钢筋锈蚀后与再生混凝土间粘结-滑移本构关系研究

为研究钢筋锈蚀后与再生混凝土间粘结-滑移本构关系,主要考虑了不同钢筋锈蚀率、不同再生粗骨料取代率、不同再生混凝土强度等因素的影响,采用加速通电锈蚀以及钢筋开槽内贴片方法,完成23组钢筋再生混凝土试件粘结-滑移性能拉拔试验,获得了再生混凝土与不同锈蚀程度螺纹钢筋间的荷载-滑移曲线以及不同锚固位置处钢筋应变。通过实测结果及理论分析,计算得到不同锈蚀率下钢筋再生混凝土间粘结应力及滑移值沿锚固长度分布规律,分析了钢筋锈蚀前后与再生混凝土间粘结应力传递及粘结锚固位置函数差异的受力机理,提出了不同锈蚀率下反映实际粘结分布规律的粘结锚固位置函数模型,最后建立钢筋锈蚀后与再生混凝土间考虑粘结-滑移位置函数的粘结-滑移本构关系,为锈蚀后钢筋再生混凝土有限元分析提供参考依据。     

高温作用后GFRP筋与海水珊瑚混凝土粘结性能试验研究

为了研究高温后玻璃纤维增强树脂复合材料(GFRP)筋与海水珊瑚混凝土的残余粘结性能,对54个GFRP筋珊瑚混凝土试件及钢筋珊瑚混凝土对比试件进行了高温作用后的中心拔出试验,最高温度为350℃,混凝土强度等级考虑C20～C30。观察了高温后试件的表观变化及粘结破坏形态,获取了各试件的粘结-滑移曲线、粘结强度、粘结刚度和峰值滑移量,分析了不同温度、GFRP筋直径、海水珊瑚混凝土强度等因素对高温后GFRP筋与海水珊瑚混凝土粘结性能的影响。基于烧失率和XRD分析,剖析了GFRP筋海水珊瑚混凝土的高温劣化机制。最后,提出高温后GFRP筋与珊瑚混凝土的剩余粘结强度计算式和粘结-滑移本构模型。研究结果表明：高温作用后,尽管GFRP筋与珊瑚混凝土的粘结破坏形态与常温相似,GFRP筋的碳化和珊瑚混凝土的分解使得二者界面发生显著劣化;随着温度的提高,GFRP筋与珊瑚混凝土的粘结强度逐渐降低,峰值滑移量增大;GFRP筋直径越小,高温后的剩余粘结强度和剩余粘结刚度越小;珊瑚混凝土强度等级越高,剩余粘结刚度越大,峰值滑移量越小。所提出的高温后GFRP筋与珊瑚混凝土剩余粘结强度和粘结-滑移本构关系计算结果与试验结...     

海底隧道锈蚀工字钢与喷射混凝土的粘结滑移试验研究

通过快速电解锈蚀试验,得到不同锈蚀率的工字钢混凝土试件。将这些试件进行粘结滑移试验,描述工字钢与混凝土的粘结滑移过程,分析锈蚀率、滑移量、粘结破坏荷载之间的关系,建立未锈蚀工字钢与喷射混凝土的粘结滑移模型,得出粘结滑移影响系数与锈蚀率的回归公式,最终建立锈蚀工字钢与喷射混凝土的粘结滑移本构关系数学模型。结果表明:随着锈蚀率的增加,滑移量和粘结破坏荷载均降低;未锈蚀工字钢与混凝土的平均粘结应力是滑移量的四次多项式函数;锈蚀工字钢与混凝土的粘结强度影响系数与锈蚀率的二次多项式函数。     

