方铅矿与黄铜矿浮选分离中方铅矿抑制剂研究进展

方铅矿和黄铜矿的浮选分离主要采用抑铅浮铜工艺。但目前铅铜分离效率低,方铅矿和黄铜矿的分离仍然是选矿领域的难点。高效、有选择性的方铅矿抑制剂已经成为一个研究热点,近年来国内相继研发出一批新型的抑制剂。针对方铅矿抑制剂进行总结,根据抑制剂的化学结构和应用方式,把抑制剂分为无机抑制剂、有机抑制剂、组合抑制剂、新型抑制剂四类。总结了近年来四类抑制剂的药剂结构特点、分选效率、作用机理,并对抑制剂的未来发展方向进行展望。     

用聚丙烯酸钠分离黄铜矿和方铅矿

详细研究了聚丙烯酸钠对黄铜矿和方铅矿可浮性的影响;对黄铜矿、方铅矿人工混合矿样和铜铅混合精矿进行了分离试验。研究结果表明:聚丙烯酸钠对方铅矿有很好的选择性抑制作用,是铜铅分离的有效抑制剂。     

新型有机抑制剂用于硫化铜铅矿物浮选分离的研究

本文研究了新型有机抑制剂BKY-1,BKY-2在不同浮选条件下对黄铜矿和方铅矿抑制分离作用,并与传统无机抑制剂的抑制效果进行了对比。实验结果表明,添加BKY-1,BKY-2药剂后,在矿浆自然pH值到弱碱性pH值条件下,对方铅矿具有良好的抑制作用,对黄铜矿抑制作用较弱,能取得良好的分离效果。     

新型组合抑制剂对微细粒方铅矿抑制机理研究

针对微细粒方铅矿在磨矿体系、矿浆溶液中物化性质的变化,致使铜铅分离难度增大的现状,研究开发出新型组合抑制剂 SHI（亚硫酸钠和磺化木质素）用于抑制微细粒的方铅矿的浮选。结果表明：SHI 在低浓度的Na ₂SiO₃条件下对-0.015 mm 粒级方铅矿有明显的抑制效果,通过红外光谱分析和 XPS 分析查明,SHI 在方铅矿表面发生了吸附作用,在方铅矿表面引入了新的元素,并影响了 S 的价态。新型组合抑制剂 SHI 不仅可实现微细粒级黄铜矿与方铅矿人工混合矿的高效分离,将其应用于含大量微细粒方铅矿的墨竹工卡含铜 9.60%、含铅 36.61% 的铜铅混合精矿铜铅分离,经 1 粗 3 精 2 扫闭路浮选分离后,可得到含铜 22.22%、含铅 3.22%,铜回收率 95.66%、铅回收率 3.22% 的铜精矿,铅精矿含铜 0.71%、含铅 60.33%,铜回收率 4.34%、铅回收率 96.38%,铜铅分离效果较好。     

溶解的铜,铅和锌离子的沉淀浮选和吸附胶体浮选

考查了结合使用沉淀浮选和吸附胶体浮选同时排除水溶液中铜、铅和锌离子（每种离子浓度为２５ｐｐｍ）的可能性。氯化铁作共沉淀剂，油酸钾作捕收剂和改进沉淀。使用乙基黄酸钾使仍存在于溶液中的离子进一步共沉淀。     

用于铜铅浮选分离的新型组合抑制剂研究

针对铜铅硫化矿可浮性相近和精矿铜铅互含选矿难题,研究新型组合抑制剂（LY和硫代硫酸钠）在不同浮选条件下对黄铜矿和方铅矿的抑制作用,并与传统抑制剂重铬酸钾、羧甲基纤维素、亚硫酸钠等进行了对比。试验结果表明,在矿浆自然pH至弱碱性条件下,新型组合抑制剂（LY和硫代硫酸钠）对方铅矿具有良好的抑制作用,而对黄铜矿抑制作用较弱。人工混合矿物浮选试验取得良好的分离效果。在选矿厂铜铅混合精矿闭路验证试验中,获得的铜精矿含Cu 28.05%、含Pb 6.88%、Cu回收率84.16%、Pb回收率3.79%,铅精矿含Pb 65.54%、含Cu 1.98%,Pb回收率96.21%,Cu回收率15.84%,表明该药剂制度是合理的。     

