国外纺织品服装的召回现状及依据

当前,各国召回的产品种类不断增多,召回涉及国家的范围不断扩大,召回引起的损失也不断扩大,这无疑引起了国际市场,特别是产品出口国家的广泛关注.     

近5年中国出口欧美轻纺消费品召回情况分析

近5年来,我国轻纺消费品出口频频遭遇召回,召回涉及国家的范围不断扩大,召回引起的损失也不断扩大,这无疑引起了国际市场,特别是产品输出国家的广泛关注。本文统计分析了2010年1月至2014年10月间美国与欧盟对原产于中国的消费品实施召回或其他安全措施的情况。     

国外纺织品服装召回研究及我国应对措施

研究了国外消费品、食品行业中的召回,深入研究了纺织服装行业中召回的概念,并研究了纺织品服装召回的分级系统,提出了纺织服装企业的召回行动步骤及成功召回的关键因素。最后描述了政府在召回过程中的作用。此研究对于我国纺织服装企业实施召回具有重要的参考价值。     

国外纺织品服装召回研究及我国应对措施

研究了国外消费品和食品的召回行动计划,提出我国纺织品服装召回行动的计划。此计划包括召回前、召回期间及召回后企业需要做的所有准备工作。此研究有助于纺织服装企业全面且系统地了解召回行动的准备工作。     

国外纺织品服装召回研究及我国应对措施

建立了我国纺织品服装召回指南,研究了缺陷纺织品服装的补救措施,并提出了我国政府与企业应对国外纺织品服装召回的策略,有助于提高我国产纺织品服装的安全性质量,避免缺陷纺织服装产品导致的安全隐患,从而避免召回事件的发生。     

2010年欧盟对华产品召回情况通报与分析——纺织服装和鞋类等产品

产品因质量缺陷被召回已成为影响国内企业出口的重要因素,本文分析了2010全年欧盟REPAX系统对华纺织服装和鞋类产品召回实施情况,着重阐述了主要召回原因,以及涉及的相关法律法规技术要求,以此提醒国内出口企业对产品质量安全要求严格把关,加强产品检测,规避贸易风险。     

国内外食品召回数据分析与比较研究

以美国、加拿大、英国、澳大利亚、新西兰及中国为研究对象,通过对2008-2010年食品召回数据和信息进行分析,得到不同国家近年来食品召回的特点、变化和趋势。进一步比较研究表明：发达国家同样面临食品召回的严峻形势,但是监管有序;美国2009年爆发的沙门氏菌污染导致食品召回激增问题,该问题在加拿大和英国同时显现,表明贸易全球化下食品安全风险向更大范围蔓延和转移的趋势将成常态;发达国家的企业自愿召回比例接近百分之百,并呈普遍现象;引起食品召回的主要原因除了传统的黄曲霉毒素和沙门氏菌以外,标签问题等新的风险有快速上升趋势;中国由于缺乏规范统一的食品召回信息发布平台,所以召回信息数据少,不能真实反映实际状况。基于此,本文提出中国食品召回可以借鉴发达国家做法的4点建议。     

我国婴幼儿服装常见质量问题与标准要求的分析

近年我国的婴幼儿服装生产及出口发展迅速，在纺织品出口总数上占了重要的分量。但国内的婴幼儿服装质量频频曝出问题，甚至因为安全问题被通报和召回，这样造成巨大的经济损失。     

我国出口欧美纺织产品品质现状及分析

为了分析出口产品存在的主要品质问题,通过对2009年我国出口欧美市场的纺织服装产品品质指标的分析,概述了我国纺织服装出口产品的现状,指出了纺织服装产品的安全性问题已成为产品被召回的主因。     

中国食品召回数据分析与消费者认知研究

食品召回是质量安全的重要监管手段,主要针对2008～2010年我国食品召回的公开信息进行数据分析,通过食品召回的模式、召回信息的发布、被召回食品的种类、引起食品召回的主要原因等方面的研究,结合对消费者的食品召回认知调研,得到我国开展食品召回存在的主要问题,提出建立和完善食品召回信息通报机制、倡导消费者举报召回模式、增加消费者认知教育的三点建议。     

“My Fries were the Size of an iPhone®”: How Portion Size is Reported in the Fuel 2 Fight Study

Capturing portion size estimates is a constant challenge. Our objective was to characterize reported portion size during face-to-face and telephone 24-hour diet recalls among career fire fighters in the Fuel 2 Fight study. Trained nutritionists reviewed recalls and categorized reported portion size into weights, household measures, servings & items (including common alternatives for portion size), or food models. Two-dimensional models were most frequently used in face-to-face recalls, whereas household measures, and servings & items were more frequently used in telephone recalls. Thus, expanding use of common non-food objects with a known volume could be an important portion size alternative for telephone recalls.     

