甲醇氨化反应中交联皂石的催化行为

层柱材料是具有规则孔结构且其表面酸性及孔结构可调变的固体酸催化剂.本文合成了皂石,并用十三聚铝羟基络离子(Al_(13))与其交联,在醇氨化反应中研究了此层柱材料孔结构及表面酸性与催化性能间的关系.     

镓取代皂石的合成与交联的研究

以XRD、MAS NMR、IR和化学分析等方法研究了镓取代皂石及其羟基铝低聚物交联物。结果表明,Ga占据骨架四面体位置,影响四面体层电荷及Al柱的交联密度。交联物经焙烧后,Al柱与层形成Ga—O—Al_p键,实现了层与柱的交联,而Al_(13)基本结构不变。     

皂石的合成、表征及其催化性能

用水热法合成了皂石,并用羟基铝低聚物与其交联制得AICLS。用XRD、~(27)Al和~(29)Si MASNMR及吡啶吸附量表征其晶相、结构和表面酸性。合成产物的结晶度很高。皂石中T—O—T片内四面体层上铝量可由合成条件控制,表明交联密度的柱间距与铝量有关。在异丙苯裂解反应中,AICLS的活性高于皂石,但活性衰减较慢;样品的催化裂化活性与探针分子可抵达的强酸中心数有关。     

含铁镍皂石的合成与交联的研究

用水热法合成出铁皂石和铁镍皂石,用羟基铝作交联剂制备了交联粘土.经XRD、DTA、IR、TPR、Mssbauer谱和化学分析表征,证明铁进入了粘土层骨架,铝交联可能作用在四面体铁上.形成Al_p-O-Fe键.     

累托石的钛交联合成（Ⅱ）

本文利用累托石中蒙皂石层间水化阳离子的可交换性，使四氯化钛在稀盐酸介质中分步水解生成的金属钛聚合阳离子与累托石进行阳离子交换反应，制得氧化钛交联累托石。并借助多种矿物分析方法对此产物进行研究，得出此交联产物可作为新的离子交换与吸附材料。     

合成皂石及其交联物在偏三甲苯歧化反应中的催化行为

以羟基铝低聚物与其交联制得柱撑皂石,并在偏三甲苯歧化反应中考察了它们的催化性能.结果表明,催化活性随柱撑皂石表面酸量增加而增加;四甲苯中均四甲苯和二甲苯中邻二甲苯的百分含量皆高于热力学平衡值.催化特性与柱撑皂石的柱密度相关.     

聚氨酯的后交联研究进展

通过交联可以将线型聚合物连接成三维网状结构,适度交联后聚氨酯的拉伸强度、模量、耐溶剂性、耐高温性等许多性能都能得到大幅提高,而交联方法、交联的种类及交联密度的大小都是重要的影响因素,因此对交联方法、交联密度的测定、交联密度与聚氨酯性能之间的关系研究对于聚氨酯的质量控制非常重要。本文首先详细介绍了聚氨酯后交联的常用方法,然后对聚氨酯交联密度的测定方法进行了分析比较,在此基础上进一步介绍了国内外关于聚氨酯交联密度与其性能的关系方面的研究进展。     

室温交联型硅丙微胶乳的合成研究II.改性微胶乳的粒径控制及其微观形态表征

采用种子微乳液聚合法和单体预乳化法分别合成了室温交联型有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯微胶乳,研究了硅烷单体的添加和氨化反应对改性微胶乳粒子大小及分布的影响。结果表明:采用种子微乳液聚合法得到的硅丙微胶乳粒子大小与硅烷单体的种类、用量和添加顺序无关,平均粒径约为40~60nm。TEM照片显示出,采用种子微乳液聚合法合成的硅丙微胶乳粒子由于内部存在交联结构而导致表面形状不规则,有“乳突”现象;而采用预乳化法合成的硅丙微胶乳粒径粗大,呈规则的球形,氨化后粒径从100nm以上减小到80nm左右,粒子表面出现“绒毛”现象,这是由于硅烷组分的水解反应受到抑制而使粒子内部的交联密度降低的缘故。     

二维相关红外光谱法及标准线性固态模型对天然橡胶热氧老化机理的研究

对天然橡胶复合材料进行了不同时间下的热氧加速老化实验并分析其老化机理.采用红外测试研究天然橡胶在热氧老化过程中可能的基团变化规律,同时对不同老化时间下的红外结果进行二维相关分析,发现老化产物的生成速率依次为酯过氧化物醚;核磁交联密度测试表明总交联密度(XLD)与网链分子量(Mc)及横向弛豫时间(T2)有很好的对应关系,XLD随着老化时间的增加而增加,即天然橡胶热氧老化过程中交联反应占主导地位;示差扫描量热(DSC)测试发现,随着老化时间的增加,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)升高,玻璃化转变区变宽,表明交联反应占主导地位,与核磁交联密度测试结果一致.通过对天然橡胶进行压缩应力松弛实验,采用修正的标准线性固态模型(SLS模型)进行拟合分析,发现在短时热氧老化过程中,老化以氧化和交联反应为主,与核磁交联密度及DSC实验结果一致.     