加载速率对锈蚀钢筋与混凝土粘结性能的影响

为探究加载速率对锈蚀钢筋与混凝土粘结性能的影响,开展16根RC梁(质量损失率0%～8.7%)在不同加载速率(0.5～300 mm/min)下的粘结性能测试,据此提出考虑加载速率和钢筋锈蚀影响的粘结强度计算公式,并开展锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁粘结力学行为的数值模拟,分析高加载速率(30～30 000 mm/min,应变率10^-4～10^-1s^-1)下锈蚀梁的粘结滑移力学行为。研究表明：(1)加载速率对锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁式试件的粘结应力-滑移曲线形状以及粘结强度与残余粘结强度的比值影响不大;(2)随着加载速率的增加,锈蚀钢筋与混凝土的粘结强度和残余粘结强度显著增加,粘结区应力峰值显著增加并逐渐向加载端靠近;(3)本工作提出的考虑加载速率和钢筋锈蚀影响的粘结强度计算公式在0.5～30 000 mm/min的加载速率范围内有很好的适用性。     

塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土与钢筋粘结锚固试验研究

通过对内贴应变片钢筋的直接拔出试验,分析钢筋直径、相对锚固长度（l_a/d）及混凝土相对保护层厚度（c/d）对塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土与钢筋间粘结性能的影响,得出不同钢筋直径、锚固长度及相对保护层厚度对试件粘结锚固性能的影响规律,并提出塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土钢筋锚固长度计算公式。试验结果表明:随钢筋直径的增大,试件粘结刚度增强,极限粘结强度先提高后降低;增加钢筋锚固长度会降低试件极限平均粘结强度,同时极限粘结强度对应钢筋自由端滑移量减小,试件粘结韧性则随锚固长度的增加而减小;混凝土相对保护层厚度增加会使试件极限粘结强度先提高然后趋于平稳。根据试验结果得到的钢筋锚固长度计算公式与规范给出的计算公式进行比较,从极限粘结强度的角度看,规范中的钢筋锚固长度计算公式偏于保守。     

锈胀开裂钢筋混凝土粘结疲劳性能试验研究

重复加载和锈胀开裂均会导致钢筋混凝土粘结性能退化,进而对钢筋混凝土构件力学性能产生不利影响。该文开展了一系列偏心拔出试验,研究了重复加载以及锈胀开裂对粘结滑移性能的耦合影响规律。主要研究变量包括重复加载次数、应力水平以及钢筋锈蚀程度。结果表明:重复加载对非锈蚀试件和锈胀开裂试件粘结强度及峰值滑移没有显著影响,但会导致钢筋和混凝土之间不断累积残余滑移。重复加载后,粘结应力-滑移曲线形态特征与单调加载试件相似。该文还发现表面锈胀裂缝宽度对粘结强度、峰值滑移以及残余滑移的增长规律有明显影响。锈胀开裂会导致钢筋混凝土试件粘结疲劳寿命显著下降。基于试验数据及文献中研究结论,该文建立了重复及单调荷载作用下非锈蚀及锈胀开裂试件的局部粘结应力-滑移本构关系模型,推导得到了粘结疲劳寿命预测模型。     

氯盐侵蚀下铜矿渣混凝土高温后内部钢筋锈蚀规律

为探究高温及铜矿渣细骨料对混凝土中钢筋锈蚀模式的影响规律,对不同铜矿渣置换率的混凝土试件进行高温试验,然后采用干湿循环浸泡法对试件进行人工加速氯离子侵蚀试验,并利用电化学方法测量自然电位值以监测混凝土内部钢筋的锈蚀情况,最后测量混凝土内部氯离子含量及钢筋锈蚀率。结果表明：自然电位法可以较好地反映试件内部钢筋的实际锈蚀情况;高温破坏了混凝土抗氯离子侵蚀性能,从而导致混凝土试件中的钢筋锈蚀程度随经历温度的升高而增大;此外,高温下铜矿渣自身较大的膨胀变形及冷却后与水泥净浆间不协调收缩的综合作用进一步破坏了混凝土微结构,使钢筋锈蚀率随着铜矿渣置换率的提高而增大;最后建立了氯盐侵蚀下铜矿渣混凝土高温后内部钢筋锈蚀深度拟合公式。     

