无线传感器网络中数据汇聚技术的研究

无线传感器网络能量和计算资源严重受限,数据汇聚技术是减少能耗、消除数据冗余、增加从源节点到基站的有用信息流、延长网络寿命的重要方法。数据汇聚可以集成在路由协议中,也可以实现与路由协议紧密交互的独立的协议(或技术)。首先介绍了无线传感器网络中数据汇聚协议的背景;然后分析和综述了主要的数据汇聚技术,包括汇聚路由、聚集函数、数据挖掘;最后提出了这个快速发展领域的研究方向。     

无线传感器网络数据融合技术的研究与仿真

数据融合技术是无线传感器网络中的关键技术.提出了一种动态自适应制数据融合机制(wADA),该机制主要思想是根据接收到的数据应答包数量,动态调整最大延迟时间,并最大延迟时间按照递减规则分配至各层节点,以平衡数据的准确性和实效性.OPNET仿真结果表明,WADA数据融合机制可以有效地收敛到最佳的最大延迟时间.     

Robust and dynamic data aggregation in wireless sensor networks: A cross-layer approach

In-network data aggregation is an effective technique to reduce communication cost in wireless sensor networks. Recent studies have focused on two issues respectively: dynamic aggregation to handle event triggered irregular traffic and robust aggregation to handle packet losses. However, how to achieve both the objectives simultaneously, i.e. dynamic and robust aggregation is still not considered. In this paper, by making use of direct support from MAC layer, we propose a cross-layer approach to realize robust and dynamic data aggregation. A new MAC protocol, DA-MAC is delicately designed to serve such purpose. With channel contention information obtained from DA-MAC, a node can dynamically determine where and when to do aggregation. To cope with packet losses, a virtual overlay, Rings is adopted to forward one packet to multiple nodes. We have conducted numerical analysis to optimize the key parameters and implemented our design in TinyOS based sensor networks. Performance evaluation though simulations and experiments shows that our approach can handle both traffic dynamics and packet losses, with less cost than similar solutions.     

无线传感器网络中数据融合机制的能量有效性研究

建立基于数据融合机制的无线传感器网络模型,并对不同融合强度下网络总能耗和单节点能耗进行理论计算得到能耗公式.分析表明,当监测区域扩大时,强融合率将有效节省网络能耗;随着融合强度的增加,网络中节点能量消耗趋于平均.     

无线传感器网络中新型的网内数据融合定时机制

大部分现有的数据融合策略都会给网络数据的传输造成很大的延迟,影响网络的精确性。为此,提出了一种新型的网内数据融合定时控制机制。它将网络中感应数据划分为实时数据和非实时数据,通过对不同数据采用的区分服务,对节点的融合定时时间进行合理配置,取得了网络能量利用效率与数据精确性之间的良好折中。     

无线传感网中改进的节能分级数据汇聚机制

考虑WSN中节点的能耗分布情况,提出了一种改进的多级汇聚协议。首先建立分析模型评估了在WSN中采用多级汇聚机制时的能耗情况,证明在SINK附近的汇聚节点的能量增加很快,从而会耗尽能量,缩短整个网络的生存期。然后提出了一个改进的多级汇聚协议,通过改变通过减少离SINK附近的汇聚节点选择概率,可以均衡网络性能。仿真结果证明,该方法可以有效地降低能量,从而延长网络生存期。     

无线传感器网络基于定向扩散与分批估计的数据融合算法

无线传感器网络中采集的数据存在着较大的冗余与误差,造成能量消耗过多,并且影响数据的可靠性。针对这个问题提出一种基于定向扩散与分批估计的数据融合算法,对监测同一对象的多个传感器所采集的数据进行综合,提高数据精度和可信度,并减少数据传输量,从而降低了功耗。通过对室内环境参数(温度)的监测验证了这种算法的可行性。     

DyDAP: A dynamic data aggregation scheme for privacy aware wireless sensor networks

End-to-end data aggregation, without degrading sensing accuracy, is a very relevant issue in wireless sensor networks (WSN) that can prevent network congestion to occur. Moreover, privacy management requires that anonymity and data integrity are preserved in such networks. Unfortunately, no integrated solutions have been proposed so far, able to tackle both issues in a unified and general environment. To bridge this gap, in this paper we present an approach for dynamic secure end-to-end data aggregation with privacy function, named DyDAP. It has been designed starting from a UML model that encompasses the most important building blocks of a privacy-aware WSN, including aggregation policies. Furthermore, it introduces an original aggregation algorithm that, using a discrete-time control loop, is able to dynamically handle in-network data fusion to reduce the communication load. The performance of the proposed scheme has been verified using computer simulations, showing that DyDAP avoids network congestion and therefore improves WSN estimation accuracy while, at the same time, guaranteeing anonymity and data integrity.     