Analysis and critical comparison of food allergen recalls from the European Union,USA, Canada,Hong Kong,Australia and New Zealand

As part of a European Union-funded project (FP7) developing ‘Integrated approaches to food allergen and allergy management’, a database was constructed based on publicly available information on food allergen recalls in Europe, North America, Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand. Over 2000 entries were made into the database. The database covers a 4-year period from 2011 to 2014 and each entry is categorised into food type (two different classifications), identified allergen and cause where indicated by the authorities. Across different authorities, by far the biggest incidence of undeclared allergens occurred in the food categories of prepared dishes and snacks (range = 12–53%), and cereals and bakery products (range = 14–25% of all recalls and/or alerts). The biggest incidence of undeclared allergens, according to the information from most authorities, occurred for milk and milk products (16–31% of all products with recall or alert), followed by cereals containing gluten (9–19%), soy (5–45%), and egg and egg products (5–17%). Although 42–90% of the products with recalls/alerts were explained as being ‘Not indicated on the label’, this is a generic explanation of cause and does not provide much insight into the causes of the recall/alerts. However, 0–17% of products with recalls/alerts could be coded as caused by the unintended presence of an allergen as the probable result of cross-contact in production. Construction of the database of allergen recalls has provided some important lessons and recommendations to the authorities are made in this paper in terms of the harmonisation of the reporting of allergen recalls into a more standardised format.     

Recalls of foods and cosmetics due to microbial contamination reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration

In the U.S., food product recalls serve as an important intervention in stemming the consumption of food products contaminated with infectious disease agents. We summarize the number and nature of foods and cosmetics recalled as a result of microbial contamination reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the period 1 October 1993 through 30 September 1998. During this period, microbial contamination of food and cosmetic products was the leading cause for recalls, accounting for a total of 1,370 recalls (36% of all products recalled). Listeria monocytogenes accounted for the greatest number of food products recalled because of microbial contamination, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common microbe associated with recalls of cosmetic products. Dairy products, followed by seafood and pastry items, were the types of products most often associated with recalls due to microbial contamination. The FDA was the entity most often responsible for detecting microbial contamination of foods and cosmetics (33% of all such recalls), followed by state regulatory agencies (24%), and manufacturers/retailers (21%). Nineteen percent of recalls were associated with at least one reported case of illness. Salmonella was the pathogen most often implicated in reports of illness associated with these recalled products.     

Evaluating the effectiveness of food recalls in retail establishments in New York City

Information on how promptly food recalls of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-regulated products are disseminated to retailers is not well documented. Store managers were surveyed after recalls were declared to estimate the proportion aware of a recall, to describe the methods by which they learned of the recall, and to ascertain how they would prefer to be notified of recalls in the future. From 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2009, we identified FDA Class I products recalled because of potential contamination with an infectious agent such as Salmonella, which were sold in New York City. After each recall, a sample of retailers who carried the products was contacted, a standardized questionnaire was administered to store managers, and a sample of stores was inspected to determine if the product had been removed. Among nine recalls evaluated, 85 % (range, 12 to 100 % ) of managers were aware of the recall affecting a product at their store. Chain store managers were more aware of recalls than were independent store managers (93 versus 78%, P < 0.0001). More chain store managers first heard about the recall via e-mail as compared with independent store managers (35 versus 4%, P < 0.0001). E-mail notification was preferred by large chain store managers (38 versus 8%, P < 0.0001); on inspection, chain stores were more likely to have removed the item than were independent stores (85 versus 56%, P = 0.0071). Although recall information reaches many stores, faster electronic notifications are not effective at reaching small, independent stores, which may lack computers or fax machines. Alternate means to disseminate recall notifications rapidly are needed for stores without electronic communication capabilities.     

Recalls of spices due to bacterial contamination monitored by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration: the predominance of Salmonellae

From 1980 to 2000, the annual per capita consumption of spices in the United States increased by 60% (from 1.0 to 1.6 kg per person per year). Although spices are known to harbor various molds, fungi, and bacteria, relatively few reports have documented this group of foods as the cause of human illness. In recent years, however, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has noted an increased number of recalls of dried spices due to bacterial contamination. Accordingly, we reviewed spice recalls that took place in the United States from fiscal years 1970 to 2003. During the study period, the FDA monitored 21 recalls involving 12 spice types contaminated with bacterial pathogens; in all but one instance, the recalled spices contained Salmonella. Paprika was the spice most often involved in the recalls. A wide variety of countries were the source of the recalled spices. Using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Salmonella Surveillance System, we were unable to discern any increases in the reported incidence of laboratory-confirmed salmonellosis in states that received spices contaminated with selected rare Salmonella serotypes. A variety of effective methods exist to disinfect spices, procedures that have attained increased importance given the frequent use of spices in ready-to-eat foods and the potential for contaminated spices to cause widespread outbreaks.     

