活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

目的 研究活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)KIR2DS1阳性的自然杀伤(NK)细胞对急性髓系白血病(AML)靶细胞的杀伤作用;并探讨NK细胞KIR及人类白细胞抗原Cw位点(HLA-Cw)与靶细胞HLA-Cw错配对靶细胞的杀伤机制.方法 获取健康供者的外周血,经Dnyal磁珠负选高纯度NK细胞;取初治确诊的AML患者新鲜骨髓液,分离后的白血病细胞作为靶细胞.用抗CD158a和CD158b单克隆抗体封闭NK细胞抑制性KIR(如:KIR2DL1、KIR2DL2和KIR2DL3),并用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法分别检测抑制性KIR封闭前和封闭后NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用.采用聚合酶链反应和顺序特异性引物(PCR-SSP)基因分型技术分别检测NK细胞及靶细胞的KIR基因和HLA-Cw;根据HLA-Cw将NK细胞和靶细胞分别分为C1组(表达HLA-Cw 01、03、07、08、12、14、16分子)、C2组(表达HLA-Cw02、04、05、06、15、17、18分子)和C1/C2组(既表达C1组的等位基因又表达C2组的等位基因).结果 分选后的NK细胞经流式细胞仪检测,其纯度为(90.8±6.08)%;NK细胞抑制性KIR封闭后与封闭前比较,其对靶细胞的杀伤作用明显增强(t=-3.00,P=0.005);KIR2DS1阳性的NK细胞C1组对靶细胞C2组的杀伤作用高于靶细胞C1及C1/C2组,杀伤率分别为(57.370±1.400)%、(44.190±4.666)%和(36.770±6.560)%(F=11.87,P=0.021);NK细胞抑制性KIR封闭后,其对各组靶细胞的杀伤率更高(F=18.72,P=0.009).结论 NK细胞抑制性KIR封闭后其活性增强,KIR2DS1阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤率高于KIR2DS1阴性的NK细胞;NK细胞KIR及HLA-Cw与靶细胞HLA-Cw错配,能够介导KIR2DS1阳性的NK细胞C1组抗原的异源反应性,实现"丢失自我"的识别作用,从而使NK细胞对靶细胞杀伤率增强.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

输注供者自然杀伤细胞对小鼠单倍型相合造血干细胞移植的影响

目的 探讨输注供者自然杀伤(NK)细胞对小鼠单倍型相合造血干细胞移植的影响.方法 选取C57BL/6(H-2b)雄性小鼠为供者、CB6F1(H-2d/b)雌性小鼠为受者.移植前制备供者的骨髓细胞(BMC)、脾细胞(SC)及脾NK细胞,NK细胞经体外培养扩增和激活;所有受者均接受直线加速器X线全身照射(TBI)预处理.TBI后将受者分为4组(每组10只),分别进行单倍型相合造血干细胞移植.单纯TBI组:TBI后不输注细胞,仅作为对照;单纯BMC输注组:输注5×106个BMC;诱发GVHD组:输注5×106个BMC+1.5×107个SC;NK细胞输注组:输注5 x 106个BMC+1.5×107个SC+1×107个NK细胞,并腹腔注射100 ng重组人白细胞介素2(rhIL-2)和1μg rhIL-15,持续7 d.移植后观察各组受者GVHD的发生情况,并对各组受者进行组织病理学、供者细胞嵌合度和免疫功能重建等检测.另取TBI后受者20只,设白血病复发组和白血病治疗组,每组10只.白血病复发组:输注5×106个BMC+1×107个SC+2×106个白血病细胞株EL9611;白血病治疗组:在白血病复发组的基础上再输注1 x 107个NK细胞,并腹腔注射100 ng rhIL-2和1μg rhIL-15,持续7 d.观察两组受者白血病复发情况和移植后100 d的存活率.结果 单纯BMC输注组受者无GVHD发生,NK细胞输注组受者GVHD的评分和组织病理学改变均较诱发GVHD组轻(P<0.05)f诱发GVHD组的免疫功能重建较NK细胞输注组延迟.白血病复发组和白血病治疗组移植后100 d的存活率分别为20%和90%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 输注激活的供者NK细胞可以减轻小鼠单倍型相合造血干细胞移植后的GVHD,减少白血病复发,促进免疫功能重建.     