新型抑制剂对黄铜矿与方铅矿浮选分离的影响及其机理研究

针对硫化铜铅混合精矿难分离,剧毒抑制剂应用广泛的现状,研发了新型无毒抑制剂YZJ(亚硫酸钠+硅酸钠+CMC)。通过单矿物浮选试验对混浮-脱药-抑制分离的工艺,采用丁基黄药为混合浮选的捕收剂,Na2S为脱药剂,YZJ为抑制剂,Z200为分离的捕收剂对铜铅分离作业的浮选进行了试验研究。并通过红外光谱分析、吸附量测定以及电化学测试,考察了黄铜矿和方铅矿与不同药剂的作用机理。结果表明,Z200对黄铜矿具有良好的选择性,可以作为黄铜矿和方铅矿分离流程的捕收剂使用,新型抑制剂能够在铜铅分离中有效地抑制方铅矿,能够高效实现铜铅分离。     

甲基纤维素作为抑制剂浮选分离黄铜矿和滑石

通过浮选试验、Zeta电位测试、TOC测试及红外光谱测试对甲基纤维素在黄铜矿与滑石浮选分离中的作用及其在两种矿物表面的吸附机理进行了研究。浮选试验结果表明,低用量的甲基纤维素可有效抑制滑石,但对黄铜矿抑制效果很弱,可实现黄铜矿与滑石的浮选分离。甲基纤维素作为滑石的抑制剂,浮选分离黄铜矿和滑石混合矿。人工混合矿Cu品位为15.19%时,可以获得铜精矿Cu品位为24.08%,回收率达74.68%的指标。检测结果表明,甲基纤维素在黄铜矿和滑石表面均发生了物理吸附,且在滑石表面的吸附强于在黄铜矿表面的吸附。     

无毒抑制剂铜铅分离浮选的研究

用三元合剂对清水塘铅锌矿进行铜铅分离浮选 ,其试验指标比以前用重铬酸钾的试验指标高 ,药剂用量低 ,避免铬的污染 ,改善生产环境     

Effect of calcium ions and citric acid on the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from galena using dextrin

Using NaOH to adjust pH, dextrin selectively depressed galena while chalcopyrite was floated with a xanthate collector. However, when the pH was adjusted with lime, or when calcium ions were present in the pulp, the flotation of galena was “restored” while chalcopyrite was depressed in an alkaline pH, causing deteriorated flotation separations. It was found that calcium ions adsorbed preferably on chalcopyrite surfaces but not on galena, thus increasing the adsorption of dextrin on chalcopyrite. The addition of citric acid was found to eliminate the detrimental effects of calcium ions and to restore the selectivity of chalcopyrite-galena separation using dextrin.     

柠檬酸对铌铁矿和石英浮选分离的影响

柠檬酸是氧化矿和脉石矿物浮选分离中非常有效的抑制剂。针对白云鄂博矿中铌矿物难以回收的现状,使用OHA作为捕收剂,六水氯化铁为石英活化剂,柠檬酸为抑制剂,研究抑制剂对铌铁矿和石英的浮游特性的影响。柠檬酸作为抑制剂对铌铁矿和石英人工混合矿的最佳浮选分离条件：OHA用量为0.05 mmol/L,六水氯化铁用量为20 mg/L,柠檬酸用量为0.1 mmol/L,pH=9,获得的铌铁矿精矿中Nb₂O₅回收率为76.03%、Nb₂O₅品位为58.38%,实现了铌铁矿和石英的高效浮选分离。采用Zeta电位、接触角测试、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)揭示了药剂在矿物表面的作用机理,为铌铁矿和石英的高效分离提供理论依据,并为将其应用到实际生产中提供技术支撑,同时丰富铌铁矿浮选抑制剂体系。     

用分步浮选从高品位黄铁矿中浮选清洁硫精矿研究

从禀赋较好的黄铁矿石中用选矿新工艺-分步浮选法,浮选清洁硫精矿具有许多优点,它与常规浮选法相比较,可以简化工艺流程,节省硫酸用量,降低生产能耗,产出含硫品位48%的清洁硫精矿。该精矿经沸腾炉焙烧后其烧渣铁品位61%,含硫量0.3%,可直接作为炼铁的原料,从而使黄铁矿烧渣综合利用问题得以解决。     

Effect of the physical-chemical factors on flotation perfection of magnetite concentrates

The paper describes the laboratory studies aimed at comprehensive analysis and establishment of the optimal parameters for preparation of a pulp for reverse cation flotation when producing a low-silica iron ore concentrate. The kinetics of the process is investigated with application of a collecting agent and depressing agents for iron minerals. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 1, pp. 118–125, January–February, 2008.     

