空气隔断连续流动分析法同时测定有机肥料中的氮磷钾

建立了测定同时测定有机肥料中氮磷钾的空气隔断连续流动分析法,样品的氮相对标准偏差最高为2.54%,磷相对标准偏差最高为1.98%,钾相对标准偏差最高为3.73%,氮回收率在97.6%～102.4%之间,磷回收率在97.3%～103.1%之间,钾回收率在96.8%～103.3%之间;本法相对NY525-2012《有机肥料》农业部标准测定方法而言操作简便、快速、准确度高,特别适合于大批量有机肥料样品中氮磷钾含量检测。     

不同风干条件对有机肥料酸碱度测定结果的影响

因NY525—2012《有机肥料》标准~([1])中酸碱度项目测定时要求称取5.00 g风干样进行检测,而NY525—2012《有机肥料》标准中未对有机肥料的风干条件作出统一要求,有机肥料在不同的风干条件下,其5.00 g样品酸碱度测定结果有较大差别。本文通过不同条件的摸索,寻找酸碱度测定最为快捷、准确的风干条件。     

浅议NY525-2012《有机肥料》代替NY525-2011《有机肥料》

NY525--2011《有机肥料》标准刚于2011年12月1日起实施，就仅仅因为一个数据的差错，重新修订了标准。NY525--2011《有机肥料》应该是农业史上使用时间最短的一个行业标准。现笔者对NY525-2012《有机肥料》代替NY525—2011《有机肥料》谈一点粗浅看法。     

连续流动分析仪法测定有机肥料中五氧化二磷

采用AA3型连续流动分析仪法测定有机肥料中五氧化二磷含量,并与NY525—2012法进行了比较。结果表明,该方法标准曲线相关系数可达1.000 0,加标回收率在99.79%~102.76%,分析结果与NY525—2012法无显著性差异。     

ICP-OES法测定有机肥料中钾和磷

<正>有机肥料中磷和钾元素的测定采用NY525—2002标准,其中磷采用磷钼黄分光光度法测定、钾采用火焰光度计法测定[1]。该方法非常繁琐,不易操作,且测定周期长,精密度差,检出限高。电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-OES)是近几年来应用广泛的高灵敏度的简便分析仪器之一,非常适用     

以原子吸收分光光度计测定有机肥中钾含量的研究

采用硝酸-高氯酸消化法,以原子吸收分光光度计乙炔-空气火焰法对有机肥中的钾含量进行了测定,并与现行标准NY 525—2012中规定的方法进行对比。试验结果表明,2种试验方法无显著性差异,且改进后的测定方法可以缩短试验周期。     

有机肥料中总氮含量测定的前处理方法对比研究

行业标准《有机肥料》(NY/T 525—2021)中测定有机肥料的总氮含量采用浓硫酸-过氧化氢消煮法处理样品,不仅耗时长,而且操作复杂。参考国家标准《复混肥料中总氮含量的测定蒸馏后滴定法》(GB/T 8572—2010)中的硫酸-混合催化剂消化法,采用上述2种方法分别消解有机肥样品,用凯氏定氮法测定有机肥中总氮的含量。结果表明：2种方法平行测定结果的绝对差值均符合标准要求,且准确度较好;硫酸-混合催化剂消化法操作简单,消解时间短,检测效率高,可用于大批量有机肥样品总氮含量的测定;浓硫酸-过氧化氢消煮法得到的消解液不仅可用于总氮含量的测定,还可用于总磷和总钾含量的测定,而硫酸-混合催化剂消化法得到的消解液只能用于测定总氮含量。     

对有机肥料的化学测定方法探析

文章主要从机肥料氮、磷、钾的含量测定方面出发,针对于普通复混肥料厂在有机肥料的测定中出现测氮的时间过长,没有购置分光光度计和火焰光度计等问题进行阐述。从而采取有效的方法对有机肥料的化学测定,以有利于提高各种化学物的分析水平。     

有机肥中五氧化二磷的快速测定

以鸡粪发酵有机肥为原料,研究有机肥五氧化二磷的测定过程中预消化处理时间、显色反应温度对测定结果的影响,对NY 525—2012中磷测定方法进行改进。在消化处理时可选择室温预消化处理0.5 h后,加热消化分解1 h;在显色反应中,磷酸根离子与偏钒酸和钼酸反应可选择60℃水浴中保温30 s处理。方法改进后能够有效缩短有机肥中五氧化二磷的测定时间(缩短12 h),为有机肥中五氧化二磷的快速测定提供参考。     

