油锯和割灌机的振动噪声检测

油锯和割灌机的振动噪声检测日本十分关注林业工人的身体健康和劳动卫生，每年都对油锯和割灌机等便携式林业机械的振动噪声情况进行检测，一旦发现某种型号的便携式林业机械的振动加速度超标，立即禁止该机在市场上销售。现将日本林业机械化协会的最新检测结果公布如下：...     

我国油锯产品生产许可证评审结果现状分析

本文总结了全国油锯产品生产许可证评审中企业存在的主要问题，并对其产生的原因进行了分析，指出对油锯产品实行许可证管理的重要性。     

油锯手把的手传振动与主动防振动问题探讨

通过对油锯手把的手传振动状况分析发现，国产油锯产品质量仍有待加强，提出了油锯手把的主动防振动保护措施及建议。     

油锯噪声及振动对人体的危害

油锯噪声及振动对人体的危害杨春柏，郭大伊，隋志民数十年来，不仅油锯的数量有很大的增加，而且油锯的质量及性能也有了明显的改进和提高。但是油据质量及性能的改进并没有彻底解决它对油据手健康带来的危害。例如，噪声及振动对工人的健康带来不良后果。老油锯手在强噪...     

油锯手在不同作业条件下的心率变化状况

日本有关部门对油锯手在不同作业条件下进行伐木、打枝和造材作业时的心率检测表明 ,一是在平坦林地上用轻型油锯 (指油锯重量不超过 4 .8ｋｇ)进行 30ｍｉｎ的伐木、打枝和造材作业 (以下简称为作业 )时的心率 ,在 15ｍｉｎ内为 114～ 118次 /ｍｉｎ ,在16～ 30ｍｉｎ时有所增加。二是改用重型油锯 (指油锯重量为 9.8ｋｇ)进行 4 5ｍｉｎ作业时的心率 ,在 15ｍｉｎ内为 12 6～ 136次 /ｍｉｎ ,在 16～ 30ｍｉｎ时有所增加 ,在 31～ 4 5ｍｉｎ时明显增加。三是在缓坡林地上用轻型油锯和重型油锯进行作业时 ,15ｍｉｎ内的心率分别为 12 8～ 1…     

对国内外油锯噪声的调查研究

1前言国内外林业生产广泛使用油锯伐木、打枝和造材，在作业过程中油锯手长时间暴露在噪声中，结果导致油锯手慢性耳损伤和噪声性耳聋。由于作业时的体位和姿势等原因，油锯手右耳的慢性损伤的噪声性耳聋往往比左耳要严重一些。此外，油锯噪声还会引起人的中枢神经系统和植物神经系统失调，并且极易诱发其它疾病。因此，油锯噪声对人体的危害已引起人们的重视和关注。2国内外油锯的噪声2．1国产油锯1976年我国首次对国产油锯的噪声进行了全面测试，结果表明国产油锯的噪声均超过100dB（A）。其中051型和GJ85型高把油锯的噪声为104～110dB…     

基于层次分析法的油锯伐木安全作业多目标评价

本文采用层次分析法(AHP)对影响油锯伐木作业的各种因素进行综合评价.通过比较矩阵计算各子指标权向量和组合权向量,得到各指标影响油锯伐木作业安全的权重排序表,从而为完善油锯伐木安全作业管理提供了科学依据.     

油锯割灌机振动与噪声的测试结果

日本林业机械化协会于１９９９年１月公布对共立、新大和、富士、小松杰纳亚、新宫、斯梯尔和胡斯克瓦纳等厂商生产的１２８种油锯、３８种割灌机的振动与噪声测试结果。　　结果表明：油锯的振动加速度为０．６～２．７ｇ，振动最小的是排量为６５ｍｌ共立ＣＳ６５１ＴＨ型油锯（０．６ｇ），振动最大的是排量为１１９ｍｌ胡斯克瓦纳３１２０ＸＰ型油锯（２．７ｇ），振动加速度不超过１ｇ的有１２种，１～２ｇ的有１０３种。油锯的噪声为９２．４～１０６．８ｄＢ（Ａ），噪声最小的是排量为３５．５ｍｌ新大和Ｅ３５７型油锯［９２．４ｄ…     

油锯类型和采伐地坡度对采伐工心率的影响

油锯类型和采伐地坡度对采伐工心率的影响根据日本岩手大学的测试表明：１．采伐工使用轻型油锯进行间伐作业，在平坦林地上采伐时的心率在９１５～１０６．２次／ｍｉｎ之间，在陡坡林地上采伐时的心率在１０１．４～１１６．９次／ｍｉｎ之间。２．采伐工使用中型油锯进...     

油锯振动噪声测试结果公告

日本林业机械化协会最近公布对共立、新大和、小松杰纳亚、斯梯尔和胡斯克瓦纳等国内外八家厂商生产的126种型号油锯的振动噪声测试结果.其中振动加速度小于1g的油锯有15种,尤以共立CS-651TH型和小松杰纳亚G405AVS-1型两种油锯振动加速度最小(均为0.6g),振动加速度最大的是     

Kickback risk of portable chainsaws while cutting wood of different properties: laboratory tests and deductions

Portable chainsaws are associated with substantial risk and can cause serious injury to operators, especially during kickback. This paper presents new results from research and analyses conducted regarding the impact between the different properties of wood on this occurrence. In an open area, such differences may include: wood species, humidity, temperature and the facing angle of the wood fibres in relation to the kerf and shape of the wood surface that comes in contact with the tip of the guide bar. This paper investigates chainsaw kickback including the research results on kickback and wood-cutting energy, saw chain speed and the efficiency of the chainsaw engine. It also presents conclusions drawn from the tests that can be useful for chainsaw users, showing the dependencies between the different properties of wood and the risk of injury.     

