嵌压植骨技术在人工全髋关节翻修术中的应用

目的 探讨使用嵌压植骨技术进行全髋关节翻修术的临床效果。方法1998年12月至2003年9月,采用嵌压植骨技术对48例患者72侧髋关节进行了翻修,平均随访时间25个月,采用Harris评分及X线片观察进行临床疗效评定,并统计并发症的发生率。结果Harris评分从术前平均44．6分提高到术后87．4分,术后优良率为达90．3％;无假体松动及下沉;股骨骨折发生率为4．2％;关节脱位率为1．4％,感染率为1．4％。结论嵌压植骨技术是一种有效重建髋关节置换术后松动所致严重骨缺损的方法。采用冻干异体骨植骨及解剖柄股骨假体同样可以获得满意的临床效果。     

股骨近端粗隆间后侧纵形截骨法在全髋关节翻修术中的应用

目的 探讨股骨近端粗隆间后侧纵形截骨在全髋翻修术中应用的初步经验.方法 2005年9月至2009年12月对35例患者应用股骨近端粗隆间后侧纵形截骨法取出股骨侧假体,截骨长度约11～14 cm,宽约1 cm.翻修假体为生物固定型组合式翻修假体,腔隙性骨缺损采用了颗粒异体骨植骨,钢丝环扎固定复位截骨块.对手术前、后Harris评分、肢体长度以及影像学改变进行评估.术前Harris评分平均30分(19～40分),其中疼痛评分平均12分(10～20分).结果 35例患者术后平均随访15个月(5～55个月).术后Harris评分平均85分(80～92分),其中疼痛评分平均40分(30～44分).股骨截骨处及植骨均愈合,平均愈合时间约20周(10～32周).未发生钢丝滑脱、感染、脱位、假体松动等并发症.结论 短期随访表明,股骨近端粗隆间后侧纵形截骨法有利于股骨假体的显露和取出,便于髓腔清理以及股骨侧重建,在全髋翻修术中是一种操作相对容易、有效町靠的方法.     

大转子延长截骨在全髋关节翻修术中应用的临床评价

目的 回顾性研究采用大转子延长截骨(extended troehanteric osteotomy,ETO)行全髋关节翻修术后股骨柄的位置变化,评价ETO在股骨假体稳定件髋关节翻修术中的作用.方法 1998年1月至2007年6月,采用ETO对股骨柄或骨水泥壳固定稳定性全髋关节33例33髋进行翻修.翻修术后采用Harris评分和MOMAC评分评估髋关节功能,摄动态X线片观察截骨块愈合、假体位置改变及股骨柄与股骨髓腔匹配等情况.结果 25例随访12～103个月,平均63个月.Harris评分由术前平均38.4分,提高到末次随访时88.7分;WOMAC评分由术前平均56.2分,降至末次随访时42.8分.大转子截骨块均在术后4～10个月骨性愈合.3例发生股骨柄下沉.平均3.4mm.股骨柄假体出现外翻、内翻各1例.无术中或术后骨折、钢丝断裂、感染、假体周围骨溶解以及异位骨化发生.术后关节脱位1例.结论 对假体固定稳定性股骨柄进行翻修,采用ETO有利于假体的安全取出,术后截骨块愈合率高,延长截骨不影响假体稳定性.股骨柄下沉、位置改变、截骨块骨折等并发症发生率低.     

转子下截骨短缩全髋关节置换治疗髋关节发育不良

目的探讨股骨转子下截骨短缩人工髋关节置换治疗成人CroweIV型髋关节发育不良的临床疗效。方法CroweIV型髋关节发育不良患者18例24髋，均为女性，平均年龄46．8岁（38-55岁）。采用S-ROM或AML假体结合股骨转子下横断截骨短缩行人工关节置换术，按术前计划、股骨重叠情况及软组织和坐骨神经张力截除相应长度股骨。术前、术后行Harris评分及功能评价。结果全部病例随访9-72个月，平均29个月。Harris评分由术前41分增加到术后89分，优良率83．3％。髋旋转中心平均下降56mm，平均截骨短缩长度为31mm。截骨平均愈合时间为8个月。1髋术中、2髋术后并发股骨骨折，发生率12．5％，用加压钢板及钢丝固定，平均10个月后骨折愈合。术前Trendelenburg征均为阳性，术后15例阴性、3例阳性，转阴时间平均为13个月。单侧患者肢体不等长发生率为25％。无一例出现关节感染、假体松动、脱位、神经功能损伤等并发症。结论股骨转子下截骨短缩人工髋关节置换治疗髋关节发育不良高位脱位可避免坐骨神经损伤，单侧患者易形成肢体不等长，软组织平衡及肌力恢复需要一定时间，Trendelenburg征转阴时间长，易并发术中及术后股骨骨折，需用钢丝环扎预防。     

