基于IKONOS数据的赣南离子吸附型稀土矿非法开采监测研究

随着稀土价值的不断攀升,稀土资源乱采滥挖现象日益严重,如何快速准确地进行稀土矿山非法开采监测成为相关政府部门管理的重中之重,高空间分辨率遥感技术为解决上述问题提供了思路。本文选取赣南寻乌地区离子吸附型稀土矿区为研究区,运用IKONOS遥感数据结合矿权资料建立了离子吸附型稀土矿山非法开采解译标志,结合地质岩体资料分析了稀土矿山开采重点监测区域。研究表明高空间分辨率遥感数据处理与分析为离子吸附型稀土矿矿山非法开采快速、准确、动态监测提供了良好的技术手段。     

IKONOS遥感数据在离子吸附型稀土矿区环境污染调查中的应用研究——以赣南寻乌地区为例

稀土矿山的开采活动产生了一系列的环境问题。为解决我国南方离子吸附型稀土矿山环境监测的问题,本文选取赣南寻乌地区为研究区,针对目前离子吸附型稀土矿存在的两大环境问题——土地荒漠化及水体污染,采用IKONOS高分辨率遥感数据进行监测方法研究,运用光谱角分类算法提取了研究区土地荒漠化较为严重的区域,运用ISODATA非监督分类算法对稀土矿开采周边河流污染程度进行评估。通过提取结果分析及野外调研,表明高空间分辨率遥感数据处理与分析为离子吸附性稀土矿矿山环境快速、动态监测提供了良好的技术手段。     

卫星遥感影像在稀土矿山动态监测研究

通过对福建蛟洋矿山多期卫星影像数据进行比对分析,建立稀土矿山地物解译标志,提取研究区稀土矿开采现况。结合两期影像,运用"最大似然分类法"提取信息分析,进行动态变化监测。研究表明,卫星遥感影像能满足稀土矿山开采动态监测,对我国南方地区稀土矿山动态监测应用具有典型意义。     

基于多源多时相遥感数据的稀土开采状况与地质环境问题监测

稀土矿床开采导致矿产资源极大损失,并造成植被破坏、水土流失、环境污染等严重的地质环境问题。本文选取韶关新丰、清远英德交界区域为研究区,采用2010年到2012年3期不同来源的遥感影像为数据源,在建立解译标志的基础上,采用人机交互解译方法提取各年度的稀土开采状况、矿山地质环境问题及恢复治理情况,并进行野外实地验证。监测结果表明,研究区稀土开采图斑较多,但均已停采,矿山地质环境问题较为严重,且大多未进行有效治理。研究发现,基于多源多时相遥感数据的遥感调查手段,既能利用不同时相数据的时效性优势,又能发挥不同分辨率数据识别各类矿山地物和地质环境要素的能力,有效监测稀土矿区的整体状况和变化情况,为国土、环保等相关部门进行矿政管理和地质环境综合治理决策提供科学依据。     

基于GeoEye-1的矿山开发遥感调查与监测应用研究

以马鞍山矿区为研究区域,采用高分辨率Geoeye-1卫星遥感数据,通过影像的几何纠正、正射校正、融合等预处理,以Mapgis为数据平台,利用采矿权与遥感影像进行叠加,对开采面、矿山占地、尾矿库、矿山建筑、废弃采坑、矿山道路等信息进行解译,结合实地调查,实现矿产资源开发利用状况、矿山环境调查与监测工作。结果表明,Geoeye-1数据能够满足1：1万矿山开发遥感调查与监测,能够准确、客观、实时的监测矿山的越界开采、无证开采、擅自改变开采方式等多种违规类型及矿山开发引发的环境问题,为政府整顿矿山开发秩序、矿山地质环境恢复治理提供重要的技术支撑和决策依据。     

广东省稀土矿违法开采遥感动态监测研究

稀土矿的违法开采带来一系列问题。为摸清近年来广东省稀土矿违法开采状况,以遥感为主要技术手段对此开展了动态监测研究。以广东省2010~2014年矿产卫片成果为基础,论述了稀土矿违法开采遥感调查技术路线和技术方法,重点分析了广东省2010~2014年稀土矿的违法开采特征与变化趋势,并对存在问题进行了总结与分析。结果表明:广东省稀土矿违法开采总体呈加剧、减弱、反弹趋势,疑似违法开采图斑点多、分布广,但持续违法少,近两年稀土矿开采方式和地点更为隐蔽,遥感监测难度加大。针对稀土矿开采周期短、速度快的特点,建议使用多种类型国产卫星数据开展多次数动态监测;针对稀土矿开采地点偏僻、隐蔽性强的特点,建议在稀土矿违法开采集中分布区开展低空无人机遥感监测。     