往复荷载下锈蚀钢筋与混凝土粘结性能的试验研究

针对钢筋混凝土结构在服役过程中钢筋锈蚀以及承受往复荷载工况下引起的钢筋混凝土材料耐久性能劣化会对钢筋混凝土间的粘结性能产生影响，设计并制作了48根粘结区带裂缝的钢筋混凝土梁式试件，以研究在承受不同往复荷载工况(往复荷载幅度分别为极限荷载的0%、10%、20%及30%)、四种钢筋锈蚀率(0%、3%、5%及7%)以及往复荷载与钢筋锈蚀耦合工况下钢筋与混凝土粘结性能的变化情况。结果表明：钢筋锈蚀会影响试件破坏状态；施加往复荷载过程中残余滑移的增长主要发生在前六个循环，且残余滑移随着钢筋锈蚀率以及往复荷载幅度的增加而增大；耦合工况会进一步促进粘结性能的劣化，且粘结强度损失率随着钢筋锈蚀率和往复荷载幅度的增加而增大。该研究可为对应工况下钢筋混凝土构件的现状评估提供理论参考依据。     

CFRP-火灾后混凝土界面快速剥离试验

该文完成了72个快速荷载下CFRP加固火灾后混凝土试件单面剪切试验,基于Dai模型对界面应变分布进行拟合,并探讨了混凝土强度、应变率和过火温度三种因素对界面剪切黏结强度、应变分布、黏结剪应力、界面黏结滑移关系和界面断裂能等黏结性能参数的影响。试验表明:界面剪切黏结强度、峰值剪应力和界面断裂能随着混凝土强度和应变率的提高而提高,但随着过火温度的升高而下降,在500℃以后下降尤为显著,过火温度为700℃的试件界面平均峰值剪应力相比于常温试件下降33.0%,界面断裂能下降83.8%;有效粘结长度随着混凝土强度和应变率的提高略有减小,但随着过火温度的升高而显著增大。常温试件的有效粘结长度在70 mm～90 mm之间,而过火温度为700℃的试件有效粘结长度达165 mm左右。     

高温后CFRP筋及其粘结式锚固系统的力学性能

为明确高温后碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(Carbon fiber reinforced polymer,CFRP)筋材及其粘结型锚固系统的力学性能,以筋材的处理温度为试验参数,完成了12个筋材试件的轴向拉伸试验;以粘结式锚具的处理温度和粘结长度为试验参数,完成了36个试件的锚固性能试验。结果表明:对于筋材轴向拉伸试件,处理温度为100℃时,筋材静力性能与常温试件相比未发生明显变化,筋材经历200℃和300℃温升作用后,其抗拉强度、弹性模量和极限拉应变较常温试件分别下降了6.4%、8.2%、3.8%和16.6%、18.3%、8.3%;对于锚固性能试验,试件的粘结强度随处理温度和粘结长度的增加而降低,粘结长度一定时,处理温度为200℃与300℃试件的粘结强度较常温试件分别下降了31.5%~36.3%和44.2%~47.4%。建立了适于分析高温后CFRP筋轴向拉伸性能、粘结型锚固系统粘结强度及临界锚固长度的实用计算公式,且具较高精度。      

Impact of corrosion on mechanical properties of steel embedded in 27-year-old corroded reinforced concrete beams

This paper deals with the impact of corrosion on the mechanical properties of steel in reinforced concrete. Steel bars were extracted from a 27-year-old corroded reinforced concrete beam that had been exposed to a chloride environment. Bars with different degrees of corrosion and with different corrosion pit depths were tested in tension. A comparison was made between nominal and true stress for corroded and control steel specimens. It was noted that the degree of corrosion strongly affected the mechanical properties of the steel, particularly the ultimate stress and strain. Interestingly, the true yield strength of all the corroded steel bars remained almost constant while their true ultimate strength was considerably increased. A reduction of the ultimate elongation appeared to be the major effect of corrosion and affected the compliance with standards.     