扩展型转子截骨技术在骨水泥型股骨柄翻修中的临床应用

目的探讨扩展型转子截骨技术在较困难的骨水泥型股骨柄翻修手术中的作用和临床效果。方法2002年2月至2006年5月采用扩展型转子截骨翻修股骨侧假体12例，应用扩展型转子截骨技术取出所有骨水泥和假体柄，重新植入翻修用假体柄，以多道金属线缆环扎固定。其中1例选择的是骨水泥股骨假体，11例是非骨水泥股骨假体。结果所有患者均获得随访，时间16～24个月，术后6个月所有截骨处均愈合，无大转子移位。Harris评分由术前平均（48．4±7．5）分上升至术后平均（89．3±8．1）分（为术后1年的评分），假体无松动、下沉、假体周围未见骨吸收、骨溶解。结论扩展型转子截骨对骨水泥取出困难的股骨侧翻修术具有骨水泥取除彻底，安全可靠，手术时间短，并发症少的优点。     

采用抗生素骨水泥假体二期翻修治疗人工髋关节感染

目的探讨采用抗生素骨水泥假体二期翻修治疗人工髋关节感染的疗效。方法自1999年6月至2004年10月,14例初次髋关节置换术后感染患者行二期手术。术前Harris评分平均23分。一期手术中将取出的假体彻底清洗,骨水泥垫临时旷置,关节内引流管引流,术后静脉输入抗生素3周后,改为口服抗生素1个月。二期手术于6个月后进行,植入带抗生素骨水泥型假体。结果14例患者均获得随访,随访时间7～26个月,平均18个月。14例患者术后均无感染复发。术后Harris评分平均70分。结论彻底清创、足够间隔期以及二期手术采用抗生素骨水泥假体是有效控制感染复发的有效措施。     

股骨大转子延长截骨在假体稳定股骨柄翻修中的应用

目的 评估大转子延长截骨在股骨假体固定稳定型全髋关节翻修术中应用的中期临床效果.方法 1998年1月至2005年6月对27例患者(27髋)采用大转子延长截骨对股骨柄和(或)骨水泥壳固定稳定的全髋关节翻修.临床随访评估包括Harris评分和WOMAC评分,术前Harris评分平均42.7分,WOMAC评分平均55.6分;影像学评估包括术后拍摄X线片,对比观察截骨块愈合时间、是否存在截骨延迟愈合或不愈合,截骨块是否发生移位以及假体是否下沉等.结果 共19例患者(19髋)获得随访,平均随访时间5.3年.无一例发生术中或术后骨折.术后Harris评分平均87.3分,WOMAC评分平均46.3分.所有患者大转子截骨块均于术后6个月内愈合.无股骨大转子截骨块向近端移位,3例发生股骨柄下沉,平均下沉3.4 mm,无钢丝断裂.结论 对于假体固定稳定型股骨柄翻修,采用股骨大转子延长截骨有利于手术操作和翻修假体的植入和固定,有利于截骨块的愈合,降低术中、术后并发症发生率,中期疗效显著.     

粗隆下截骨结合 Zweymuller 假体全髋关节置换术治疗 Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良