Role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in immunity and tolerance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Dendritic cells (DC) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of alloimmune reactions, such as graft-vs.-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In humans, two types of DC-myeloid DC (mDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) have been characterized and have distinct origins and functions. The data obtained from studies in vitro suggest that pDC are involved in the regulation of immunity, including the induction and maintenance of tolerance, as well as in the defence against viruses. The authors will review all the evidence currently available from reports exploring the role of pDC in clinical allogeneic HSCT.     

肾移植联合造血干细胞移植诱导治疗七例

目的 探讨肾移植联合造血干细胞移植诱导治疗的安全性和有效性,并总结其经验.方法 2009年实施7例亲属活体肾移植联合造血干细胞移植,其中1例为供受者HLA抗原全相合,其余为半相合.肾移植前5d使用粒细胞集落刺激因子动员供者造血干细胞,术前1d采集供者造血干细胞.肾移植前3d受者开始接受全身淋巴照射,连续3d,肾移植术中给予受者抗胸腺细胞球蛋白50 mg,术后第2、4、6天输注供者造血干细胞.术后常规采用三联免疫抑制方案,监测受者血常规、淋巴细胞亚型变化及移植肾功能等情况.结果 全身淋巴照射后受者淋巴细胞数进行性降低,以B淋巴细胞(CD19+)的比例下降幅度最大,其他血细胞数量变化不大.HLA全相合受者诱导出30％～50％的嵌合体,其余受者仅诱导出1％～5％的嵌合体.术后随访3年,7例受者移植肾功能稳定,均未出现骨髓抑制和移植物抗宿主病,未增加感染风险.经移植肾活检证实,1例受者出现轻度急性排斥反应,其余6例受者未发生排斥发生.7例受者中,有3例减少了免疫抑制剂的用量.结论 肾移植联合造血干细胞移植诱导治疗的方案安全、有效.     

造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血

目的 探讨不同类型的造血干细胞移植(HSCT)治疗重型再生障碍性贫血(sAA)的预处理方案、预后及并发症发生情况等.方法 回顾性分析2001年9月至2010年11月间41例sAA患者接受HSCT的病例资料及其临床特点,移植类型包括同基因移植6例,同胞全相合移植8例,非亲缘移植18例,亲缘半相合移植7例,自体脐带血移植1例及非亲缘脐带血移植1例.所有受者均采用以环磷酰胺+抗胸腺细胞球蛋白为主的预处理方案,其中23例加用氟达拉滨(Flu),2例加用全身照射,5例加用Flu和全身照射,1例加用Flu和白消安.结果 移植后白细胞和血小板均植活的受者共有38例,其中6例(15.8％)发生排斥反应,分布于同基因移植、同胞全相合移植、非亲缘移植和亲缘半相合移植等多种移植类型;4例发生Ⅲ～Ⅳ度aGVHD,分别为同胞全相合移植1例,非亲缘移植1例,亲缘半相合移植2例;25例发生巨细胞病毒(CMV)血症,8例发生EB病毒(EBV)血症,其中6例为非亲缘移植,1例同胞全相合移植及1例亲缘半相合移植,发生EBV感染的受者均伴有CMV感染.所有受者5年预期存活率为75％,其中同基因移植、同胞全相合移植及非亲缘移植受者的5年预期存活率分别为75％、100％和70％,亲缘半相合移植受者的4年预期存活率57％.结论 sAA患者接受同胞全相合移植后长期存活率高,可以作为sAA的首选治疗方式.而非亲缘移植和亲缘半相合移植的预后还有改善的空间,需要通过选择合适的供者和预处理方案来降低移植后相关并发症的发生率,从而改善预后.     