镓皂石的合成,交联及表征

用水热法合成了镓皂石，并用Ａｌ１３齐聚物进行交联。经ＸＲＤ，ＩＦ，ＭＡＳＮＭＲ和元素分析表征，结果显示镓存在于粘土层四面体骨架中，交联剂引入量与层四面体中镓含量有关。层与柱键合可能发生在ＧａＯ４四面体上。     

Bifunctional Europium(III) and Niobium(V)-Containing Saponite Clays for the Simultaneous Optical Detection and Catalytic Oxidative Abatement of Blister Chemical Warfare Agents

For the first time, the co-presence in the saponite structure of luminescent Eu^III and catalytic Nb^V metal sites was exploited for the simultaneous detection and catalytic abatement of sulfur-containing blister chemical warfare agents. Metal centers were introduced in structural positions of the saponite (in the interlayer space or inside the inorganic framework) following two different synthetic methodologies. The functionalized saponites were able to reveal the presence of a sulfur mustard simulant (2-chloroethyl)ethyl sulfide (CEES) after few seconds of contact time and more than 80 % of the substrate was catalytically decomposed after 24 h in the presence of aqueous hydrogen peroxide.     

镓皂石的合成、交联及表征

用水热法合成了镓皂石，并用Ａｌ１３齐聚物进行交联．经ＸＲＤ，ＩＲ，ＭＡＳＮＭＲ和元素分析表征，结果显示镓存在于粘土层四面体骨架中，交联剂引入量与层四面体中镓含量有关，层与柱键合可能发生在ＧａＯ４四面体上．     

层柱皂石的合成、表征及正癸烷临氢异构催化性能

采用高温水热合成法在强碱性条件下,成功制备了有序性很高的三八面体结构的皂石,同时对其进行铝柱柱撑,通过XRD、27Al MAS-NMR、N2吸附脱附、吡啶红外、TGA-DTA、TEM等技术对材料进行了物化表征,并用临氢异构表征了材料的催化性能. 结果表明：层柱皂石具有很好的层柱结构,热稳定性可达800℃以上,且具有较好的正癸烷临氢异构转化率和异构产物收率.     

聚乳酸/氧化锌柱撑皂石纳米复合材料制备与性能及结构表征

通过微波水解法制备了ZnO柱撑皂石,并以其为加工助剂制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/ZnO柱撑皂石纳米复合材料.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、对ZnO柱撑皂石及PLA/ZnO柱撑皂石纳米复合材料的结构进行了表征,并对其力学性能和热稳定性能进行了测试.微观结构分析表明,ZnO柱撑皂石呈现剥离状,并均匀分散在PLA基质中.力学性能研究表明0.3%ZnO柱撑皂石的加入有助于改善PLA复合材料的断裂伸长率.SEM分析表明PLA复合材料的断面发生明显改变,表现良好韧性;DSC结果显示纳米ZnO柱撑皂石可以降低复合材料的玻璃化转变温度、结晶温度,有助于提高PLA复合材料的结晶度,与XRD分析相吻合;热重分析表明ZnO柱撑皂石可以提高PLA复合材料的热稳定性.测试结果表明,ZnO柱撑皂石在PLA基质中起到了异相成核的作用,促进了PLA基质的结晶.     

The synthesis of pillared nickel-substituted saponite and its hydroisomerization activity

Nickel-substituted saponite clays (NiS) were synthesized. The pillared clays notedPNiS were prepared from the NiS intercalated with large inorganic cations such as [Al_(13)O_4(OH)_(24).(H_2O)_(12)]~(7+). It is found that the pillar density is correlative with aluminium content in the tetra-hedral sheet of NiS. The results from TPR indicate that the palladium loaded on samples promotesthe reduction of the nickel ion in the octahedral sheet. The pillared clays impregnated with Pd~(2+)noted PdPNiS show excellent hydroisomerization property which is much better than that of nickelsubstituted mica-montmorillonite pillared with silicon oxide oligomer noted PdPSMM. The hexaneconversion increases with the content of aluminium ion in the tetrahedral sheet, whereas the changeof the selectivity of isomerization is not obvious.     

镁皂石的水热合成与表征研究

采用优化的水热合成法,在473K反应2h合成了具有优良长程有序性的2：1型三八面体蒙皂石(皂石)。XRD分析表明合成产物具有典型的皂石层状结构。TEM测试发现,不同温度下合成的皂石具有类似的形态,但其层状片大小随着合成温度的提高而增大。不同温度(423K,473K,523K,573K)下水热合成实验结果表明,473K是合成具有良好层状有序结构皂石的临界温度。不同层电荷合成皂石对于活性染料(MB)的等温吸附实验说明吸附过程包含离子交换和絮凝机理。相对于天然蒙脱石,合成皂石对于离子性染料具有更大的吸附容量和作用力。     

New synthesis strategies for effective functionalization of kaolinite and saponite with silylating agents

Functionalization of Brazilian São Simão kaolinite and Spanish Yunclillos saponite with the alkoxysilanes 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane is reported. The resulting hybrids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, infrared absorption spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the interlamellar grafting process. The X-ray diffractograms revealed incorporation of the alkoxide molecules into the interlayer space of the clays. The displacement of the stretching bands of interlayer hydroxyls in the infrared spectra of the modified kaolinites and the increased intensity of the Mg–OH vibrations in the spectra of the modified saponites confirmed the functionalization of the clays. The thermal behavior of the organoclays confirmed the stability of the hybrids, which was dependent on the clay used for preparation of the materials.     

Intercalation Compounds between Ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate and Saponite

The retention of ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate by a saponite has been studied. Intercalation compounds were prepared by two different methods: 1) in repose at room temperature and 2) heating at 60 °C under reflux. Contact times between 2 and 12 days were considered for each method. The intercalation compounds obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, chemical analyses and thermal analyses. This characterization indicates that the organic compound is retained both in the interlayer region and at the edge of the clay particles. The amount retained outside of the interlayer space is eliminated by careful washing with benzene and cyclohexane. The results obtained when using acid-activated saponite -obtained by treatment of the clay with dilute HCl solutions- in the intercalation experiments were similar to those obtained when using non-activated saponite.