目的：探讨粗隆下短缩截骨结合Zweymuller假体全髋关节置换术（ THA）治疗CroweⅣ型成人发育性髋关节发育不良（ DDH）的早期临床疗效。方法2006年1月至2011年12月对12例（18髋） CroweⅣ型成人DDH患者采用粗隆下短缩截骨结合Zweymuller假体行THA手术。男1例（2髋）,女11例（16髋）,年龄33～51岁（平均47.7岁）。于术前、术后3、6、12个月,以后每年评估一次。髋关节功能评价采用Harris及Charnely评分,术中记录截骨及患肢延长长度,术后影像学检查对截骨面愈合情况、假体有无松动下沉及髋臼假体稳定性进行评价。结果12例患者均随访到,无死亡,随访时间21～46个月（平均42.3个月）,1例发生患肢深静脉血栓;术后末次随访Harris评分（87.50±23.78）分、Charnely评分（17.36±2.01）分均较其术前（37.01±10.42）分（t＝1.82, P＜0.05）、12.00±1.52分（t＝2.83, P＜0.05）明显提高;术中截骨长度平均（2.5±0.98）cm,患肢平均延长（4.24±1.06）cm;术后X线评价无截骨面不愈合及假体下沉及松动,截骨面愈合时间3～11个月（平均4.9个月）,术后髋关节旋转中心高度较术前下降45.5 mm,术后髋臼位置良好,髋臼假体覆盖范围93.3％,具有较好初期稳定性;手术治疗优良率88.9％。结论粗隆下短缩截骨结合Zweymuller假体THA术治疗CroweⅣ型成人DDH早期临床随访疗效满意。     

大转子延长截骨钢丝固定结合自体骨屑植骨在全髋关节翻修术中的应用

目的: 探讨采用大转子延长截骨钢丝固定加自体骨屑植骨进行全髋关节置换翻修的临床效果。方法: 自2010年12月至2018年12月,应用大转子延长截骨钢丝固定结合自体骨屑植骨,行全髋关节置换翻修术患者18例,其中男8例,女10例;年龄68~82(78.89±3.32)岁;初次置换术后至翻修时间9~22(16.33±2.93)年。术后定期随访记录患者截骨块愈合时间、完全负重活动时间、髋关节Harris评分及并发症等情况。结果: 纳入研究的18例患者均获得随访,时间16~38(25.78±6.65)个月。手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合。切口长度16~21(18.89±1.32) cm。手术时间105~128(115.44±6.59) min;出血量240~285(267.44±13.77) ml。截骨块愈合时间12~18(15.61±1.75)周;患者完全负重活动时间14~22(17.78±2.53)周。术前髋关节Harris评分(47.11±5.04)分,完全负重活动时髋关节Harris评分(76.39±3.85)分,末次随访时髋关节Harris评分(82.22±2.76)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访期间,患者均未发生患肢短缩、感染、切口愈合不良、假体松动及下沉、假体周围骨折等并发症。结论: 在全髋关节置换翻修术时,应用大转子延长截骨钢丝固定结合自体骨屑植骨,能够获得满意的临床治疗效果,但需要术者对翻修术前、术中及术后恢复等各个时期做好系统规划。     

股骨转子下截骨在CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换中的应用

目的 探讨股骨转子下横行短缩截骨在Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换中的作用.方法 2001年2月至2007年2月对12例Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良患者行股骨转子下横行短缩截骨的全髋关节置换.男3例,女9例;年龄45～65岁,平均54岁.左髋5例,右髋6例,双髋1例.术前患肢短缩1.8～5.0cm,平均3.5 cm.4例中度跛行,8例重度跛行.于术后3、6、12个月,以后每年随访一次.摄X线片观察截骨愈合、假体下沉及松动情况.观察患者跛行情况,髋关节功能评价采用Harris评分.结果 全部患者随访2～7年,平均3.0年.截骨长度1.5～4.2 cm,平均2.2 cm.无坐骨神经损伤.截骨均愈合,愈合时间3～15个月,平均5.3个月.末次随访时3例轻度跛行,4例中度跛行,无重度跛行患者.髋关节Harris评分从术前平均36分(30～60分)提高到末次随访平均83分(75～95分).2髋分别于术后5年和7年发生股骨假体下沉,下沉高度分别为3 mm和6 mm.无假体松动及术后感染.结论 对Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良患者实施全髋关节置换术时行转子下横行短缩截骨,为真臼的暴露、臼杯的准确安装、增加股骨假体柄直径、矫正股骨假体柄前倾角创造了条件,可避免神经损伤.     