Mechanical behaviour of corroded reinforced concrete beams—Part 1: Experimental study of corroded beams

Steel corrosion in reinforced concrete leads to crack occurrence along the reinforcement (secondary cracks), to a reduction in bond strength and a reduction in steel cross section. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of these deteriorations on the global behaviour of reinforced concrete structural elements in their service and ultimate states. Mechanical experimentation was carried out on fourteen-year-old reinforced concrete beams, on two control elements and two corroded beams. A comparative analysis of the results obtained on the beams showed that concrete cracking in the compressive area had no significant influence on the behaviour in service of the corroded elements. However, significant modifications of service behaviour were observed, due to the degradations in the tensile zone, namely: loss of bending stiffness, dissymmetrical behaviour. Finally, the measure of the residual steel cross-section of the corroded re-bars showed that the loss of bending stiffnes due to steel corrosion cannot be merely explained in terms of steel cross-section reduction. Concerning the ultimate behaviour, the loss of steel cross-section is the main parameter which leads to a reduction of bearing capacity and ductility. Another part will explain the separate and coupling effects of bond strength and steel cross-section loss on the mechanical behaviour of corroded beams.     

高温后型钢混凝土粘结滑移性能研究

高温后型钢与混凝土之间的粘结滑移对型钢混凝土结构的高温后力学性能具有重要影响,为了研究高温后型钢混凝土的粘结强度与滑移特性,进行18个高温后型钢混凝土短柱推出试验及3个常温下的对比试验。试验结果表明:高温后型钢混凝土短柱试件的荷载-滑移曲线与常温下大体相似,但随着曾经经历最高温度的提高及最高温度持续时间的增大,型钢与混凝土之间的极限粘结强度和残余粘结强度降低,与极限粘结强度相对应的滑移减小,与残余粘结强度相对应的滑移增大。在试验结果基础上,构建了高温后型钢混凝土粘结滑移本构模型,提出了本构模型中极限粘结强度、残余粘结强度及相应滑移的计算方法,计算结果与试验结果总体相符,研究成果为高温后型钢混凝土构件考虑粘结滑移影响的数值模拟分析提供了条件。     

Effect of steel manufacturing process and atmospheric corrosion on the corrosion-resistance of steel bars in concrete

This paper presents results of a study conducted to evaluate the effect of steel manufacturing process and the surface condition of reinforcing steel on their corrosion-resistance when embedded in concrete. Steel bars produced by water quenching and air-cooling were utilized. The corrosion-resistance of fresh bars, i.e., those that were clean and shiny, and those exposed to atmosphere and accelerated salt spray, when embedded in concrete, was evaluated. The corrosion-resistance of the clean and corroded reinforcing steel bars was assessed by measuring corrosion potentials and corrosion current density. Accelerated impressed current technique was also utilized to evaluate the corrosion-resistance of clean and corroded reinforcing steel bars in concrete. A longer time-to-initiation and lower rate of reinforcement corrosion was noted in the concrete specimens prepared with water-quenched steel bars compared to similar bars manufactured by the hot-rolling process. Similarly, the rate of reinforcement corrosion in the concrete specimens prepared with corroded steel bars, exposed to atmosphere for 12 months and salt spray, was less than that on the unexposed bars. The data developed in this study also indicate that the surface layer formed on the water-quenched steel bars, due to the cooling process, provides protection to the metal substrate as against the loose mill scale formed on the steel bars produced by the air-cooling process.     

锈蚀变形钢筋与混凝土粘结应力模型研究

研究了锈蚀对钢筋混凝土无箍筋试件粘结强度的影响,建立了锈蚀导致保护层胀裂前变形钢筋极限粘结应力的理论计算模型,定量地揭示了该阶段粘结强度增强的机理。通过对钢筋肋间混凝土在挤压力、摩擦力及锈胀力作用下的受力分析,从理论上推导了锈蚀钢筋混凝土发生劈裂破坏时的粘结应力计算表达式;给出了摩擦系数等未知参数的取值大小;详细阐述了表达式的求解思路。利用已发表文献的多个试验结果对理论模型进行验证,结果表明计算值与试验值吻合良好。     

