珍稀药用真菌——樟芝深层发酵培养条件的优化

对樟芝深层发酵培养基进行了筛选,并在此基础上对发酵条件进行了优化。以樟芝深层发酵菌丝体三萜产量为主要目标产物,确定发酵培养条件为:40g/L葡萄糖,6g/L豆饼粉,1g/L K_2HPO_4,0．5g/L MgSO4,VB_1 100mg/L,自然pH,接种量为20%,装液量为100mL/250mL三角瓶,转速100r/min,26℃恒温培养6d,胞内三萜产量达15．25mg/100mL发酵液。     

樟芝的食用安全性研究进展

樟芝在台湾有悠久的食用历史,具有显著的保健作用。但由于未被国家卫生部批准,而无法进入大陆市场。目前已有多个研究机构对樟芝子实体与菌丝体安全性进行研究,急性毒性试验表明樟芝为无毒级物质,基因毒性试验,微核试验,染色体结构变异分析,30天、90天喂食毒性试验及致畸试验中,均未出现阳性反应,证明樟芝的安全性是有保障的。根据食品安全评估的要求,樟芝作为食品和药品的新原料是可行的。 更多还原     

樟芝菌丝体的氨基酸成分分析

测定了樟芝发酵菌丝体中游离氨基酸和结合氨基酸的含量。结果表明,樟芝菌丝体中含有丰富的8种人体必需氨基酸、支链氨基酸和谷氨酸,其中8种必需氨基酸含量是FAO(联合国粮农组织)标准的5.55倍,而芳香族氨基酸的含量却很低。在测定过程中,由于采用了酸水解,菌丝体中的色氨酸被破坏,而其余17种氨基酸均被测出,含量极其丰富。尤其是支链氨基酸的含量远大于α-酪蛋白、卵蛋白和大豆球蛋白。     

樟芝对氮素营养源利用的研究

采用 5种不同的氮素营养源 ,配制合成液体培养基 ,测定各种氮源对樟芝菌丝液体深层培养的影响。结果表明 ,樟芝对 5种氮源的利用表现明显的差异性 ,对有机氮利用较好 ,尤其是酵母膏 ,无论是菌球数量还是菌体收率均高于蛋白胨。酵母膏的菌球数量达 1 2 5 8个 /dL,比蛋白胨多出 63 8个 ;菌体干重为 7 2 1 6g/dL比蛋白胨高出 1 45 0g/dL。樟芝对无机氮的利用不如有机氮 ,其中对硫酸铵能够利用 ,而对硝酸铵的利用较差 ,对碳酸铵基本不能利用。樟芝菌丝在液体深层培养过程中 ,pH值变化幅度不大 ,基本处于平缓状态。有机氮处理的发酵液起始pH值与终止pH值呈上升趋势 ,而无机氮处理的发酵液pH值呈下降趋势 ,但下降的幅度不大 ,尤其是碳酸铵 ,pH值一直处于偏碱性状态 ,不适合樟芝菌丝的生长。樟芝在马铃薯基础培养基中 ,不同氮源的各个处理 ,菌球生长都比较均匀 ,表面光滑 ,没有分枝 ,圆形或肾形 ,且发酵液有浓郁的果香味。     

樟芝液体发酵粉对肝癌H22的体内生长抑制作用(英文)

本文采用肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤模型,对樟芝液体发酵粉的体内抗肿瘤活性进行评价。结果表明,樟芝液体发酵粉(500或1000 mg/kg b.w.)能够体内显著抑制H22肿瘤的生长,抑制率分别为42.0%和46.4%。同时,与模型组相比,樟芝发酵粉能够延长荷瘤小鼠的生存周期,延长率为29.4%。组织病理学研究结果表明,模型组小鼠的肿瘤细胞生长旺盛,而樟芝发酵粉处理组的小鼠肿瘤细胞具有明显的皱缩和坏死症状。樟芝发酵产物具有较好的体内抗肿瘤活性。     