供者型CIK细胞输注治疗异基因造血干细胞移植后白血病复发

目的 采用受者体内供者型或供者来源的细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞(CIK细胞)过继性免疫治疗异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后白血病复发的效果.方法 回顾性分析2例allo-HSCT后白血病复发患者输注供者型CIK细胞成功开展过继性免疫治疗的临床资料.例1在移植后986 d出现白血病复发,经化疗取得短暂部分缓解,采集受者外周血完全供者型单个核细胞扩增CIK细胞,先后给予受者5个周期的CIK细胞治疗.例2在亲缘allo-HSCT后158 d出现白血病复发,采集亲缘供者外周血单个核细胞扩增CIK细胞,于移植后204 d和294 d给予2个周期的CIK细胞输注治疗.结果 例1经化疗降低白血病细胞负荷后,经过1个周期的CIK细胞输注治疗,获得完全缓解,之后再次给予4个周期CIK细胞治疗,随访7个月取得持续完全缓解.例2复发后停用免疫抑制剂,并行化疗及输注供者干细胞采集物,于移植后187 d出现急性移植物抗宿主病及髓外浸润情况,移植后204 d输注1个周期的CIK细胞后,症状明显减轻.移植后294 d给予第2个周期的CIK细胞治疗,骨痛缓解,现骨髓细胞学持续完全缓解,髓外病灶消失.结论 受者体内供者型或供者来源的CIK细胞可用于allo-HSCT后白血病复发的治疗,效果良好,耐受性好.     

造血干细胞移植后并发感染121例的临床分析

目的探讨造血干细胞移植(HSCT)后并发感染的临床病原学特点和相关危险因素。方法共有121例造血系统疾病患者接受HSCT,其中51例行异基因外周造血干细胞移植,40例行异基因骨髓移植,4例行异基因外周血造血干细胞和骨髓混合移植,5例行脐带血移植,16例行自体造血干细胞移植,5例行自体CD34~+细胞移植。患者均采用化疗进行预处理。采用短程甲氨蝶呤联合环孢素A预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),部分病例加用达利珠单抗或抗淋巴细胞球蛋白。结果121例患者中,116例患者获得造血重建,3例移植失败,2例在移植物植活前因严重感染死亡。移植后60d内,83例(68．6%)共发生感染97次,64例(77．1%)发生感染时中性粒细胞＜0．5×10~9/L,患者均有不同程度的发热。口咽黏膜和呼吸道(上、下呼吸道)是最常见的感染部位,占64．9%。21例患者的23次感染中,共分离出20株细菌和7株真菌,65%为革兰氏阴性杆菌。10例患者并发巨细胞病毒感染。因感染死亡的患者共8例,均为异基因造血干细胞移植患者。发生Ⅱ～Ⅳ度急性GVHD患者的感染发生率(88．9%,24/27)高于0～Ⅰ度急性GVHD患者(60．3%,44/73,P＜0．01)。结论造血干细胞移植后60d内的感染多发生于粒细胞缺乏期；口咽黏膜炎和呼吸道是常见感染部位,下呼吸道感染者的死亡率高,侵袭性真菌感染者的预后不佳；发生Ⅱ～Ⅳ度急性GVHD者有较高的感染发生率。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后巨细胞病毒的检测及临床意义

目的 为了降低异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染的相关死亡率，寻求一种更快捷、更特异的诊断CMV感染的分子生物学方法。方法 2001年4月至2003年4月，从79例接受异基因造血干细胞移植的患者中采集了135份外周血标本。采用巢式聚合酶链反应（nested-PCR）方法检测患者外周血中CMVgB DNA，阳性标本做酶切分型，部分行序列测定。结果CMVgB DNA检测中有42例患者（53．9％）的66份标本（48．9％）阳性；对其中阳性患者的45份标本进行了酶切分型，结果 CMV gB1型21例（46．7％），CMV gB2型14例（31．1％），CMV gB3型7例（15．6％），CMV gB4型3例（6．7％）。先后有2种型别的CMV感染者有3例（3．8％）。经分析，CMV gB阳性和CMV gB阴性患者GVHD的发生率分别为81．0％和32．4％（P＜0.01）；CMV gB1、gB2、gB3以及gB4型Ⅱ～Ⅳ度急性GVHD及慢性GVHD的发生率分别为：81．0％、50．0％、42．9％和0。结论 Nested-PCR方法可快捷特异地检测CMV感染。CMVgB1、2型中，重度急性GVHD和慢性GVHD发生率较高。CMV gB基因分型检测可有效地指导临床抗病毒治疗，且对移植后患者的临床转归有一定的预测价值。     