大粗隆延长截骨结合记忆合金内固定在股骨柄翻修术中的应用

目的探讨大粗隆延长截骨结合记忆合金卡环或环抱器在股骨假体固定稳定型髋关节翻修手术中的应用及疗效。方法 对2004年1月至2010年3月,35例（35髋）接受髋关节股骨假体翻修手术中进行大粗隆延长截骨结合记忆合金卡环及环抱器固定的患者,平均年龄（68.2±9.6）岁,进行了平均（36.8±13.2）个月的随访,对手术时间、出血量、截骨长度、内固定方式、截骨愈合时间及术后髋关节功能进行评价。结果 手术时间平均为（95.4±23.6）min,术中出血量平均（852.5±228.3）ml,截骨长度平均为（13.5±3.5）cm,术中内固定采用记忆合金卡环2～3枚或记忆合金环抱器1枚。术后截骨愈合时间平均（4.8±1.2）个月,患者Harris评分由术前平均（39.5±13.6）分提高到术后平均（82.2±17.8）分。结论 大粗隆延长截骨在股骨柄固定牢固的髋关节翻修术中可以充分显露术野,有利于取出固定良好的骨水泥和非骨水泥股骨柄;结合记忆合金卡环或环抱器固定操作简便、固定牢靠,有利于截骨块的愈合,术后功能恢复良好。     

Use of the extended trochanteric osteotomy in treating prosthetic hip infection

The goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of using an extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) as part of a 2-stage exchange procedure for prosthetic hip infections. Twenty-three consecutive infected total hip arthroplasties in which an ETO was used as part of a 2-stage exchange procedure were retrospectively reviewed. An ETO was used when the femoral component could not be extracted using standard techniques. Clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated at an average of 49 months of follow-up. Postoperatively, 20 of 23 (87%) patients had resolution of their infection, with healing of the ETO in 22 of 23 patients at a mean of 11.5 weeks. Preoperative modified D'Aubigne and Postel score means of 2.4 for pain and 2.6 for walking ability significantly improved (P < .001) to 5.3 and 4.9. Use of an ETO as part of a 2-stage exchange arthroplasty can be performed safely and effectively in appropriately selected cases.     

粗隆延长截骨在髋关节假体感染治疗中应用的初步经验

[目的]评价应用粗隆延长截骨在二期翻修治疗髋关节置换术后假体周围感染中的效果。[方法]13例髋关节置换术后感染病例在二期翻修治疗假体感染过程中行粗隆延长截骨。平均随访时间20.6个月,进行临床和X线评估。[结果]术后13例病人中11例感染治愈,2例因感染未治愈行旷置术。11例病人粗隆延长截骨均愈合。Harris评分由术前的52分(34～75分),提高到最后随访时的平均88分(75～95分)。[结论]髋关节置换术后感染在二期翻修术治疗中选择适当病例应用粗隆延长截骨是安全有效的。     

大转子滑移截骨在人工全髋关节置换术治疗强直髋时的应用

目的:探讨大转子滑移截骨技术在人工全髋关节置换术治疗强直髋时的作用,以及其可能出现的并发症。方法:回顾性总结2010年4月至2014年12月治疗的强直髋12例,男9例,女3例;平均年龄49.9岁(37~62岁)。临床效果评估采用Harris评分,影像学评估包括大转子截骨愈合情况、假体松动情况和异位骨化情况。结果 :随访时间15~22个月,平均17.3个月。Harris评分术前43.96±8.46,术后88.00±6.11,术后评分明显改善(t=-18.34,P=0.00)。所有大转子截骨均骨性愈合,未见假体松动、异位骨化、假体脱位发生。术后感染1例,大转子区域疼痛1例。结论:大转子滑移截骨技术在人工全髋关节置换术治疗强直髋时是一种有效的增加手术暴露的方式,未发现严重的截骨相关性并发症,截骨愈合率可靠。     

Mechanical effects of the extended trochanteric osteotomy

BACKGROUND: The extended trochanteric osteotomy was introduced as a safe and effective exposure technique for revision hip surgery; however, intraoperative iatrogenic femoral fractures have been reported. This study examined the effects of the extended trochanteric osteotomy on the torsional strength of the femur with use of cadaver bones. We hypothesized that repair of the osteotomy fragment would restore the torsional strength to that of an intact femur and that an osteotomized femur containing a well-fixed stem would have the same torsional strength as an intact femur with a stem. METHODS: Fifty-eight cadaveric human femora were divided into five groups, according to the repair technique, to examine the effects of the extended trochanteric osteotomy: intact, osteotomy, repaired osteotomy, implant, and implant-repaired osteotomy. Osteotomy fragments were reattached with use of three double-looped 18-gauge wires. A femoral stem was cemented into the last two groups. Specimens were tested mechanically in rotation until failure. Rotational properties were compared with one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons. Linear regression analysis was performed for bone mineral density and torsional strength. RESULTS: Torque to failure was reduced by 73% for the specimens in the osteotomy group compared with the intact group (p < 0.0001). Repair of the osteotomy did not improve torque to failure (p > 0.99). Femora in the implant-repaired osteotomy group displayed significantly improved torque-to-failure values compared with the specimens in the osteotomy and repaired osteotomy groups (p < 0.0001). However, the strength of the femora in the implant-repaired osteotomy group remained significantly less than that of the specimens in the implant group (p < 0.007). A significant linear relationship was observed between bone mineral density and torque to failure for femora in the intact (p < 0.006), osteotomy (p < 0.002), and repaired osteotomy (p < 0.001) groups. CONCLUSIONS: The extended trochanteric osteotomy reduces torsional strength by 73% even when the osteotomy fragment is repaired. Bone mineral density directly affects absolute femoral strength in this model.     