基于人工神经网络-遗传算法的樟芝发酵培养基优化

采用优化模型对药用丝状真菌樟芝的复杂发酵过程进行建模,并获得最优发酵培养基组成.对樟芝发酵过程中的形态变化过程进行了观察,并分别采用人工神经网络(ANN)和响应面法(RSM)对樟芝发酵过程进行建模,同时采用遗传算法(GA)优化了发酵培养基组成.结果表明,ANN模型比RSM模型具有更好的实验数据拟合能力和预测能力,GA计算得到樟芝生物量理论最大值为6.2 g/L,并获得发酵最佳接种量及培养基组成:孢子浓度1.76× 105个/mL,葡萄糖29.1 g/L,蛋白胨9.4 g/L,黄豆粉2.8 g/L.在最佳培养条件下,樟芝生物量为(6.1±0.2)g/L.基于ANN-GA的优化方法可用于优化其他丝状真菌的复杂发酵过程,从而获得生物量或活性代谢产物.     

樟芝液体发酵粉化学成分分析

对樟芝发酵粉的化学成分进行较全面的分析.包括水分、灰分、脂肪、蛋白、纤维、还原糖、氨基酸、矿物元素、多糖、三萜、总酚.结果表明,樟芝发酵粉粗蛋白含量为47.78%,氨基酸含量为36.71%.不饱和脂肪酸是优势脂肪酸,以亚油酸,油酸为主.还含有丰富的多糖、三萜类化合物、酚类物质和多种矿物元素.樟芝发酵粉的营养价值较高.     

液体发酵法筛选樟芝优良诱变新菌株的研究

对3个樟芝野生菌株和5个物理诱变菌株进行液体发酵,通过测定发酵液黏度变化情况,观测培养性状、菌球及粗提物产量和多糖、蛋白质及三萜含量,从中筛选出适宜液体发酵的多糖、三萜及蛋白质高产优良菌株。试验结果显示：供试的8个樟芝菌株生长曲线基本一致,其中,菌株327和Gg生长速度较快,培养的第9–10天开始出现菌丝自溶现象;经过筛选,327菌株为多糖和蛋白质高产菌株,多糖和蛋白质的产量分别比出发菌株提高238.20%和10.33%;Gg为三萜高产菌株,三萜产量比出发菌株提高57.86%。野生樟芝菌株经物理诱变效果明显。     

响应面法优化深层发酵樟芝总三萜的提取工艺(英文)

采用响应面法对樟芝深层培养中总三萜的提取工艺进行优化。根据Box-Benhnken的中心组合实验设计原理,在单因素实验的基础上,选取溶剂浓度、提取温度和液固比为变量,应用响应面法进行三因素三水平的实验设计。以总三萜得率作为响应值,建立了樟芝总三萜提取的回归模型,对其提取条件进行进一步优化。结果表明,优化的总三萜提取条件为乙醇浓度86%,提取温度75℃,液固比37。进一步的实验也验证了该模型的有效性。     

樟芝提取物体外抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型的初步研究

樟芝是台湾特有的珍稀药用真菌,具有抗癌、抗炎、抗病毒等多种功效。为了考察液体发酵樟芝菌丝体水提取物和乙醇提取物对单纯性疱疹病毒II型的抑制作用,本文采用MTT法测定樟芝提取物对细胞的毒性和对病毒的抑制作用。试验结果表明樟芝水提取物和乙醇提取物对Vero细胞有微弱毒性,但是1.5mg/mL的乙醇提取物和2.5mg/mL的水提取物对细胞基本无毒性,二者对单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型均有抑制作用,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.30mg/mL和1.32mg/mL。樟芝水提取物和乙醇提取物在体外对单纯疱疹病毒均有显著的抑制作用。     

Production of a COX-2 inhibitor, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, with submerged cultured Antrodia camphorata