造血干细胞移植抑制肝癌术后复发转移的实验研究

目的 证实异基因造血干细胞移植(allo hematopoietic stem cell transplantion,allo-HST)对严重联合免疫缺陷(severe combined immunodeficiency,SCID)小鼠肝癌根治性切除术后的复发转移有一定抑制作用.方法 采集足月健康胎儿新鲜脐血,以6%羟乙基淀粉(hydroxyethyl starch,HES)+NH4Cl破红细胞法分离人脐带血有核细胞(nucleated cells,NC).SCID小鼠22只随机分为A组:程序移植组(n=8);B组:单次移植组(n=8);C组:生理盐水对照组(n=6).两干细胞移植组内每只小鼠经尾静脉注入人脐带血NC共5×107个,三组小鼠移植前都给予低剂量的环磷酰胺预处理,并连续使用甲泼泥龙1周.6周后观测小鼠存活情况,流式细胞仪检测两干细胞移植组人源细胞嵌合情况.同时将HCCLM6肿瘤组织块原位接种于SCID小鼠肝脏,10 d后对荷瘤肝叶行根治性切除,4周后处死小鼠,观察肝内复发和肝外转移的情况.结果 通过化疗预处理及使用免疫抑制剂能够成功建立了人-鼠造血下细胞移植模型,程序移植组及单次移植组外周血CD3+细胞嵌合率分别为(1.66±0.47)%(0.68±0.56)%,差别有统计学意义(P<0.01).移植瘤切除后A、B、C各组肝内复发率均为100%,但复发瘤体积大小差异显著,分别为(367.18±31.86)mm3、(648.26±155.22)mm3、(811.38±127.36)mm3,两两比较差别均有统计学意义(P<0.01).A、B两组的抑瘤率分别为54.7%和20.1%.各组间肺转移率分别为14.3%(1/7)、66.7%(4/6)、100%(5/5),差别有统计学意义(P<0.01).淋巴结转移率分别为14.3%1(1/7)、33.4%(2/6)、40%(2/5),差别无统计学意义(P=0.58).结论 在小鼠实验中,造血干细胞移植对肝癌根治性切除术后的复发和转移显示出一定的抑制作用,并且随着人源细胞嵌合率的增加,抗肿瘤效应也相应得到提高.     

异基因造血干细胞移植后慢性移植物抗宿主病的临床分析

目的：探讨异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD）的临床特点、相关危险因素及治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析69例allo-HSCT患者的临床资料。根据供、受者的关系以及配型情况，将患者分为三组：A组为亲缘全相合异基因骨髓移植，22例；B组为亲缘全相合异基因外周血干细胞移植，37例；C组为非血缘移植和不全相合移植，10例。术前均采用化疗预处理，术后采用短程甲氨蝶呤联合环孢素A（CsA）预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）。局限性cGVHD患者多采用单一免疫抑制剂（CsA或糖皮质激素）治疗，病情进展者采用标准方案（CsA联合糖皮质激素）治疗；广泛性cGVHD患者则需用标准方案治疗（一线治疗方案）。一线治疗无效、病情进展者，对一线治疗依赖不能停药，或停药后病情反复者，需用他克莫司、霉酚酸酯及硫唑嘌呤治疗（二线治疗方案）。结果：移植后随访6～120个月，中位时间为43个月，39例诊断为cGVHD，其中局限性cGVHD13例（33．3％，13／39），广泛性cGVHD26例（66．7％，26／39），7例死于cGVHD或与之相关的并发症。B组cGVHD发生率较A组显著升高（P〈0．05），B组和C组的广泛性cGVHD发生率显著高于A组（P〈O．05）。外周血干细胞移植和病程中发生2～4度急性GVHD是cGVHD发生的主要危险因素。局限性cGVHD患者采用一线方案治疗的有效率显著高于广泛性cGVHD患者（P〈0．05），标准危险度cGVHD者的治疗有效率显著优于高危险度cGVHD者（P〈0．05）。结论：eGVHD是allo-HSCT后常见并发症和致死原因；广泛性cGVHD多发生于异基因外周血干细胞移植、HLA配型不全相合移植和非血缘移植，且临床治疗效果不佳。