单纤维拔出试验表征硼纤维/环氧界面剪切强度研究

设计了一种单根硼纤维拔出试样制备方法,并测试了不同树脂基体的硼纤维/环氧复合材料的界面剪切强度;研究了单根硼纤维拔出界面破坏过程.结果表明:单根硼纤维拔出过程中,首先在纤维包埋起始部位和包埋端部产生裂纹,最后包埋中间部位的树脂基体破坏.摩擦力承担着较大的纤维拔出载荷;加入15%的液体丁腈橡胶硼纤维/环氧复合材料的界面剪切强度为33.69 MPa.     

Interfacial interaction between polyurethane/poly (methacrylateco-styrene) coating and the regenerated cellulose film

Water-resistant films were prepared by coating the surface of regenerated cellulose films with castor oil-based polyurethane (PU)/ poly-(methacrylate-co-styrene) [P (MA-St)]. The effects of the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) copolymer on tensile strength (dry and wet states), vapor permeability, size stability, and water resistivity of the coated films were studied. The interfacial interaction between cellulose and the PU/P (MA-St) coating was analyzed using infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results indicated that the mechanical properties and water resistivity of the coated films significantly enhanced, and the biodegradability was displayed, when the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) was 8∶2 by weight. The chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds between the cellulose, PU, and the copolymer exist in the coated films. It is regarded that PU/P (MA-St) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were formed, and a shared network of PU with both the cellulose and the coating in the coated film occurred simultaneously resulting in a strong bonding between the coating layer and the film. Supported by the State Economy and Trade Commission of China Gong Ping: born in 1963, Ph. D candidate     

Interfacial interaction between polyurethane/poly (methacrylateco-styrene) coating and the regenerated cellulose film

Water-resistant films were prepared by coating the surface of regenerated cellulose films with castor oil-based polyurethane (PU)/ poly-(methacrylate-co-styrene) [P (MA-St)]. The effects of the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) copolymer on tensile strength (dry and wet states), vapor permeability, size stability, and water resistivity of the coated films were studied. The interfacial interaction between cellulose and the PU/P (MA-St) coating was analyzed using infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results indicated that the mechanical properties and water resistivity of the coated films significantly enhanced, and the biodegradability was displayed, when the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) was 8∶2 by weight. The chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds between the cellulose, PU, and the copolymer exist in the coated films. It is regarded that PU/P (MA-St) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were formed, and a shared network of PU with both the cellulose and the coating in the coated film occurred simultaneously resulting in a strong bonding between the coating layer and the film. Supported by the State Economy and Trade Commission of China Gong Ping: born in 1963, Ph. D candidate     

界面处理和冷却条件对玻璃纤维与聚丙烯界面结合的影响 Ⅱ.不同冷却速度对界面剪切强度的影响

通过对玻璃纤维与聚丙烯界面剪切强度的测量,以及对其界面结晶形态的观测,发现界面产生横晶的充分条件是界面存在较强的相互作用和样品的缓慢冷却。提出了横晶形成机理,并推断横晶的形成会导致玻璃纤维与聚丙烯树脂界面结合强度的明显下降。用观测到的横晶与基体球晶的冲击线进一步证实了横晶形成机理     

SiC颗粒表面改性对SiCp/Fe烧结及性能的影响

文章通过试验初步探讨了SiC颗粒表面改性对SiCp／Fe复合材料的烧结机制、机械性能及断裂情况的影响．研究表明,在碳化硅复合材料表面化学镀一层镍,能够较好地改善增强体与基体的界面结合,使得碳化硅复合材料的抗弯强度、冲击韧性及宏观硬度均有了明显的提高．     

表面活性剂和固体粒子对动态界面剪切粘度的影响

对表面活性剂和固体粒子参与形成的油水界面膜的动态界面剪切粘度性质进行了研究．结果表明非离子表面活性剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯（4）醚（polyoxyethylene（4）nonyl phenyl ether）、阴离子表面活性剂油酸钠在0．04％（质量分数）浓度下其界面剪切粘度随时问延长而逐渐降低，然后趋向恒定；而蒙脱土界面剪切粘度随时间延长而逐渐上升，然后趋向恒定．     

炭化对聚丙烯腈/酚醛基炭/炭复合材料结构和力学性能影响

由湿法叠涂制得的聚丙烯腈(PA N )/酚醛基碳/碳(C/C )复合材料在高性能结构材料领域具有应用潜力.为了了解炭化步骤对聚丙烯腈/酚醛基碳/碳复合材料结构和力学性能的影响 ,进行了层间断裂韧性(模式Ⅱ)测试.由于结构特征与裂纹形成机理的相互关系对C/C-SiC复合材料的制备很重要 ,采用阿基米德方法、扫描电子显微镜(SEM )和三点弯曲试验对复合材料的结构进行表征.实验结果显示 ,碳/碳(C/C)试件的层间断裂韧性为碳纤维增强酚醛塑料(CFRP)试件的59.7%.     

