫顽力。     

Crystallization of single-phase nanocrystalline Nd10.8Dy1.5Fe79.7(NbZrCu)2.0B6.0 ribbons

The crystallization of single-phase nanocrystalline Nd_10.8Dy_1.5Fe_79.7(NbZrCu)_2.0B_6.0 ribbons has been investigated. The as-spun ribbons are mainly composed of an amorphous matrix with a small amount of α-Fe, Nd₂Fe₁₄B and/or other crystallization phases. Cu-enriched clusters with different sizes have been found in the as-spun ribbons. These clusters almost disappear after crystallization, which can possess effects on the refinement of grains.     

Phase relations of the (Pr1−xSmx)2Fe14B system

The phase relations in the (Pr_1?xSm_x)₂Fe₁₄B system in a whole concentration range have been studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The XRD patterns of the (Pr_1?xSm_x)₂Fe₁₄B samples have been refined by Rietveld method. These results reveal that all the alloys (Pr_1?xSm_x)₂Fe₁₄B are similar to the end member of the investigated system Pr₂Fe₁₄B with tetragonal structure (space group P4₂/mnm). The continuous solid solutions were formed in this system. The normalized lattice parameters and unit cell volumes of (Pr_1?xSm_x)₂Fe₁₄B solid solutions decrease linearly with x ranging from 0 to 1.0. The DTA measurements show that the peritectic temperature of (Pr_1?xSm_x)₂Fe₁₄B increases with increasing Sm content and no metastable phases are detected. Based on the DTA data, SEM–EDS and XRD results, the vertical section of Pr₂Fe₁₄B–Sm₂Fe₁₄B in the Pr–Sm–Fe–B system has been constructed.