荔枝果皮过氧化物酶的纯化及部分酶学性质研究

经硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-Sepharose和Sephadex G-75柱层析分离,从荔枝果皮中分离提纯了过氧化物酶(POD),该酶被纯化了12．5倍,产率为1．9％。经SDS-PAGE确定为单一条带。该酶最适反应温度为35℃,对热具有较强的稳定性,经75℃处理30min,酶活性只损失50％。最适pH约为6．5,但在pH4．0—8．0范围内活力仍比较稳定。该酶在25℃和0．05mol／L磷酸缓冲液(pH7．0)条件下对愈创木酚、邻苯二酚和没食子酸的Km分别是2．75、12．4和12．8mmol／L。二硫苏糖醇和抗坏血酸能完全抑制POD活性,L-半胱氨酸、柠檬酸、FeS04、GSH、SDS和ZnS04对POD活性有一定的抑制作用,而FeCl,和CuSOt对POD则有较好的激活作用。     

温特曲霉延胡索酸酶的提纯及性质研究

报道经硫酸鱼精蛋白沉淀、硫酸铵分级沉淀和葡聚糖凝胶G-200柱层析,再经冰冻干燥后从温特曲霉F-871菌体中获得延胡索酸酶,纯化倍数为31.70,回收率为36.64％,酶比活性为24.6U/mg。酶学性质研究表明:酶作用最适pH和温度分别为8.0和30℃,稳定pH范围为6.0～8.5,酶在35℃下保温30min后仍残留约90％以上的活力。     

高产天冬氨酸酶的大肠杆菌细胞的固定化

用聚乙烯醇凝胶包埋具有高活力天冬氨酸酶的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)No.1细胞。该酶的表现活力高达1638 00u／g湿细胞,酶活力的回收率为97．5％。固定化细胞和游离细胞天冬氨酸酶的最适pH均为8．0,最适温度分别为40—45℃和40—55℃。二价金属离子Mn2+、Mg2+、Ca2+和Fe2+对热钝化的天冬氨酸酶活力具有保护作用。在37—45℃下,两种细胞的热稳定性相同。二者在pH6．0的柠檬酸缓冲液中比较稳定。固定化细胞在1mol／L、pH8．0的底物溶液(内含Mn2+1mmol／L)中于4℃冰箱保存6个月,天冬氨酸酶的活力保持不变。用固定化细胞柱连续生产L-天冬氨酸,底物转化为产物的转化率达95％以上;产物的总 收率为91．1％。固定化细胞柱连续运转40天,天冬氨酸酶活力仍保持最初酶活力的90％。     

固定化青霉素V酰化酶的制备及性质

尖镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)FP941青霉素V酰化酶经γ氧化铝吸附洗脱、硫酸铵沉淀和脱盐处理后,固定在环氧丙烯聚合物载体上,湿固定化酶表现活力为217 IU/g,固定化产率为53%。固定化酶作用最适温度为55℃,最适pH为80;在pH50～110及50℃以下稳定;37℃使用25次后,酶活力保留90%。     

以Fe(III) 改性胶原纤维为载体固定过氧化氢酶

将胶原纤维用三价铁改性后作为载体,通过戊二醛的交联作用将过氧化氢酶固定在该载体上。制备的固定化过氧化氢酶蛋白固载量为16.7 mg/g,酶活收率为35％。研究了固定化酶与自由酶的最适pH、最适温度、热稳定性、贮存稳定性及操作稳定性。结果表明：过氧化氢酶经此法固定化后,最适pH及最适温度与自由酶相同,分别为pH 7.0和25 ℃;但固定化酶的热稳定性显著提高,在75 ℃保存5 h后,仍能保留30％的活力,而自由酶则完全失活;固定化酶在室温下保存12 d后,酶活力仍保持在88％以上,而自由酶在此条件下则完全失     

分枝犁头霉a-半乳糖苷酶的纯化和性质

分枝犁头霉菌丝体球经金刚砂磨碎用水提取的粗酶液,用两种方法纯化,一是用制备垂直平板凝胶电泳;另一是经硫酸铵分级沉淀、Sephadex G-200、DEAE-Sephadcx A50及羟基磷灰石等柱层析。这两种方法纯化后的样品经PACE鉴定皆为均一带,无其他糖苷酶活性。酶反应最适温室为55—60℃,在50℃保温7h,剩余活力为50％,70℃保温10min,则全部失活。最适pH为5．0,pH6．0一8．5稳定。     

几丁质酶产生菌筛选鉴定及产酶性能研究

从土壤样品中筛选得到一株高产几丁质酶菌株C65-2,经形态学观察和18S rDNA序列测定,鉴定为Aspergillus fumigatus,对产酶培养基进行初步优化,测得最高酶活可达6.9U/ml,酶活力较优化之前提高了210%。酶学性质研究表明该几丁质酶分子量约为20kDa,酶在60℃下保温50min酶活降为0,最适酶反应温度是55℃,酶反应最适pH为7.0,Mg2+,Cu2+对酶反应有促进作用,Fe3+对酶反应有抑制作用。     

以Fe(Ⅲ)改性胶原纤维为载体固定过氧化氢酶

将胶原纤维用三价铁改性后作为载体,通过戊二醛的交联作用将过氧化氢酶固定在该载体上.制备的固定化过氧化氢酶蛋白固载量为16.7 mg/g,酶活收率为35％.研究了固定化酶与自由酶的最适pH、最适温度、热稳定性、贮存稳定性及操作稳定性.结果表明:过氧化氢酶经此法固定化后,最适pH及最适温度与自由酶相同,分别为pH 7.0和25℃;但固定化酶的热稳定性显著提高,在75℃保存5 h后,仍能保留30％的活力,而自由酶则完全失活;固定化酶在室温下保存12 d后,酶活力仍保持在88％以上,而自由酶在此条件下则完全失活;此外,固定化过氧化氢酶还表现出了良好的操作稳定性,在室温下连续反应26次后,相对活力为57％.该研究表明胶原纤维可作为固定化过氧化     

黑曲霉纤维素酶的纯化及酶学性质研究

黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger)固态发酵后粗酶液经硫酸铵盐析,2次SephadexG-200柱层析后可提纯8倍左右.CMC酶最适作用温度为60℃,最适作用pH为3.5,30℃～70℃区间酶活力较稳定,在pH3.0～5.0范围内,50℃保温30min能保持80%的酶活力.CMC酶的Km、Vmax值分别为7.69%CMCg/ml、0.33mg/ml·     

谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)的固定化及酶学特性研究

对谷胱甘肽硫转移酶的固定化、游离酶和固定化酶的酶学特性进行了研究,通过试验,确定谷胱甘肽硫转移酶的最佳固定化条件为先用2％壳聚糖吸附酶,然后再加戊二醛交联,交联用戊二醛浓度为1．2％,交联时间6h;游离酶的最适温度为45—55℃,最适pH值为6．5-7．0：固定化酶的最适温度为45-50℃,最适pH值为7．0;游离酶和固定化酶的最适酶促反应时间为30min。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.