基于分簇的无线传感器网络数据聚合方案研究

数据聚合技术是目前无线传感器网络中的研究热点,同时也是一种重要的节能技术之一。在基于分簇网络拓扑结构的基础上,提出了一种新的数据聚合方案。分别对簇内成员节点和簇头节点进行数据聚合处理,簇内节点引入相对信息熵减少数据量的发送,而簇头节点维持一个反馈比较值,当接收到簇内成员节点发送的数据或得到自身传感器模块的数据时,该值可以用来判断是否转发接收到的数据。通过与LEACH协议的仿真对比实验,结果表明新方案能有效减少网络中的数据包传送数目,降低节点能耗,并显著地延长了网络寿命。     

一种基于数据汇聚的传感器网络链路报文丢失率推测算法*

提出一种基于数据汇聚的传感器网络链路报文丢失率推测算法,利用在汇聚节点观测到的父子节点报文接收数量的差异,通过简单的数值计算快速地推测逻辑链路的报文丢失率。仿真结果与理论计算结果相比表明,算法能够较准确地推测出逻辑链路上的报文丢失率,实时性好。     

无线传感器安全聚集协议

传统网络的安全机制不能直接应用于无线传感器网络,因此对无线传感器网络的数据聚集安全进行了研究,提出了一种新的安全机制.该安全机制使用消息认证码(MAC)的形式和概率性验证来保证数据的安全聚集,可以应用于网络各层,而不仅限于路由层.分析了新的安全数据聚集协议的性能,并与已有的安全数据聚集协议进行了对比.从分析结果可以看出,新的安全数据聚集协议不但安全性更高,而且传输的通信量也大大减少.     

无线传感器网络中基于预测的时域数据融合技术

数据融合是无线传感器网络中重要的研究领域之一。在无线传感器网络中,数据融合的作用主要体现在节省能量、提高数据收集效率、增强数据准确性以及获取综合性信息等几个方面。时间序列分析是一种根据动态数据揭示系统动态结构以及规律的统计方法。基于监测数据的时间序列模型以及时间序列预测,提出适用于无线传感器网络的基于预测的时域数据融合方法,以部署于故宫博物院的环境监测网络采集的温度数据作为样本,通过仿真对该方法进行有效性验证以及性能分析。结果表明,一阶自回归预测算法与其它预测算法相比,具有更好的适用性,当误差阈值为0.05 ℃-0.50 ℃时,预测成功率为21%-83%;当误差阈值为0.05 ℃时,节能收益达到68%。     

无线传感器网络中基于分簇的数据聚合机制

在无线传感器网络(WSNs)中如何有效聚合数据是当前物联网应用中的重要挑战.然而在已有的若干解决方案中,传感器的计算和通信过程消耗了较高的能量,数据的隐私性和完整性得不到有效保障.针对上述问题,提出一种基于分簇的数据聚合机制,采用代数方程计算传感器的中间数据聚合值,采用数字签名进行簇间传感器的身份认证.实验表明:该机制能有效降低传感器计算和通信的耗能,保证数据的隐私性和完整性.     

基于虚拟网格的无线传感器网络数据融合算法

无线传感器网络的能量供应和通信带宽等资源相对有限,难以适应大量数据的传输,需要在网络内部对原始监测数据进行压缩或聚合处理.为了充分利用其空间和时间相关性来进行数据压缩,提出了一种基于虚拟网格的数据融合算法.该算法基于虚拟网格来构建采集数据矩阵,并分别利用时域差分和二维离散余弦变换来去除时间和空间冗余.仿真实验和理论分析表明:该算法具有良好的压缩性能,有效地降低了节点能耗和提高了网络生命周期.     