纳米SiO2修饰玻纤表面对玻纤/聚丙烯复合材料界面性能的影响

借助纳米颗粒的高比表面积特性,将纳米二氧化硅通过化学接枝方法修饰玻璃纤维表面,制备玻璃纤维/聚丙烯（PP）热塑复合材料。通过SEM表征纳米二氧化硅在玻璃纤维表面的分布形态,结果表明纳米颗粒在纤维表面分散良好;通过界面剪切强度测试（IFSS）和界面断裂韧性测试（G_ⅡC）表征复合材料界面的静态力学性能,结果显示材料的界面剪切强度与界面断裂韧性同时获得了较大的提升;动态热机械分析测试（DMA）的结果表明复合材料在动态测试下的综合界面结合性能均得到较大的提升。     

用FTIR及~(13)C-NMR法研究PEEK的硝化反应

用衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)及~(13)C-NMR方法研究了聚醚醚酮(PEEK)在浓硝酸中的反应。发现PEEK在浓硝酸中发生硝化并有轻度的氧化发生,结晶PEEK比无定形PEEK具有更优异的耐腐蚀性。     

切应力作用下降膜吸收过程特性研究

利用CFD软件Fluent,通过数值模拟方法研究了溴化锂溶液降膜吸收过程.模型中考虑了界面切应力对于降膜吸收特性的影响,给出了不同界面切应力下主体温度、浓度随着下降距离的变化及热量、质量通量随着下降距离的变化.模拟结果表明:切应力对降膜吸收过程有一定的影响.与无切应力相比,正向切应力对降膜吸收过程不利,而逆向切应力对降膜吸收过程有利.这主要是由于切应力的存在改变了液膜内的速度分布及液膜在吸收器内的停留时间.     

界面处理和冷却条件对玻璃纤维与聚丙烯界面结合的影响 I.不同界面处理对界面剪切强度的影响

通过测定,得出马来酸酐改性聚丙烯（ＭＰＰ）是提高玻璃纤维与聚丙烯树脂界面剪切强度的关键因素,而偶联剂的变化对体系界面剪切强度的影响较少,用仪器分析证实了酸酐基团与玻璃纤维表面发生化学反应的实质,以及当界面存在改性聚丙烯时,应选择Ａ－１７４ＴＭ硅烷偶联剂处理增强聚丙烯的玻璃纤维,而不是传统的Ａ－１１００ＴＭ硅烷偶联剂。     

纳米二氧化硅修饰玻纤表面对玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

基于纳米颗粒比表面积高的特性,将超声震荡分散后的纳米SiO₂通过化学接枝方法修饰玻璃纤维表面制备玻璃纤维/聚丙烯热塑性复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征纳米SiO₂在玻纤表面的分布状态及其与纤维树脂的结合情况,结果表明纳米颗粒在纤维表面分布状况良好,纤维与树脂能较为紧密地结合。通过动、静态力学测试表征复合材料的界面结合情况及整体力学性能,结果表明复合材料在动态热机械分析（DMA）测试下具备良好的综合界面性能;与空白组对比,复合材料的层间剪切强度最高提升约86%,拉伸强度最高提升约300%,弯曲强度最高提升约94%。     

玻璃纤维的含量对复合材料的力学性能影响及表征研究

为研究不同质量分数的玻璃纤维对增强聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响,选择直径为10μm的玻璃纤维制备复合材料小样.测试在不同质量分数时材料的拉伸强度、弯曲弹性模量等力学性能,并应用扫描电镜(SEM)对其微结构进行表征.结果表明:玻璃纤维质量分数对复合材料的取向分布有很大影响,随着玻璃纤维质量分数增加,拉伸强度增大,但弯曲弹性模量、弯曲强度变化不明显,此外,随着质量分数的增加,复合材料的脆性变大;SEM分析表明复合材料中玻璃纤维有一定的取向且分布相对均匀,玻璃纤维和复合材料基体结合良好.     

Cr-Fe-Mn粉末混合物的机械合金化及其磁交换作用

对主要成分为Cr72Fe18Mn10的粉末混合物进行机械球磨。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和Mǒssbauer谱仪对球磨不同时间的样品的结构进行研究。研究结果表明：在球磨过程中，存在铁磁性的a—Fe及Fe基的超精细场分布组元和顺磁性的Cr基固溶体，球磨30h能形成顺磁性的纳米晶Cr-Fe-Mn合金；样品的矫顽力随球磨时间的延长先增加后减小，球磨12h时样品的矫顽力最大，为17．313kA／m；球磨样品在高于Cr的奈尔温度退火后场冷却时的矫顽力大于相应的零场冷却时的矫顽力，主要由体系中的铁磁-反铁磁交换作用所引起，其强弱随球磨时间的不同而不同。     