聚丙烯-钢纤维增强高强混凝土高温性能

通过对聚丙烯-钢纤维增强高强混凝土(混杂纤维/高强混凝土)试块的高温试验, 研究不同目标温度后混凝土表观特征、高温爆裂、质量损失及力学性能。结果表明: 高强混凝土在600 ℃时发生爆裂, 混杂纤维/高强混凝土直至800 ℃未出现爆裂, 混杂纤维有效抑制了高强混凝土的高温爆裂。混杂纤维/高强混凝土的质量损失随所受温度的升高而增大, 其抗压强度、抗折强度随温度的升高而降低, 并且400 ℃以后显著降低。相同温度下, 混杂纤维的加入提高了高强混凝土高温后强度。通过对试验结果的统计分析, 分别建立了混杂纤维混凝土质量损失、抗压强度和抗折强度随温度变化的关系式。     

Effect of confinement using steel, FRC, or FRP on the bond stress-slip response of steel bars under cyclic loading

The results of experimental investigation of the local bond stress-slip response of steel bars embedded in confined concrete and subjected to cyclic loading are presented. Different types of confinement and their effect on the bond stress-slip response were evaluated and compared. These included internal confinement by ordinary transverse steel ties or steel fiber reinforcement, and external confinement by fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Beam specimens with spliced reinforcement at midspan were tested. The test parameters included the size of the steel bars, the ratio of concrete cover to bar diameter, and the amount of confinement. Without confinement, the specimens suffered significant bond deterioration and loss in load resistance in the first or second load cycle after bond splitting. Confining the concrete with transverse steel, steel fiber reinforcement or FRP composites within the splice region increased the bond strength and reduced the bond degradation with the number of loading cycles, leading to significant improvement in seismic performance. The envelope curve of the cyclic bond stress-slip response showed very good agreement with earlier test results obtained under static load conditions and the results predicted using an analytical model of the local bond stress-slip response of steel bars embedded in confined concrete.     

Structural performance of corroded RC beams repaired with CFRP sheets

Corrosion of reinforcement is a serious problem and is the main cause of concrete structures deterioration costing millions of dollars even though the majority of such structures are at the early age of their expected service life. This paper presents the experimental results of damaged/repaired reinforced concrete beams. The experimental program consisted of reinforced concrete rectangular beam specimens exposed to accelerated corrosion. The corrosion rate was varied between 5% and 15% which represents loss in cross-sectional area of the steel reinforcement in the tension side. Corroded beams were repaired by bonding carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets to the tension side to restore the strength loss due to corrosion. Different strengthening schemes were used to repair the damaged beams. Test results showed detrimental effect of corrosion on strength as well as the bond between steel reinforcement and the surrounding concrete. Corroded beams showed lower stiffness and strength than control (uncorroded) beams. However, strength of damaged beams due to corrosion was restored to the undamaged state when strengthened with CFRP sheets. On the other hand, the ultimate deflection of strengthened beams was less than ultimate deflection of un-strengthened beams.     

Bond of ribbed galvanized reinforcing steel in concrete

The ASTM beam end test (ASTM A944) has been used to compare the bond and slip behaviour of deformed (i.e. ribbed) galvanized, epoxy-coated and black steel bars in concrete. The objective was to determine whether galvanizing adversely affects bond strength. From a series of thirty specimens, the average bond strength of black steel and galvanized steel reinforcement used in these tests has been determined and bond stress has been shown to act uniformly over the embedded bar area. A slip value of approximately 0.4 mm has been confirmed to be associated with bond failure by concrete splitting. The results indicated that while epoxy coating resulted in a significant loss in bond strength of the order of 20% compared to black steel, there is no adverse effect on bond with the use of galvanized steel. Chromate treatment of galvanized bars is deemed unnecessary since there was no evidence of long term reduction in bond due to the possible effects of hydrogen gas evolution resulting from the reaction between zinc and wet concrete.