无线传感器网络的差错控制技术研究

在分析传统无线网络差错控制方案的基础上,研究差错控制引起的能量消耗因素,通过介绍无线传感器网络能量消耗模型,借助Synopsys power comp lier分析了采用前项差错控制以及常用纠错码所引起的能量消耗。最后,讨论了无线传感器网络差错控制技术今后的研究重点。     

支持QoS的无线传感器网络数据聚合技术研究

结合数据聚合技术的特点,通过分析现有无线传感器网络的QoS研究,提出了数据聚合的三个QoS度量指标,即网络生命周期、数据时延、数据质量,讨论并分析了保证这些数据聚合QoS指标的关键技术,对于进一步深入研究无线传感器网络的数据聚合技术具有比较重要的参考价值.     

Secure data aggregation in wireless sensor networks: A comprehensive overview

Wireless sensor networks often consists of a large number of low-cost sensor nodes that have strictly limited sensing, computation, and communication capabilities. Due to resource restricted sensor nodes, it is important to minimize the amount of data transmission so that the average sensor lifetime and the overall bandwidth utilization are improved. Data aggregation is the process of summarizing and combining sensor data in order to reduce the amount of data transmission in the network. As wireless sensor networks are usually deployed in remote and hostile environments to transmit sensitive information, sensor nodes are prone to node compromise attacks and security issues such as data confidentiality and integrity are extremely important. Hence, wireless sensor network protocols, e.g., data aggregation protocol, must be designed with security in mind. This paper investigates the relationship between security and data aggregation process in wireless sensor networks. A taxonomy of secure data aggregation protocols is given by surveying the current “state-of-the-art” work in this area. In addition, based on the existing research, the open research areas and future research directions in secure data aggregation concept are provided.     

基于动态数据压缩的能量采集无线传感网络数据收集优化

针对能量采集无线传感网络（WSN）中的数据收集优化问题,考虑传感器节点能量采集的时空变化特性,提出一种基于节点动态采样速率和数据压缩的策略,以实现网络中采样数据总量的最大化。首先,提出一种根据节点的邻居信息决定其最优压缩策略的本地压缩算法,基于节点在数据汇聚树中的拓扑位置考虑其数据接收和转发能耗,逐渐增加其采样速率直到其总能耗到达采集能耗阈值。接着构造网络性能的全局优化问题并提出一种启发式的算法,通过迭代求解线性规划问题计算最优的采样速率和压缩策略。实验结果表明,与现有的自适应传感和压缩率选择方案相比,所提出的两种数据收集优化算法能够维持更加稳定的传感器节点电量水平并实现更高的网络性能。     

A secure and efficient data aggregation scheme for wireless sensor networks

In resource‐constrained wireless sensor networks, data aggregation is a key technique for power‐efficient information acquisition. Consequently, the intermediate sensor nodes performing aggregation tasks known as aggregators are valuable and attractive targets for attackers. We address the problem of defending against malicious adversaries who intend to stealthily change some aggregates to entice the base station to accept deceiving results. A secure and efficient aggregation scheme is proposed, in which the base station composes a secret configuration matrix and each sensor node is pre‐loaded with a limited part of the matrix known as a secret share containing certain local instructions. For each aggregation session, a set of scrambled aggregates are constructed in such a manner that there exists a secret yet unrevealed relationship between these values. The base station, aware of the relationship derived from the configuration matrix, can both extract the intended result from the received aggregates and verify it on its own. Our scheme avoids the interactive verification phase which existent protocols typically take to ensure the aggregation integrity, and thus observably lowers the communication overhead. The proposed scheme also features protection of data confidentiality, and analysis shows that it can detect stealthy alteration attacks with a significant probability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无线传感器网络操作系统关键技术研究

针对无线传感器网络的特点分析了无线传感器网络对操作系统的特殊需求,分析了无线传感器网络操作系统的特点.重点介绍了无线传感器网络操作系统开发过程中的几大关键技术:结构的层次化技术、框架技术、节能型通信模型技术、可裁减构件技术、普适计算模型技术.这些技术已用于西北工业大学的无线传感器网络的开发实践中,并取得了较理想的效果,对更好地开发无线传感器网络操作系统和开发应用软件有很高的参考价值.