表面处理对玻纤/碳纤增强橡胶基密封复合材料性能的影响

采用压延成张工艺制备碳纤维和玻璃纤维混杂增强非石棉橡胶基密封复合材料(NAFC),以横向抗拉强度作为表征混杂增强橡胶基密封材料中纤维与橡胶界面粘结性能的指标.通过扫描电镜(SEM)对材料横向拉伸试样断口进行形貌分析,及对材料的耐油、耐酸、耐碱性能进行测试,探讨了不同表面处理工艺对纤维与基体界面粘结效果的影响.研究结果表明,对玻璃纤维采用偶联剂KH550浸渍后涂覆环氧树脂涂层,对碳纤维在空气氧化后涂覆环氧树脂涂层,可有效增强纤维、基体的界面粘结,所制得的混杂纤维增强复合材料具有较好的机械性能和耐介质性能.     

考虑渗透水压力的黏土与混凝土接触面力学特性

采用大型直剪仪进行黏土与混凝土接触面的单向直剪试验,研究接触面在不同渗透水压力和法向应力作用下的力学特性,并对黏土与混凝土接触面的强度及应力变形特性进行分析,基于双曲线模型提出了考虑渗透水压力作用的黏土与混凝土接触面本构模型。结果表明:接触面的剪应力与相对剪切位移较好地满足双曲线关系,竖向位移表现为剪缩;接触面的抗剪强度与接触土体的饱和状态显著相关,当土体由非饱和状态过渡至饱和状态时,接触面抗剪强度随渗透水压力的增大显著降低;当接触土体趋于饱和时,抗剪强度随渗透水压力增大的降幅随之减小,且与有效法向应力间呈较好的线性关系;模型计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了所提出的考虑渗透水压力作用下黏土与混凝土的接触面本构模型是合理的。     

Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V/Al7050 joints fabricated using the insert molding method

Ti-6Al-4V/Al7050 joints were fabricated by a method of insert molding and corresponding interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The interfacial thickness was sensitive to holding temperature during the first stage, and a good metallurgical bonding interface with a thickness of about 90 μm can be obtained at 750℃. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and thermodynamic analyses showed that the interface mainly contained intermetallic compound TiAl₃ and Al matrix. The joints featured good mechanical properties, i.e., shear strength of 154 MPa, tensile strength of 215 MPa, and compressive strength of 283 MPa, which are superior to those of joints fabricated by other methods. Coherent boundaries between Al/TiAl₃ and TiAl₃/Ti were confirmed to contribute to outstanding interfacial mechanical properties and also explained constant fracture occurrence in the Al matrix. Follow-up studies should focus on improving mechanical properties of the Al matrix by deformation and heat treatment.     

长度单位对界面裂纹与界面下裂纹干涉的影响

研究了长度单位的选取对界面裂纹与界面下裂纹干涉的影响。对于一条在远场载荷作用下的界面裂纹及其附近的界面下裂纹,采用伪力法计算了不同长度单位时无量纲化的应力强度因子和能量释放率。研究结果表明：对于具有与长度单位有关的振荡性的物理量,无量纲化不能保证其与长度单位的选取无关;对于不具有任何振荡性的物理量,无量纲化可以保证其与任何物理单位的选取无关。     

SiO2/Ta interface reaction in magnetic multilayers and its influence on Ta buffer layers

Ta is often used as a buffer layer in magnetic multilayers. In this study, Ta/Ni81Fe19/Ta multilayers were deposited by magnetron sputtering on sing-crystal Si with a 300-nm-thick SiO2 film. The composition and chemical states at the interface region of SiO2/Ta were studied using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and peak decomposition technique. The results show that there is an "intermixing layer" at the SiO2/Ta interface due to a thermodynamically favorable reaction: 15 SiO2 + 37 Ta = 6 Ta2O5 + 5 Ta5Si3. Therefore, the Ta buffer layer thickness used to induce NiFe (111) texture increases.     

碳扩散对非真空热轧不锈钢复合板结合性能的影响

采用非真空热轧方法制备304不锈钢/Q235碳钢复合板材,利用OM、SEM、EDS等研究了不同压下率和轧后冷却方式下复合界面夹杂物、界面组织及力学行为的演变,并分析了C扩散对复合板界面组织形成及结合强度的影响。结果表明,随着轧制压下率的增加,界面夹杂物由块状向线型、连续点状乃至弥散点状分布变化。当压下率较低(28%)时,复合板剪切断裂位于结合界面处,随着压下率增加至47%及以上,复合板断裂位置为脱碳铁素体区。另外,热轧复合板经水冷工艺处理后,由于冷却速率较快,要抑制碳钢侧C元素的扩散,避免复合界面处脱碳区域的形成,从而提高了复合界面的结合强度。