有机肥料氮、磷、钾的化学分析方法

介绍用化学分析方法测定有机肥料氮、磷、钾的含量,即样品经硫酸-过氧化氢消化后,制备待测溶液,分取待测溶液用NC-2型快速定氮仪测定氮,用磷钼酸喹啉重量法测定磷,用四苯硼酸钾重量法测定钾,不需使用分光光度计和火焰光度计,适宜一般复混肥料厂采用,对含氮、磷、钾分别达0.1%以上的样品均可用本法测定,方法的准确度和精密度能满足生产的要求。     

常见肥料中磷和钾的检验方法概述

磷和钾含量是评价肥料的重要指标,磷和钾含量检测对农业和肥料市场具有重要意义。本文介绍常见肥料种类及概念。详细介绍了标准中复合肥有效磷和钾含量的检测方法。介绍了有机肥标准中总磷和钾的检验方法,本文改用微波消解法批量处理有机肥样品,大大提高了消煮效率。对不同肥料的磷和钾的检验方法进行了比较和经验总结,对从事肥料的质量检验人员有参考价值。     

2种控释BB肥养分控释性能的比较

在25℃静水释放试验条件下,对2种控释BB肥的控释性能进行了研究。结果表明:2种控释BB肥对养分均有一定的控释性能,对氮素的控释效果最好,磷、钾控释效果较差。两种控释BB肥相比,控释BB肥1对氮的控释效果优于控释BB肥2,而控释BB肥2对磷、钾的控释效果优于控释BB肥1。     

有机-无机复混肥料中有机质含量测定方法的改进

在GB18877 2002《有机-无机复混肥料》的基础上,规定称样量范围,改变氧化剂溶液的配制方式,用改进的重铬酸钾容量法测定有机-无机复混肥料的有机质含量,回收率达99.76%,相对标准偏差0.25～0.43%,准确度及重现性均优于标准方法。     

聚磷酸铵中磷含量的测定方法研究

通过对测定肥料中磷含量3种标准的不同方法的差异对比,并对含短链低聚磷酸铵的肥料样品进行实际检测,结果表明：测得的磷（以P2O5计）含量明显不同;HG／T2770--2008测得的数据高于另外2种标准,符合样品实际含量;GB／T8573--2010和NY／T1977--2010测得的数据明显低于实际含量。对于添加短链低聚磷酸铵的肥料,测定水溶肥料磷含量的方法建议按HG／T2770--2008进行,并对NY／T1977--2010标准中磷的测定方法加以修订改进,以适应国内肥料市场的进一步发展。     

Long-term effect of fertilizer and manure application on soil-carbon sequestration and soil fertility under the wheat–wheat–maize cropping system in northwest China

Maintenance of soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for the long-term productivity of agroecosystems. An investigation was conducted to study the effects of long-term application of inorganic fertilizers and farmyard manure (FYM) on soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient content, water-stable aggregate distribution, and aggregate-associated carbon in a field experiment started in 1982 in an arid region of northwest China. Application of inorganic fertilizer alone (N, NP, or NPK treatments) did not increase SOC concentrations compared with no application of fertilizers (CK) and SOC concentration was significantly reduced, by 18% on average, compared with the initial value at the beginning of the experiment. Application of imbalanced inorganic fertilizer (N and NP), especially, resulted in a significant decrease in available phosphorus and potassium nutrients at a depth of 20 cm. This indicates that long-term application of inorganic fertilizers were inadequate to maintain levels of SOC and nutrients under conventional management with no aboveground crop residues returning to the soil. Long-term application of FYM alone or combined with inorganic fertilizers (M (FYM), MN, MNPK, or MNPK treatments), however, improved SOC and total nitrogen concentrations from initial values of 12.1 and 0.76 g kg⁻¹, respectively, to 15.46 and 1.28 g kg⁻¹, on average, and also enhanced available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations by 47, 50, and 68%, respectively, during the 23-year period. Treatment with FYM resulted in a 0.48 mm greater average mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates and a higher percentage of macro-aggregates (>2 mm) and small macro-aggregates (2–0.25 mm) than treatment without FYM. The MWD increased with increasing SOC concentration (R ²=0.75). The SOC concentration was highest in small macro-aggregates, intermediate in macro-aggregates, and lowest in micro-aggregates (0.25–0.05 mm). Approximately 54–60% of total SOC was stored in micro-aggregates (0.25–0.05 mm) and sand+silt fractions (<0.05 mm) after treatment without FYM but 57–64% of total SOC was stored in macro-aggregates (>0.25 mm) after treatment with FYM. MNPK treatment had the greatest effect on improving the levels of SOC and NPK nutrients and in enhancing the formation and stability of macro-aggregates.     