The Effect of Editing Open-Ended Text Responses on Nutrient and Food Group Estimates from the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall (ASA24)

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Food Reporting and Comparison Study (FORCS) compares nutrient and food group estimates obtained from recalls collected through the web-based Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24) to those from standard interviewer-administered telephone recalls among 1054 adults. Within the ASA24 software, respondents may choose to enter open-ended text to report “unfound food” and “other, specify.” Respondents use the“unfound food” field to report a food or drink they cannot find; the ASA24 system then asks a series of general questions to better identify the food. Respondents use the “other, specify” field to provide food details, such as brand name or cooking method, that differ from the responses offered by ASA24. When respondents use these two open-ended text fields, the system assigns default food codes. Nutritionists reviewed these codes and assigned new codes when appropriate. Nutrient and My Pyramid Equivalent (MPE) values from default food codes (unedited) andthe researcher assigned food codes (edited)were compared. Of the 716 food codes evaluated, changes were made to 248 foods (1.5% of total foods reported) which affected 194 (19.1%) of all recalls and required over 60 hours of specialized staff time. Although 43% of the 1013 completed recalls included at least one of the two text field responses, the ASA24 systemassigned acceptable default food codes 68% of the time.Editing did not significantly affect the means and ranking for most nutrients and food group MPE values; correlation coefficients for energy and macronutrient values before and after editing were 0.95 or higher, suggesting that this editingmaynot be necessary for most large studies using ASA24.     

The science of recalls

Morbidity due to foodborne illnesses in the US has decreased over the last ten years. During the same time period recalls affecting the meat and poultry industry have increased from 38 in 1993 to a peak of 128 in 2002. Recalls due to L. monocytogenes (LM) and E. coli O157:H7 have accounted for the majority of recalls in recent years, while incidence rates for these pathogens have decreased. Incidence of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 cases since 1996 have decreased 17% and 42% respectively while product positives in ready to eat foods for LM has decreased from 3% in 1995 to 0.75% in 2003. In response to the increasing number of recalls, members of the meat and poultry industry have developed recall plans to effectively manage a recall crisis. A detailed recall plan which is tested through mock scenarios is essential to reducing the economic and negative consumer confidence impact of recalls.     

为食品添加剂正名

<正> 由中国食品添加剂生产应用工业协会和中国国际贸易促进委员会轻工行业分会举办的“第六届中国国际食品添加剂展览会,暨第十二届全国食品添加剂生产应用技术展示会”,与博闻有限公司主办的“亚洲食品配料(中国)展览会”合并,已于2002年4月1～3日在上海光大会展中心隆重举行。     

Evaluating the Feasibility of Utilizing the Automated Self-administered 24-hour (ASA24) Dietary Recall in a Sample of Multiethnic Older Adults

The ASA24 is a web application which enables the collection of self-administered dietary recalls thus utilizing technology to overcome some of the limitations of traditional assessment methodologies. Older adults, particularly those from certain ethnic groups may have less access to and may be less receptive to technology. This research sought to determine the level of access to the internet as well as evaluate the feasibility of using a web-based alternative dietary data collection method in older, multiethnic adults. Participants completed three telephone administered diet recalls (n=347), and were asked to complete a one day recall via the ASA24. They were also asked to evaluate their experience with using the ASA24 system. Almost 60% of the participants reported no access to a computer or internet access, with African Americans and Latinos less likely than non-Hispanic Whites and Japanese-Americans to have access. Of those with access to the internet (n=100), 44% of the participants accessed the ASA24 system and 37% successfully launched the ASA24 program. However, most respondents preferred the traditional diet recall methodology over the ASA24. Further research is needed to investigate recruitment and use of electronic data collection methodologies in older adults.     

Sulfites--a food and drug administration review of recalls and reported adverse events

Sulfite-sensitive individuals can experience adverse reactions after consuming foods containing sulfiting agents (sulfites), and some of these reactions may be severe. In the 1980s and 1990s, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acted to reduce the likelihood that sulfite-sensitive individuals would unknowingly consume foods containing sulfites. The FDA prohibited the use of sulfites on fruits and vegetables (except potatoes) to be served or presented fresh to the public and required that the presence of detectable levels of sulfites be declared on food labels, even when these sulfites are used as a processing aid or are a component of another ingredient in the food. In the present study, data from FDA recall records and adverse event reports were used to examine the current status of problems of sensitivity to sulfites in foods. From 1996 through 1999, the FDA processed a total of 59 recalls of foods containing undeclared sulfites; these 59 recalls involved 93 different food products. Fifty (55%) of the recalled products were classified as class I, a designation indicating that a consumer reasonably could have ingested > or = 10 mg of undeclared sulfites on a single occasion, a level that could potentially cause a serious adverse reaction in a susceptible person. From 1996 through mid-1999, the FDA received a total of 34 reports of adverse reactions allegedly due to eating foods containing undeclared sulfites. The average of 10 reports per year, although derived from a passive surveillance system, was lower than the average of 111 reports per year that the FDA received from 1980 to 1987, a decrease that may have resulted in part from FDA regulatory action.