广东省矿山开采占地情况遥感监测与综合研究

本文根据矿山占地遥感监测技术方法,开展2014年度广东省矿山开采占地情况遥感监测,获取广东省矿山占地最新基础数据。通过研究矿山占地总体情况,统计矿山占地分矿种、分市县情况,系统总结了广东省矿山占地总体特征,研究不同矿山地物类型、不同矿种矿山分布规律,并提出主要存在问题和有益的建议,为综合整治矿区环境提供决策依据。     

溶解态稀土元素在离子吸附型稀土矿区周边地表水中的分布特征及影响因素

选择赣南典型稀土矿区,即寻乌(以轻稀土为代表)、安远(以中稀土为代表)和龙南(以重稀土为代表)为研究区域,于生产期和停产期(停产后半年)分别采集了矿区上游、矿区淋滤废水、矿区山泉水、生活用井水、近矿支流、矿区下游等地表水共90件,分析了溶解态稀土元素在离子吸附型稀土矿区周边地表水中的含量、空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明:稀土矿的开采对矿区周边地表水中DREE含量影响较大。此外,水粒作用、区域地质背景与风化作用、水化学因素都是影响离子吸附型稀土矿区周边水体DREE行为的主要因素。矿区周边地表水中稀土含量高是我国离子吸附型稀土矿山开采引发的特殊问题。     

遥感技术在辽宁省矿山环境监测中的应用

辽宁省矿产资源丰富,开发程度较高,但部分矿区开发秩序混乱,矿山生态环境破坏严重。通过2011—2014年4 a的矿产资源开发环境遥感监测,基本查明了全省矿产资源开发状况,矿山开发占地、矿区地质灾害、矿山环境污染和矿山环境恢复治理等矿山地质环境问题,以及全省矿产资源开发规划执行情况; 总结分析了辽宁省矿山开发易出现违法开采的区域、矿种和开采方式; 开展了矿山地质环境评价,圈定出矿山开采对矿山地质环境影响严重区、较严重区、一般区和无影响区。监测工作为辽宁省矿产资源有序、高效开发和环境保护提供了基础资料和科学依据,并指出了目前存在的问题和努力的方向,为辽宁省矿山环境遥感监测的下一步工作提出了建议。     

广东三个离子吸附型稀土矿的地球化学特征及开采现状

广东稀土资源丰富,资源种类较全,但真正具有工业意义只有离子吸附型稀土矿。已有调查表明广东富有重稀土资源,重稀土资源量约占离子吸附型稀土资源总量的1/3。广东现仅有采矿权企业三家(简称A、B、C矿区),2013年度开采指标REO(稀土氧化物含量)仅为2200吨,但离子型稀土年分离能力超万吨,供需矛盾突出。为了解广东稀土矿开采现状,本文在具备采矿证的A、B和C三个矿区采集风化壳剖面和尾砂样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析稀土元素、微量元素和相关有用元素的含量,获得了一批新数据,研究矿区的地球化学特征和资源潜力。数据分析表明:1广东稀土资源非常丰富,实际资源量与现有报告评估的资源量有着极大的差别,相差两个数量级。2三个稀土矿的风化壳原矿的轻稀土/重稀土的比值为1.8~6.6,说明三个稀土矿均为轻稀土矿;只开采轻稀土矿,与市场需求和广东富有重稀土资源的情况都不相符,年稀土开采指标与年冶炼分离能力也存在极大缺口,无论资源类型和数量都无法满足经济对稀土资源的巨大需求,建议考虑适当增加稀土矿证和开采指标。3A矿区和C矿区的腐植层和半风化层稀土含量都不高,成矿部位在全风化层,成矿模式为浅伏式;B矿区的腐植层和全风化层稀土含量高(最高超过0.3%),为成矿部位,成矿模式为表露式。4风化壳采矿位置尚需根据市场情况调整,减少矿体的漏采,尾砂稀土资源有待回收利用。5风化壳和尾砂样品微量元素含量相对陆壳丰度,多数元素富集倍数低于10,部分元素甚至出现亏损,没有回收利用价值。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of