AIMS: To investigate the active ingredient in fruiting bodies and to produce it with cultured mycelium in Antrodia camphorata (BCRC 35398). METHODS AND RESULTS: The volatile components from the fruiting bodies, the liquid cultured broth of A. camphorata and Cinnamomum kanehirae wood were separately isolated by steam distillation-solvent extraction and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the fruiting bodies, a COX-2 inhibitor 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (TMBA) was found to be the most abundant constituent, but was totally absent in its cultured broth and its natural host, C. kanehirae wood. On feeding with the acid-digested sawdust of C. kanehirae wood or vanillin to the broth for culture, TMBA was produced in both cultured broths. CONCLUSION: The TMBA identified in fruiting bodies was an active ingredient whose functions consisted with the reported experiences of this mushroom. Feeding vanillin to culture broth could produce TMBA containing mycelium product like its fruiting bodies did. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study found an active ingredient in fruiting bodies of A. camphorata and elucidated this compound derived from digested sawdust of C. kanehirae wood. A feasible method was also developed to produce TMBA containing mycelium by feeding vanillin.     

Comparative evaluation of antioxidant, nitrite scavenging, and antitumor effects of Antrodia camphorata extract

The effects of decoctions prepared from Antrodia camphorata on antioxidant, nitrite scavenging, and antitumor activities were investigated. Glutathione (GSH) production was 18.2 μM/g of rat liver under the influence of a methanol extract, a result similar to with the effect of silymarin administration. GSH peroxidase activity was about 2.0-fold higher than with silymarin administration. Superoxide dismutase activity was 18.9 U/mg protein, about 2.5-fold higher than the control group. The hot water extract (1000 μg/mL) showed the highest nitrite scavenging activity at 98.1%, similar to those observed with BHA and vitamin E. Among a variety of human cancer cell lines, when the concentration of hot water extract was increased from 31 to 500 μg/mL, the viability of Hep3B cell was decreased from 100 to 60.7%. On the other hand, in the case of methanol extract, it was decreased from 98.4 to 10.0%. These results supported the conclusion that the antioxidant, nitrite scavenging, and antitumor activities of this A. camphorata methanol extract indicate a potential source for the development of various health supplements and pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts from mycelia of Antrodia camphorata cultured with water-soluble fractions from five different Cinnamomum species

We have previously reported that polysaccharides extracted from fruiting bodies or cultured mycelia of Antrodia camphorata exhibit an anti-hepatitis B virus effect. In this study, we intended to elucidate the anti-inflammatory potency of six mycelial extracts, namely PDB-ext, CK-ext, CM-ext, CO-ext, CC-ext, and CKO-ext, isolated from mycelia of A. camphorata cultured with six different media including potato dextrose broth (PDB) and five water-soluble fractions from the wood of different Cinnamomum species, i.e. C. kanehirae (CK), C. micranthum (CM), C. osmophloeum (CO), C. camphora (CC), and C. kotoense (CKO), against reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in peripheral human neutrophils (PMN) or mononuclear cells (MNC). ROS produced by PMN or MNC act as inflammatory mediators and also signal immune responses. Pretreatment with these mycelial extracts (1-50 microg ml(-1)) concentration-dependently diminished fMLP- or PMA-induced ROS production in PMN or MNC, as measured by lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence, with 50% inhibition concentrations (IC(50)) ranging from 2 to 20 microg ml(-1). Among these extracts evaluated, CM-ext, CO-ext, or CKO-ext exhibited higher potency than the others. Using high performance liquid chromatography, we identified two lanostane-type compounds, i.e. dehydrosulfurenic acid and 15alpha-acetyl-dehydrosulfurenic acid, which could be involved in the anti-inflammatory actions of these extracts. The anti-inflammatory actions of these extracts were not due to cytotoxic effects. In summary, these data suggest that extracts from cultured mycelia of A. camphorata display anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ROS production in human leukocytes at a pharmacologically applicable concentration. The biological activities of these extracts were further promoted when the culture medium was replaced with water-soluble fractions isolated from the wood of CM, CO or CKO.     