Measuring coupling forces woodcutters exert on saws in real working conditions

Prolonged exposure to hand-arm vibration (HAV) generated by chainsaws can cause HAV syndrome, i.e., disorders in the upper extremities of forestry workers. Progress of HAV syndrome depends on the intensity of mechanical vibration transmitted throughout the body, which is directly proportional to coupling forces applied by the woodcutter to a vibrating tool. This study aimed to establish a method of measuring coupling forces exerted by chainsaw workers in real working conditions. Coupling forces exerted by workers with their right and left hands were measured with a hydro-electronic force meter. Wood hardness, the type of chainsaw and the kind of forest operation, i.e., felling, cross-cutting or limbing, were considered.     

机械产品安全性评价的研究

产品的本质安全化,是改善劳动条件,提高全社会安全水平的重要保障。产品的安全性评价,是判断产品本质安全程度的主要依据。本文以机械产品为例,在调查研究和统计分析的基础上,运用统计权数理论和模糊综合评判方法,提出了机械产品安全性评价指标体系和量化方法。     

基于无线射频识别(RFID)技术的肉制品安全监控系统模糊综合评价

在无线射频识别(RFID)技术的肉制品安全监控系统中肉制品物流流程和影响因素分析的基础上,运用模糊综合评价给出主因素权重的计算原理;结合企业肉制品安全监控系统的具体情况,选择了评价指标并进行综合分析,建立了肉制品监控体系安全现状评价模型;在确定因素权重时,采用定性和定量相结合的层次分析法(AHP),其结果表明:权重的赋值科学合理,较好地反映了各因素对企业安全程度的重要程度和评判等级,所建立的多层次评价体系客观地反映了肉制品企业的安全状况,对肉制品加工企业安全监控具有重要的参考价值。     

Evaluating the effectiveness of a logger safety training program

INTRODUCTION: Logger safety training programs are rarely, if ever, evaluated as to their effectiveness in reducing injuries. METHOD: Workers' compensation claim rates were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a logger safety training program, the West Virginia Loggers' Safety Initiative (LSI). RESULTS: There was no claim rate decline detected in the majority (67%) of companies that participated in all 4 years of the LSI. Furthermore, their rate did not differ from the rest of the WV logging industry that did not participate in the LSI. Worker turnover was significantly related to claim rates; companies with higher turnover of employees had higher claim rates. Companies using feller bunchers to harvest trees at least part of the time had a significantly lower claim rate than companies not using them. Companies that had more inspections per year had lower claim rates. CONCLUSIONS: High injury rates persist even in companies that receive safety training; high employee turnover may affect the efficacy of training programs. The logging industry should be encouraged to facilitate the mechanization of logging tasks, to address barriers to employee retention, and to increase the number of in-the-field performance monitoring inspections. Impact on industry There are many states whose logger safety programs include only about 4-8 hours of safe work practices training. These states may look to West Virginia's expanded training program (the LSI) as a model for their own programs. However, the LSI training may not be reaching loggers due to the delay in administering training to new employees and high levels of employee turnover. Regardless of training status, loggers' claim rates decline significantly the longer they work for a company. It may be that high injury rates in the state of West Virginia would be best addressed by finding ways to encourage and facilitate companies to become more mechanized in their harvesting practices, and to increase employee tenure. Increasing the number of yearly performance inspections may also be a venue to reduce claim rates. Future research could investigate in better detail the working conditions of West Virginia loggers and identify barriers to job tenure, particularly for workers whose primary job task is chainsaw operation. A larger-scale study of the effect of performance monitoring inspections on claim rates is also warranted.     

Product safety – Principles and practices in a life cycle perspective

This article describes a new product life cycle model that can be used by producers to improve safety and to prevent defective products from being placed on the market. The model has eight phases and the article describes and discusses the required safety-related issues in each phase. Analytical methods that should be used in the various phases are identified. Both consumer and industrial products are covered. The article outlines main product safety requirements with focus on European product safety legislation. The concept adequate safety is introduced as an acceptance criterion for the producer during the product development process, and factors that should be taken into account when deciding whether or not a product has adequate safety are discussed.     

低碳农业对农产品安全的影响研究

针对我国现代农业、农产品生产及安全的现状,深入分析高碳农业对农产品安全的危害,阐述低碳农业与农产品安全的关系,探讨低碳农业对农产品安全的保障机理,探索发展低碳农业、保障农产品安全实现的途径。通过对英国、美国以及国内有机农业实践的研究,指出保障农产品安全的关键因素是将农业的生态系统和经济系统结合起来,减少以化石燃料为基础的要素投入,提高农业系统生产力。该研究成果对加快转变农业发展模式,实现农业可持续发展,降低农产品的安全隐患具有一定的理论指导和实践参考价值。     

Development of inherent safety and health index for formulated product design

The numerous formulated products which are introduced to the market consist of chemical ingredients that may cause various safety and health hazards to the consumers. Therefore, it is extremely important to practice a systematic methodology to formulate products with acceptable safety and health performances. This work presents an index-based methodology to assess the safety and health hazards of the ingredients during the early formulation stage of product design. Hence, new inherent safety and health sub-indexes are introduced to improve the current safety and health hazards that are needed in formulated product design. The inherent safety and health sub-indexes are assigned with scores based on the degree of potential hazards. A higher score indicates a higher safety risk or severe health effect, and vice versa. The proposed methodology will greatly assist the users to identify the adverse safety and health effects caused by the ingredients. Hence, it is pivotal to eliminate or reduce the safety and health impacts from product usage. A case study on common ingredients used in the formulation of paint is presented on this study to describe the proposed method.