等通道转角挤压处理的镁合金AZ31的低周疲劳行为

研究了一道次等通道转角挤压(ECAP)处理的镁合金AZ31挤压棒材的低周疲劳行为,结果表明:在塑性应变幡为0.5％时,材料表现出显著地循环软化;而在应变幅不大于0.2％时,基本表现为循环稳定或微弱的循环软化.疲劳裂纹主要萌生于细晶区,并沿着细晶区扩展,并导致最终的断裂.     

AZ91镁合金等通道转角挤压有限元分析

以AZ91镁合金为研究对象,建立了等通道转角挤压三维模型。运用DEFORM-3D有限元软件进行了模拟,分析了温度和摩擦条件对AZ91等通道转角挤压过程中的等效应变、挤压力的影响。结果表明:试样在两通道转角处的变形较剧烈;随着温度的升高,等通道转角挤压所需要的最大挤压力变小;摩擦系数越大,等效应变变化梯度越大,塑性变形均匀性越低。     

工艺参数对AZ31镁合金等通道转角挤压过程中挤压力的影响

建立了等通道转角挤压有限元分析模型,对不同模具内角、外角半径以及不同摩擦系数条件下的等通道转角挤压过程进行了模拟,分析了模具内角、外角半径以及不同摩擦系数变化对挤压过程中挤压力变化和各阶段挤压力峰值的影响,并以AZ31镁合金为试验对象进行了挤压试验,获得挤压力变化曲线,对模拟分析结果进行了验证。结果表明:模具内角对挤压力大小有较大影响,各挤压阶段内挤压力峰值随内角增加而显著减小,而模具外角半径增加仅减小TA段内挤压力峰值,对TB和TC挤压力影响较小;摩擦系数对挤压力大小影响明显,随着摩擦系数的增加,挤压力不断增加,TA和TB段内挤压力峰值呈线性增加。     

AZ31镁合金等通道转角挤压变形均匀性有限元分析

以AZ31镁合金为研究对象,通过对不同模具外角ECAP变形过程的有限元模拟,研究不同模具外角下AZ31镁合金ECAP变形的等效应变分布.利用微观组织观察以及硬度测试,分析等效应变分布对微观组织及力学性能影响.结果表明:当模具外角ψ为20.时,工件可以获得均匀的等效应变分布.AZ31镁合金经过ECAP挤压后,微观组织显著细化,力学性能明显改善,但平均晶粒尺寸及微观维氏硬度在工件横截面上分布不均匀,等效应变分布的不均匀性是导致材料微观组织和力学性能不均匀的主要因素之一.     

变形温度对AZ31镁合金等通道转角挤压变形行为的影响

通过建立镁合金等通道转角挤压过程的热力耦合有限元分析模型,对其变形过程中的温度场分布进行分析,并通过微观组织观察和XRD分析,获取变形温度对镁合金变形行为的影响规律。结果表明:等通道挤压过程中试件温度分布不均匀,在模具转角剪切部位温度显著升高,且存在明显的温度梯度。XRD分析和微观组织观察显示,AZ31镁合金变形后,锥面衍射强度显著增强,且镁合金的再结晶速度随着变形温度的升高而显著加快。结合变形过程中温度场的分布状况,建议AZ31镁合金等通道转角挤压的合理变形温度设定为250℃。     

不同温度下AZ31镁合金等通道转角挤压工艺模拟分析

采用Deform-3D有限元软件,在挤压温度为250~400℃条件下,对AZ31镁合金等径角挤压工艺进行了数值模拟,主要分析塑形成型过程中的挤压载荷、等效应力和等效应变的变化规律。结果表明,AZ31镁合金塑形成型过程中挤压载荷分为3个阶段:无明显变形阶段、快速增长阶段和稳定变形阶段。挤压载荷随着挤压温度的增加显著下降,试样的等效应力分布不均,模具转角处等效应力较大,存在应力集中现象,等效应变逐渐增加,在转角剪切区最大。试样经过ECAP变形后,心部等效应变大,从内向外应变呈减小的趋势,试样上部等效应变较大,下部等效应变相对较小,组织均匀性较好。     

温度对AZ80镁合金等通道转角挤压组织性能的影响

对镁合金AZ80分别在温度320℃和200℃下进行多道次等通道转角挤压。在较高温度320℃挤压时,晶粒尺寸先减少后增加,硬度先增加后降低。在较低温度200℃下挤压,初始道次挤压后,材料内位错密度和孪晶含量增加,相对应的硬度增加幅度显著;挤压4道次后,大部分区域晶粒细化到200nm左右。受晶粒细化强化与织构软化的共同作用,硬度较前两道次增加幅度不明显。     