Proteomic analysis of the effect of Antrodia camphorata extract on human lung cancer A549 cell

Antrodia camphorata (niu-chang-chih) is a fungus native to Taiwan that is believed to be effective in preventing diseases. This study demonstrates that 0.2-2% v/v ethanol extracts of A. camphorata cultivated by solid-state fermentation (SACE) can effectively impede the proliferation of human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells but not primary human fetal lung fibroblast MRC-5. The results of apoptotic analyses implicate that SACE might trigger the apoptosis in the A549 cells by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Two-dimensional gel maps of non-treated and treated A549 cells were compared using PDQUEST analytical software to discover five statistically significant twofold or above-twofold differentially-expressed protein spots. The five protein spots that were significantly de-regulated were chosen for subsequent identification by high performance liquid chromatography electro-spray tandem mass spectrometry. The five proteins were later identified as human galectin-1, human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A, human Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha, human calcium-dependent protease small subunit and human annexin V. All five proteins were confirmed to be down-regulated by Western blotting. The analytical results of this study help to provide insight into the effect of SACE on the gene expression of the tumor cells.     

紫萁的药用及食用价值(综述)

本文阐述蕨类植物紫萁的药用及食用价值。     

新疆药用资源植物及其开发利用现状

为使新疆药用植物研究在开发利用中更具现实意义,本文通过调查和文献资料查阅总结出新疆主要药用植物种类、主要药用植物资源量及药效、药用植物研究已完成的工作及研究现状。由此提出对新疆药用植物开发利用的几点建议,以利于更好地对新疆药用植物的保护、开发及利用。     

长白山区野生食药兼用菌资源调查研究

调查吉林省长白山地区野生食药兼用菌资源,介绍几种具有开发潜力的野生食药兼用菌形态特性、生态习性、食疗保健价值。指出长白山野生食药兼用菌的开发具有广阔前景。     

西藏色季拉山野生药用植物资源多样性及其保护与利用

该研究采取路线调查、样方套记录、野外标本采集鉴定以及查阅文献资料等方法,对色季拉山野生药用植物多样性进行了系统普查分析,为该区野生药用植物资源的保护、利用和系统研究提供科学依据。结果显示:(1)色季拉山共有野生药用植物104科350属647种,其中蕨类植物13科15属22种,裸子植物2科3属9种,被子植物89科332属616种。草本野生药用植物478种,占总种数的73.88%;木本植物169种,占总种数的26.12%;全草类、根与根茎类药用植物最多,分别占药用植物总种数的46.21%和30.14%。(2)含1~5种的单种科和寡种科为绝对多数,占色季拉山野生药用植物总科数的72.11%,但仅占药用植物总种数的22.57%;而含种数最多的7科,只占总科数的6.73%,却共含255种之多,占总种数的39.41%,对色季拉山药用植物资源的构建起主导作用。(3)含有1个种的属最多,占总属数的64.00%,色季拉山药用植物没有明显优势的大属,表明属的构成较为复杂多样。(4)清热是色季拉山药用植物的主要功效,共有260种清热药用植物,占药用植物总种数的40.19%。(5)民族药用植物83科249属360种,占色季拉山野生药用植物总种数的55.64%。其中,藏药植物在民族药用植物中所占比例最大,共有63科156属235种,占民族药用植物总种数65.28%。研究表明,色季拉山野生药用植物种类多样性较高,药用植物生活型、部位、药效、民族用药类型丰富,但部分珍稀濒危资源如云南红景天、天麻、西藏八角莲等个体数量极少,建议建立专门的保护区,加强对野生药用植物资源及其原生境的保护,并加强人工繁育研究,针对资源储量制定适度合理的采摘利用量,以期实现野生药用植物资源的可持续利用。