澜沧江流域水电站机电设备监造及 监理质量控制

在澜沧江流域水电站机电设备监造、监理质量控制工作中,以“守法、诚信、公正、科学”的准则,制定了监理细则,明确了质量目标和控制点,严格执行了工程建设的相关法律规范、技术标准、设计文件、合同,开展了以资料审核、巡视检查、平行检验、复查复验和旁站监理相结合的工作方式,落实了监理工作的各项要求,顺利完成了全部监理工作。     

农田水利重点县装配式建筑物推广应用

江苏省农村水利科技发展中心、扬州大学高邮市水利局、如皋市水利局、铜山区水利局、通州区水利局针对农田水利重点县,制订了农村水利现代化建设标准、提出了适用于高标准农田建设的模式、修订了农田水利示范园区建设标准,完成了小型机电灌区渠道断面、管道管径及排水沟道的定型设计,开发了小型泵站与新一代田间装配式建筑物,完善了常用装配式田间建筑物图集,取得专利5项,推广了新型跌水消能涵洞、     

基于MapX的西安市节水灌溉项目管理系统的开发

从西安市水务管理部门的实际需求出发,基于MapX开发了节水灌溉项目管理系统,设计了基础信息、地理属性、空间属性等数据库[1],实现了项目录入、申报、审批、立项等信息检索的全局性可视化、特定工程专题图创建以及报表打印功能。系统简化了项目管理手续,规范了项目的立项、审批、建设、效益评价等程序,保证了财政拨款使用的透明度、工程建设的合理性、节水设施正常效益的发挥,大大提高了西安市水务管理水平。     

生态花园首都堪培拉

我们驱车由墨尔本到达澳大利亚首都堪培拉,参观了著名的国会大厦、战争纪念馆、阅兵场、使馆区、造币厂、伯利格里芬湖、联邦大桥,浏览了电视塔、植物园等,得到了美感享受,同时对堪培拉的历史和现状有了比较深刻的了解。     

多污物水电站综合清污技术及配套装备研究

针对水库库区及坝前堆积物处理技术难题，以三门峡水电站为例，通过现场采样分析、结构模拟计算、对比试验等技术手段，研发多污物水电站深水液压清污抓斗、清污栈桥、清污船等技术装备，形成了“拦、排、抓、推、捞”的综合清污技术。结果表明：该技术提高了清污效率，减少了水体污染，改善了库区生态环境，确保了电站安全、高效运行。     

水利驾驶员的素质与车辆的安全行驶

<正>新中国成立以来,特别是改革开放以来,党和政府领导人民开展了大规模水利建设,水利发展与改革取得了举世瞩目的成就,初步形成了防洪、排涝、灌溉、供水、发电等水利工程体系,有力地保障了防洪安全、供水安全、粮食安全、能源安全和生态安全,促进了经济社会可持续发展。可以自豪的说这些成     

孟子观水:从形而上的水,到形而下的水

<正>细读《孟子》会发现,书中记载了不少水利、水名及水的流向的知识,描述了井田制的农村经济结构,再现了大禹治水迁徙的水文情势,留下了黄河、长江、淮河、汉水、济水、汝水、泗水、溱水、洧水、漯水等河流的名字。     

老挝南梦3水电站压力管道的设计与施工

受地形地质条件及生态环境的制约,老挝南梦3水电站压力管道施工采取了回填埋管的形式,不但节省了隧洞施工成本、减少了施工难度、加快了工程进度、节约了工程造价,而且有效保护了生态环境。经过近10年的运行,本工程的设计与施工的经济性、适应性、可靠性得到了充分验证,具有一定的推广应用前景。     

工农渠大型泵站微机自动化控制系统更新改造

针对工农渠电力提灌工程大型泵站存在的控制、管理、安全、检测手段落后等问题,结合工农渠大型泵站更新改造机遇,进行了电气设备自动化及控制改造,消除了隐患,达到了少人值守、节能降耗、降低运行成本的目的。加强了系统的控制、监视和保护功能,增强了系统对故障的判断能力,提高了泵站现代化管理水平。     

浅谈水电工程建设项目质量管理控制关键环节

在白山抽水蓄能电站工程建设过程中,为了有效地控制工程质量,建设单位配备了精干高效的管理层,建立了完善的管理制度,增强了制度的执行力.并且选择了作风优良、技术过硬、履约能力强、标价合理的设计、施工、监理单位.     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

Spatio‐temporal variation of gross CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions from Australian reservoirs and natural aquatic ecosystems,and estimation of net reservoir emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO₂ and CH₄ diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq km² per year, or 24 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO₂eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.