黄铜矿和方铅矿的电化学特性及浮选行为研究进展

黄铜矿和方铅矿作为铜铅金属最主要的冶炼矿物,浮选分离问题一直是行业内关注的重点。本文基于黄铜矿和方铅矿的半导体特性,从电化学角度分析了矿物表面的氧化规律、矿物学因素对浮选行为的影响及各种有机抑制剂在铜铅浮选分离过程中的作用机理。黄铜矿和方铅矿在矿物加工过程中均会产生不同程度的氧化,且氧化产物类型决定矿物的表面性质;矿物成矿过程中产生的流体包裹体及各种类型的晶格缺陷会影响矿物的浮选行为,电化学调控和有机抑制剂的研究和应用可以改变矿物固有的浮选行为,实现黄铜矿和方铅矿的浮选分离。分析认为,应注重矿浆电位对半导体矿物浮选行为的影响,将浮选电化学和浮选溶液化学等理论相结合是研究复杂矿浆体系的有效方法。     

铜铅浮选分离无毒抑制剂基础研究及实践

本文以黄铜矿、方铅矿单矿物以及我国西南某地的铜铅混合精矿为研究对象,通过单矿物及实际矿物浮选试验,筛选出了适合铜铅浮选分离的无毒抑制剂配方：SM1+亚硫酸钠+硫酸锌。作用机理分析表明,上述抑制剂与预先吸附捕收剂的黄铜矿作用能力不强,而能够罩盖预先吸附捕收剂的方铅矿表面上,发生化学吸附,这也是铜铅浮选分离过程抑制剂对方铅矿具有较好的抑制作用,而不影响铜指标的原因所在。     

Effect of calcium hypochlorite on the flotation separation of galena and jamesonite in high-alkali systems

Jamesonite and galena have similar flotation properties, leading to difficulties in effectively separating these two minerals by means of conventional flotation. This study assessed the depressing effect of calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO)₂] on the flotation separation of galena and jamesonite in high-alkali systems. Flotation test results show that galena and jamesonite have substantially different floatability in high-alkali systems. The addition of Ca(ClO)₂ depresses the flotation of jamesonite, but the depressant is unselective against galena. A flotation separation test of a mixture of galena and jamesonite was conducted. The results show that the recovery of galena and jamesonite is 92.26% and 89.75%, respectively. Adsorption measurements and infrared spectral analysis indicate that when diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC, collector) interacts with galena and jamesonite, chemical adsorption occurs on the mineral surfaces, producing hydrophobic lead diethyldithiocarbamate (PbD₂). In a high-alkali solution, Ca(ClO)₂ exhibits little interference regarding the adsorption of DDTC on the galena surface, while it significantly inhibits the adsorption of DDTC on jamesonite. The flotation behavior of jamesonite is depressed by Ca(ClO)₂ mainly because the latter enhances the surface hydrophilicity of the former. These results provide a reference for separating galena and jamesonite concentrates prior to smelting.     

Influence of galvanic interaction between chalcopyrite and some metallic materials on flotation

Galvanic interactions between the grinding media and the ground mineral inside a ball mill could not only accelerate the media wear but also adversely affect the flotation response of the ground mineral. Rest potential, combination potential and galvanic current measurements were carried out to understand the probable electrochemical interactions between chalcopyrite and several metallic electrodes such as platinum, stainless steel, hyper steel, mild steel and cast iron. Flotation recovery of chalcopyrite was found to be significantly lowered when contacted with hyper steel, mild steel or cast iron prior to flotation unlike with platinum or stainless steel. The influence of the presence of collector during galvanic interaction as well as the effect of relaxation for fresh and galvanically interacted chalcopyrite samples were also studied with respect to its floatability. AES and ESCA analyses indicated that galvanic coupling of chalcopyrite with a hyper steel grinding medium resulted in the formation of hydroxide or oxide species of iron on the mineral surface. An electrochemical mechanism is proposed to explain the mineral-grinding media interaction and its effect on flotation.     

Selective flotation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite with plasma pre-treatment

For pretreatment of selective flotation, plasma treatment of chalcopyrite and molybdenite was applied then the minerals were washed by solution at pH 9 with oxygen bubbling. Surface characteristics of these minerals were investigated with AFM, XPS, zeta potential and contact angle measurements. Contact angle of chalcopyrite and molybdenite decreased a lot by plasma treatment. When they were washed with pH 9 solution with oxygen bubbling, contact angle of molybdenite increased whereas chalcopyrite one kept low. Adhesion force measurements indicated similar behavior. Result of flotation experiments indicated low recovery of both chalcopyrite and molybdenite after plasma treatment and only molybdenite recovery became higher after washing. Selective flotation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite could be achieved with this process. However, flotation of mixture of chalcopyrite and molybdenite after these treatments indicated both chalcopyrite and molybdenite were depressed. Addition of emulsified kerosene changed the flotation results where molybdenite was floated and chalcopyrite was depressed. Possible mechanism of selective flotation was proposed from the results of XPS, AFM, etc.