等通道挤压镁合金工艺的研究

采用等通道挤压(ECAP)对AZ91镁合金在预热温度为350、400、450、500 ℃下进行了2、4、6、8、10道次的挤压.采用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜分析了试样经过不同的变形工艺的显微组织变化.结果表明,随着挤压道次和变形温度的增加,ECAP变形后的试样表面形态愈加平滑光洁,晶粒可细化到几微米,在透射电镜下观察ECAP后的显微组织,晶粒内部出现高密度位错,产生位错塞积.第二相粒子阻碍位错运动,从而促进动态再结晶,对细化晶粒起着重要作用.     

ECHE挤压对AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响

提出了等通道螺旋转角挤压(equal channel helix angular extrusion,ECHE)变形方法,采用Deform-3D平台的有限元模拟、OM、SEM、TEM、拉伸试验等方法,研究了ECHE制造AZ31镁合金轻质螺栓坯料的挤压工艺、温度场、合金流动情况、组织和性能。结果表明:在变形温度为380℃,挤压速度为3mm·s-1时,合金变形均匀,不易出现挤压缺陷;等通道螺旋转角挤压变形可以显著细化AZ31镁合金晶粒;其挤压过程中晶粒细化机制为晶粒破碎和动态再结晶;挤压后的平均晶粒尺寸为3～5μm,且合金晶粒大小均匀;力学性能较铸态大幅度提高,室温抗拉强度和屈服强度分别由209和104MPa提高到286和165MPa,延伸率由11%提高到26.4%,拉伸断口呈现为韧窝断裂和准解理断裂的混合特征。     

AZ31镁合金挤压管材力学性能测试

基于圆柱体弹性压缩和厚壁管受内压塑性变形的应力应变分析,得到了测试管件力学性能的方法。在WDW-100kN的试验机上对AZ31镁合金管材弹性内模胀形试验,测得该管材的屈服强度、抗拉强度及伸长率。     

等通道角挤压变形AZ31镁合金的变形行为

研究挤压态和等通道角挤压(EcAE)态AZ31镁合金的变形行为与微观组织的相关性.结果表明,ECAE态AZ31镁合金的室温拉伸屈服强度与晶粒尺寸之间表现出反Hall-Petch关系,且拉压不对称性明显减弱;在室温压缩时表现出应变速率敏感性,并随变形温度升高,应变速率敏感性因子变大.挤压态合金的晶粒度为20 μm,具有典型的挤压丝织构,主要变形方式为基面位错滑移和孪生,导致了合金中明显的拉压不对称性.ECAE态合金平均品粒尺寸约为2μm,织构相对随机化,导致合金压缩时孪生比率明显下降,其他变形模式比率增加,提高了变形抗力,降低了拉压不对称性.ECAE态AZ31镁合金压缩的激活能接近其晶界扩散激活能,晶界滑移在一定程度上导致了合金的反Hall-Peteh关系的出现以及应变速率敏感性的增强.     

Friction stir welding of AZ31 magnesium alloys processed by equal channel angular pressing

Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is an effective thermo-mechanical process to make ultrafine grains.An investigation was carried out on the friction stir welding (FSW) of ECAPed AZ31 magnesium alloys with a thickness of 15 mm.For different process parameters,the optimum FSW conditions of ECAPed AZ31 magnesium alloys were examined.The basic characterization of weld formation and the mechanical properties of the joints were discussed.The results show that the effect of welding parameters on welding quality was evident and welding quality was sensitive to welding speed.Sound joints could be obtained when the welding speed was 37.5 mm/min and the rotation speed of the stir tool was 750 r/min.The maximum tensile strength (270 MPa) of FSW was 91% that of the base materials.The value of microhardness varied between advancing side and retreating side because of the speed field near the pin of the stir tool,which weakened the deformed stress field.The value of microhardness of the welding zone was lower than that of the base materials.The maximum value was located near the heat-affected zone (HAZ).Remarkable ductile character was observed from the fracture morphologies of welded joints.     