The long modified extended sliding trochanteric osteotomy

The modified extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) preserves the posterior capsule and short external rotators through a lateral approach to the hip. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of long ETOs, measuring 18 cm and above. Fifty three long ETOs were reviewed. The mean length of the osteotomy was 20.0 cm (range, 18–26). Mean scratch-fit length was 6.5 cm. Average follow-up was 57 months (range, 14–114 months). The Harris hip score improved from 37 preoperatively to 73 at last follow-up. Subsidence occurred in 12 (22.6%) cases. Eleven stems stabilised over the first year. One stem (1.9%) was revised for subsidence and loosening, one for a periprosthetic fracture and one for a fractured stem. Two (3.8%) cups had postoperative dislocations. Fifty two (98.1%) osteotomies united well. This series shows a low failure rate, with revision and union rates comparable to those reported for shorter ETOs. Performing the osteotomy through a lateral approach to the hip will enhance posterior stability.     

Revision total hip replacement without trochanteric osteotomy

Revision total hip replacement has traditionally required a trochanteric osteotomy for successful cement removal and component reinsertion. In this study the authors have concluded that in most instances the revision total hip replacement procedure can be successfully performed without trochanteric osteotomy. The advantages are underscored by the high percentage of trochanteric complications with trochanteric osteotomy for revision total hip replacement and the ease of rehabilitation without trochanteric osteotomy. Also, improved functional results without trochanteric osteotomy were noted. The specific indications for the procedure included revision total hip replacement with ununited prior trochanteric osteotomy, revision total hip replacement with femoral shaft fractures, and revision total hip replacement with stem fractures requiring only acetabular revision. The contraindications to the procedure are fibrous union or ununited trochanteric osteotomy from prior total hip replacement, severe acetabular protrusion of the acetabular component, advanced myositis ossificans, ankylosis of the hip, and advanced proximal femoral osteoporosis. The operating room records, x-rays, and outpatient records of 63 total hip revisions in 52 patients were reviewed. There was a minimum 2-year follow up with a range from two years to seven years. The patients were divided into two groups, comparing 21 trochanteric osteotomized revisions to 44 with trochanteric sparing techniques. Both groups were analyzed for age, type of implant, intraoperative perforation of femur, intraoperative femoral shaft fractures, intraoperative cortical window, component malpositioning extraneous cement, intraoperative blood loss, operating time, postoperative leg length inequality, persistent abductor weakness, average first day of ambulation, wound infection, dislocation, nonunion of the trochanter, and postoperative pain. In the nonosteotomized group, there was a 21% decreased blood loss, a 14% decrease in persistent abductor weakness, a 14% decrease in subluxation and dislocation, a 30% decrease operating time and a 50% reduction in intraoperative femoral perforation. In the osteotomized group there were six cases of fibrous union of the greater trochanter, two cases requiring removal of broken wires for trochanteric bursitis. A detailed surgical technique and representative cases are presented. In carefully selected cases, revision total hip replacement is optimally performed without trochanteric osteotomy. Postoperative trochanteric problems of nonunion, broken wires, bursitis, and abductor weakness can effectively be eliminated by avoiding trochanteric osteotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Use of a distal trochanteric osteotomy in hip revision

Revision of some Moore stems with a straight lateral shoulder where the stem has subsided distally and laterally may be difficult and can result in fracture of the greater trochanter. A trochanteric osteotomy that extends a long way down the lateral cortex of the femur facilitates this type of revision. A similar approach simplifies revision of proximally-fixed noncemented stems.