脑出血并急性肾功能衰竭20例临床分析

目的 探讨脑出血并发急性肾功能衰竭的机理及相关因素。降低脑出血时惠性肾功能衰竭的发生率。方法 结合相关献对20例合并急性肾功能衰竭的脑出血患进行分析，总结脑出血引发急性肾功能衰竭的因素。结果 急性脑出血并发急性肾功能衰竭与脑部病变严重导致下丘脑一垂体功能失调、老年人多器官功能减退、长时间使用大剂量脱水剂及肾毒性药物明显相关。结论 合理应用脱水剂，避免使用肾毒性药物、重视肾功能监测并早期进行多系统兼顾治疗，是减少病死率的重要措施。     

严重烧伤并发急性肾衰竭的病因及预防

目的：探讨严重烧伤患者并发急性肾功能衰竭的原因及预防措施。方法：收集本单位1999-01～2009-07间收治并发急性肾衰竭患者28例的临床资料：根据临床表现和实验室检查提出可能的发病原因并探讨其预防措施。结果：本组患者经过治疗,除2例患者死于多器官衰竭外,其余全部痊愈出院。结论：严重烧伤患者并发急性肾衰竭的发病率很高,发病原因与烧伤面积、深度有关,也与休克、感染、弥散性血管内凝血、肾毒性药物的应用、创面处理、营养支持及大量输注库存血有关。对严重烧伤患者并发急性肾功能衰竭的早期诊断和治疗,能有效减少此类患者并发多器官衰竭,促进创面早期愈合有重要意义。     

庆大霉素的肾毒性及其所致的急性肾功能衰竭(附3例分析)

报告3例与庆大霉素治疗有关的急性肾功能衰竭,其中2例单纯为庆大霉素肾中毒所致。另1例虽有外伤史,但庆大霉素的肾毒性不容忽视。通过分折上述3例急性肾功能衰竭的发病原因,就临床上如何合理使用庆大霉素等问题进行了讨论。     

X线造影剂引起的肾病——机制、临床和预防

血管内注射含碘造影剂后可引起急性肾功能受损,其机理是造影检查后,血清肌酐浓度可升高25%或48h内达0.5mg/dl.冠脉造影或冠脉介入治疗后造影剂肾功能损害发生率约为0～44%.以下因素可导致这一并发症:①非依赖因素,即本身肾功能不良者,在使用造影剂后发生肾功能衰竭的可能性极大.②依赖因素:糖尿病、容积性低血压、肾功能储备降低、高龄、肾毒性药物及反复用大剂量造影剂均为危险因素.     

异搏停防治急性肾功能衰竭的实验研究

实验观察了在家兔甘油性急性肾功能衰竭时异搏停对肾脏功能及血流的影响。结果表明,异搏停能增加尿量和肌酐清除率,降低血尿素氮,具有防治急性肾功能衰竭的作用。其机理与增加肾血流量、改善肾皮质缺血区域的血液循环等因素有关。     

脑出血与多脏器功能衰竭的临床分析

目的 探讨脑出血与多脏器功能衰竭(MOF)的病因、发病因素、防治措施。方法 对102例50-80岁急性脑出血患者中并发MOF41例进行分析。结果41例MOF患者共有113个脏器出现功能衰竭,发生频度依次为脑、消化道、呼吸功能、代谢、肾、心、肝。结论 年龄大、既往有慢性病史、脑出血量大者MOF发生率高(P<0.001),衰竭器官越多,死亡率越高(P<0.01);应注意早期监测各脏器功能,合理使用各种诊治手段,预防和减少MOF的发生,减低脑出血的死亡率。     

肾综合征出血热并发ARF血液透析的护理

目的：总结肾综合症出血热并发急性肾功能衰竭(HD)进行血液透析的护理体会。方法：通过分析22例患者在血液透析过程中酌情应用肝素，以防加重出血：严密监测血压，以防低血压等一系列措施。结果：22例患者均HD安全顺利。结论：肾综合症出血热并发急性肾功能衰竭，防止出血、稳定的血压是血液透析过程安全顺利的保证．     

246例急性肾功能衰竭临床资料分析

目的:比较急性肾功能衰竭(acuterenal failure,ARF)老年与青壮年患者的病因、并发症及预后。方法:收集我院肾病科2000年1月至2008年3月临床资料完整的急性肾功能衰竭患者246例,按年龄分为老年组(≥60岁)和青壮年组(<60岁),分析两组患者的病因、预后及并发症等。结果:老年组患者为95例,青壮年组151例;老年组与青壮年组病因构成不同,老年组肾后性比例高于青壮年组(17.89%vs8.61%),而肾性比例低于青壮年组(51.58%vs66.89%)(P<0.05)。老年组的主要病因为感染,其次为血容量不足、恶性肿瘤及肾毒性药物等;青壮年组病因依次为药物、血容量不足、感染、急进性肾小球肾炎、结缔组织病等;与青壮年组相比老年组合并高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病及恶性肿瘤等慢性基础疾病比例高(P<0.05);老年组并发症较多,并发感染、急性左心衰、呼吸衰竭的比例明显高于青壮年组(P<0.05);老年组病死率高于青壮年组(26.32%vs12.58%,P<0.05)。结论:老年ARF患者与青壮年患者病因构成不同,肾前性和肾后性因素较青壮年患者常见;老年ARF最多见病因为感染,青壮年...     

多排螺旋CT扫描对急性肾功能衰竭肾脏血流灌注研究

目的 :通过CT扫描测量肾脏组织血流灌注值 ,探讨螺旋CT对急性肾功能衰竭肾脏血流灌注变化的反映能力。方法 :实验动物分为急性肾功能衰竭组和对照组 ,用核医学肾脏动态显像作为参考指标。利用多排螺旋CT扫描机 ,获得肾皮质、肾外髓质和全肾血流灌注值。结果 :肾功能衰竭组单位体积肾脏、肾皮质血流灌注量明显低于对照组 ,差异非常显著 (P<0 .0 1) ,肾脏外髓质的血流量仅有轻微下降 ,但两组之间无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :螺旋CT能够反映急性肾脏功能衰竭肾脏血流量的变化。急性肾脏功能衰竭肾脏血流量的下降出现在肾脏皮质 ,而肾脏外髓质血流量无改变。     

成人颅脑损伤并发脑梗死的影响因素分析

目的探讨成人颅脑损伤后并发脑梗死的发生率并分析其影响因素。方法对580例成人颅脑损伤患者损伤后发生脑梗死的发生情况进行回顾性分析,应用相关统计学分析方法分析颅脑损伤后并发脑梗死与其各影响因素之间的关系。结果 580例颅脑损伤患者并发脑梗死者32例,发生率5.5%;高龄、GCS〈8分、脑疝、低血压、脑挫裂伤、硬膜下血肿、蛛网膜下腔出血、脱水剂及活血药物的使用与脑梗死的发生有密切关系（P〈0.05）。结论成人颅脑损伤后脑梗死发生率高,高龄、GCS〈8分、脑疝、低血压、脑挫裂伤、硬膜下血肿、蛛网膜下腔出血、脱水剂及活血药物的使用为影响因素。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.