AZ31镁合金板材等径角轧制变形规律研究

对等径角轧制过程中AZ31镁合金板材的应力应变状态进行了分析,采用有限元对不同通道间隙下板材的应变状态进行了模拟,研究了不同通道间隙下镁合金板材晶粒取向的演变规律及其对晶粒取向的影响。结果表明,在等径角轧制过程中,板材在模具转角处受到剪应力和压应力的作用;随通道间隙的增加,板材的变形由剪切变形演变为剪切+弯曲变形,甚至弯曲变形;由于剪应力的作用,AZ31镁合金板材的晶粒取向由普通轧制所形成的基面取向转变为等径角轧制后的非基面取向,随着剪切变形量的减小,基面沿轧制方向的偏转角度也逐渐减小。     

Effects of die angle on microstructures and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

1　INTRODUCTIONMagnesiumalloysarethelightestmetallicstruc turalmaterialsandhencetheyprovidegreatpotentialintheweightsavingofautomotiveandaerospacecomponents ,materialhandlingequipment ,portabletoolsandevensportinggoods[1,2 ] .Duetotheirhexago nalclose packed (HCP)crystalstructure ,magnesiumalloysperform poorformabilityandlimitedductilityatroomtemperature ,thustheirproductsaremainlyfabricatedbycasting ,inparticular ,die casting ,andtheapplicationsofwroughtmagnesiumalloysarelim ited .Nowit…     

The equal channel angular pressing of magnesium and magnesium alloy powders

Applications for magnesium powders have generally been restricted to the area of pyrotechnology, but with improved safety measures and novel processing technologies there are now more opportunities opening up for magnesium powder metallurgy components. Conventional powder metallurgy involving liquid phase sintering may not be a viable option, however, due to the high reactivity of molten magnesium in air. Solid-state consolidation processes are therefore desirable, with direct powder extrusion and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) offering real alternatives to the conventional press/sinter routes. With this move toward purely solid-state metallurgy come opportunities for alternative alloy design strategies, potentially leading to microstructures not readily achieved through traditional casting routes. This paper will discuss the suitability of the ECAP route for magnesium powder compaction and explore the novel alloying strategies that become available with the success of these solid-state powder metallurgical processes.     

等径角挤压制备超细晶CNTs/AZ31镁基复合材料研究

采用模角为90°的模具对退火处理后的AZ31镁基碳纳米管复合材料进行了等径角挤压实验.结果表明:AZ31镁基碳纳米管复合材料经过一道次的等通道角挤压后,复合材料中就有大量的超细晶粒出现.随着道次数增加,超细晶粒比例逐渐增多.四道次挤压后复合材料晶粒尺寸达到1～5μm,显微硬度得到显著提高.     

等径角轧制AZ31镁合金板材的组织与性能

采用等径角轧制工艺制备了AZ31镁合金板材.结果表明:经等径角轧制后的板材,晶粒取向由等径角轧制前的(0002)基面取向演化为基面与非基面共存的取向.与等径角轧制前的板材相比,板材晶粒尺寸略有长大并有孪晶出现,但强度却明显提高,而断裂延伸率变化不大,尤其是1个道次轧制的板材其抗拉强度由等径角轧制前的240增大到275 MPa,屈服强度由193.8增大到239.2 MPa;随着等径角轧制道次的增加,板材的强度逐渐降低,至第4个道次其抗拉强度仅为250 MPa,屈服强度为207.3 MPa.     

Numerical and physical simulation of new SPD method combining extrusion and equal channel angular pressing for AZ31 magnesium alloy

A new serve plastic deformation(SPD) including initial forward extrusion and subsequent shearing process(ES) was proposed.The influence of the ES forming on the grain refinement of the microstructure was researched.The components of ES forming die were manufactured and installed to Gleeble1500D thermo-mechanical simulator.The microstructure observations were carried out on the as-extruded rods(as-received) and ES formed rods.From the simulation results,ES forming can increase the cumulative strain enormousl...     

AZ31镁合金变通道角挤压工艺

将Φ40mm×50mm的AZ31镁合金圆棒经变通道角挤压(Change channel angular extrusion,CCAE)成厚度约为5mm的板材。通过TEM观察表明,AZ31镁合金的形核机制主要是动态再结晶形核。结果表明,经CCAE变形后,由晶粒的剪切破碎和动态再结晶使得镁合金晶粒明显细化。内角、挤压比、挤压温度和挤压速率等对板材的显微组织结构有重要的影响。在100~450℃温度范围内进行CCAE变形,AZ31镁合金的晶粒尺寸随变形温度的升高而增大。AZ31镁合金经CCAE热变形后,合金的综合力学性能得到改善。