Nutrient evolution in soil and cereal yield under different fertilization type in dryland

Under semiarid conditions the response of crops to synthetic fertilizers is often reduced. Organic fertilizers can be used to provide a continuous source of nutrients for the crops. The soil nitrogen and crop yield in a rotation of durum wheat (Triticum durum)–fallow-barley (Hordeum vulgare)–vetch (Vicia sativa) were studied during 4 years when synthetic fertilizer (chemical), compost (organic) or no fertilizer (control) were applied in a field with high initial contents of soil NO₃–N (> 400 kg N ha⁻¹), phosphorus (22 mg kg⁻¹) and potassium (> 300 mg kg⁻¹). Changes in soil organic matter, phosphorus and potassium were also measured. During the crop period, chemical fertilization significantly increased the content of soil NO₃–N in the first 0.30 m of soil with respect to organic fertilization and the control. The yield of wheat and barley was not increased after applying chemical or organic fertilizer with respect to the unfertilized plots. The estimated losses of nitrogen were similar for the three types of fertilization, as well as the uptake of nitrogen for the total biomass produced. The initial levels of organic matter and phosphorus were maintained, even in the plots that were not fertilized, while the potassium decreased slightly. Thus, the rotation and burying of crop residues were enough to maintain the crop yield and the initial content of nutrients.     

Efficient fertilizer use for increased crop production: The sub-humid Nigeria experience

The results of five years of collaborative field trials at Samaru, Nigeria on nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and potassium fertilizers showed that all these nutrients are needed in the soils.While confirming the widespread deficiencies of N and P, the trials also showed that only moderate amounts of N and P are required to overcome these deficiencies and satisfy crop needs. Nitrogen fertilizers applied at rates of 80 kg/ha should be split applied for a more efficient utilization of the N. Partial acidulation of Togo phosphate rock at 50% produced a product which was agronomically as effective as commercial superphosphate. Preliminary results from nutrient interaction experiments suggest that efficiency of fertilizers can be improved by ensuring appropriate balance of nutrients applied to the soil.     

太子参专用微生物肥的制作研究

将前期实验筛选到的功能菌株(KTS-1-1、TR-10J、ATS-1-1、PTS-2-1)按体积比1∶1∶1∶1制备成菌悬液,分别与备选的3种载体(鸡粪、玉米秸秆和泥炭土)组合,制作太子参专用微生物肥,进而测定各菌株-载体组合产品的技术指标(有效活菌数、pH、水含量、有机质含量、总氮含量、总磷含量和速效钾含量)。结果表明:复合菌株-载体(质量配比为33.3%鸡粪+33.3%玉米秸秆+33.3%泥炭土)组合(T7)所提供的有效活菌数最高(22.5亿/g),w(总磷)为1.67%,w(速效钾)为0.139 mg/g,基本符合Rebah等提出的良好接种剂的要求,可作为太子参专用微生物肥进行田间应用。     

Phosphorus speciation and transformation in long-term fertilized soil: evidence from chemical fractionation and P <Emphasis Type="Italic">K</Emphasis>-edge XANES spectroscopy

Knowledge of speciation and transformation of phosphorus (P) in soil following high application rates of chemical and organic fertilizers is essential for improving P management in Chinese agricultural ecosystems because P fertilizers have been increasingly overapplied in China. Phosphorus speciation of the soil in three long-term fertilization experiments established in 1990 was investigated jointly with a sequential fractionation scheme and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Both chemical fractionation and XANES spectroscopy confirmed that P species in the topsoils (0–20 cm) were mainly composed of iron phosphate, calcium phosphate and organic P, regardless of soil pH and mineralogy. The continuous application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (NPK) had little effect on the distribution of P species in the topsoils compared with that in the control and 1990 baseline topsoils. In contrast, the application of NPK plus organic manures (MNPK) changed significantly the speciation distribution of P by increasing distinctly available P in the soil. The transportation and transformation of P species depended on soil properties including P levels, organic carbon concentrations and mineral types. The long-term application of MNPK facilitated the transportation of P into lower horizons and the accumulation of organic P in the soil. The XANES results provided spectroscopic support for the P species identified by the fractionation scheme, and the combination of the two techniques provided complementary information on the speciation and transformation of P in soil.     

缓释长效复合肥的开发与应用前景

从我国氮、磷、钾肥高消费、低利用率的现状出发.阐述了缓释肥被列为国家中长期科学技术发展计划的优先主题之一.介绍了哪些肥料是缓释肥及其当前世界生产、消费量,还介绍了缓释肥料的开发途径,展望了其生产应用前景.