高熵合金复合涂层研究现状及展望

高熵合金涂层能在经济实用的基础上发挥高熵合金的优良综合性能,但其强化方式主要为固溶强化,强化效果有很大局限性,因此有必要在高熵合金涂层中引入硬质颗粒实现复合增强,从而得到性能更加优良的高熵合金复合涂层。综述了制备高熵合金复合涂层的主要技术,如激光熔覆技术、等离子熔覆技术和氩弧熔覆技术,重点介绍了直接添加和原位合成硬质颗粒增强高熵合金复合涂层的研究现状,分析了其组织与结构,并分别从硬度、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性和抗高温氧化性这几个方面论述了硬质颗粒对高熵合金复合涂层性能的影响,最后针对高熵合金复合涂层研究中存在的问题进行了总结和展望。     

高温固相催化剂在铝灰热法处理过程中的应用研究

选取三种类型铝灰和三种高温固相催化剂作为试验原料,通过温度、时间和催化剂对高温条件下铝灰中复合盐脱除效率影响的探讨,得出高效脱除铝灰中复合盐的最佳条件。结果表明,A型催化剂更适合高铝质铝灰中复合盐的脱除;B型催化剂更适合高铝质铝灰和高镁质铝灰中复合盐的脱除;C型催化剂更适合高硅质铝灰和高镁质铝灰中复合盐的脱除。在最优条件下,煅烧后的铝灰中复合盐脱除率高、含量低,可满足大多数氧化铝材料工业使用要求,有望作为工业原料或替代原料使用。     

复合加载试验机的设计及应用

介绍了一套复合加载试验机。通过一机多任务的总体设计、外压容器和夹持装置的设计,增加了以前1500t试验机不能达到的高载荷能力和外压复合功能。经过20多套复合力试验,验证了该加载试验机具备外压载荷复合试验功能,可实现一机多任务设计、外压与载荷复合功能以及3000t的高加载能力,且该试验机的试样安装较以前方便省力,安全装置起到缓冲作用,安全性高。     

高炉渣基低温相变复合材料的特性表征与分析

为制备性能良好的高炉渣基低温相变复合材料,本文基于真空浸渍法,研究以改性高炉渣、氧化石墨烯/石蜡复合相变材料为主要原料,采用SEM、Hot Disk及TG-DSC等检测方法分析该材料的微观结构、导热系数及相变潜热等性能,探明材料成型机理。结果表明：对高炉渣基低温相变复合材料的热性能影响程度从大到小依次为复合相变材料在改性高炉渣中的质量分数、改性高炉渣种类、氧化石墨烯在复合相变材料中的质量分数。综合考虑,以酸性改性水淬高炉渣为载体,当复合相变材料中氧化石墨烯的质量分数为4%,载体中复合相变材料的导入量为30%时,该复合材料的性能最优,材料的导热系数为0.59 W/(m·K),约为酸性改性高炉渣或碱性改性高炉渣的3倍,相变焓约为热循环前的98.82%,熔化潜热、凝固潜热分别为112.27、82.16 J/g,熔融温度、凝固温度分别为50.12、55.45℃。     

一种高钛型高炉渣复合掺合料的研究及应用

以高钛型高炉渣、转炉钢渣和石灰石尾料等废旧资源为原料,制备了各项指标均满足建筑行业标准JG/T486-2015《混凝土用复合掺合料》Ⅱ级磨细要求的高钛型复合掺合料,并确定了性能优异、经济的高钛型复合掺合料配比。将该高钛型复合掺合料按照1∶1比例全部代替粉煤灰在C30-C50的普通泵送矿渣混凝土中进行工业应用试验,效果良好。该产品的成功开发可缓解攀西地区今后因粉煤灰掺合料资源紧张对混凝土生产的影响。     

真空熔覆碳化钨/钴基合金复合涂层抗疲劳性能的研究

在45钢试样表面采用真空熔覆法制得碳化钨/钴基合金复合涂层,按照45钢热处理工艺对复合涂层进行正火处理,并借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等先进的测试手段对复合涂层的组织结构和表面形貌进行观察分析.应用疲劳试验机对不同碳化钨含量的复合涂层进行弯曲疲劳试验.结果表明:复合涂层在正火处理后的弯曲疲劳强度大大提高,比熔覆状态合金涂层高150～200MPa;在高周疲劳时比正火45钢的疲劳强度高80MPa左右;正火处理后,含15%(质量分数)WC的复合涂层的弯曲疲劳强度最大;复合涂层的疲劳强度除与硬度相关外,还与复合涂层和45钢基体的界面结合强度、涂层内部缺陷等因素有关.     

FCVD-SPS法制备高硅钢软磁复合铁芯及电磁性能研究

采用流化气相原位沉积结合放电等离子烧结工艺成功制备了高硅钢软磁复合铁芯Fe-6.5% Si/SiO₂（质量分数）,并系统研究了复合铁芯微观结构与电磁性能的关系。结果表明,高硅钢软磁复合铁芯中的Fe-6.5% Si颗粒被SiO₂绝缘层均匀并且致密的包围,Fe-6.5% Si/SiO₂复合铁芯表现出高磁感、高电阻率、良好的频率稳定性、低矫顽力、以及低铁损等优异的电磁特性,饱和磁感应强度为175 emu·g-1,矫顽力为15 Oe,相对磁导率为350（80 kHz）,电阻率为8.6×10-5?·m,0.2 T、5 kHz外场下铁损仅为11.8 W·kg-1。     

高能球磨法制备超细不锈钢粉末的研究及应用前景

阐述了高氮不锈钢和不锈钢-陶瓷复合粉末的优点,介绍了高氮不锈钢和不锈钢-陶瓷复合粉末的高能球磨制备方法。展望了高氮不锈钢和不锈钢-陶瓷复合材料的应用领域及前景。     

高速钢复合轧辊的研究现状及进展

论述了高速钢复合轧辊的制造工艺和材质的研究进展及发展趋势,认为今后对高速钢复合轧辊的研究重点应放在高碳高钒（铌）系高速钢的成分设计、组织控制和优化复合轧辊界面结构上。     

高速钢辊环的研究和应用

研究了高速钢成分、离心铸造工艺参数和复合变质处理对高速钢辊环性能的影响。结果表明 ,选择高V高Nb并经Y—K—Na复合变质处理的高速钢 ,在离心铸造条件下制造的辊环 ,具有成分偏析小、硬度高、硬度均匀等特点 ,用于高线预精轧机 ,其使用寿命比常用的合金铸铁辊环提高5～8倍     

Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for Psychologists.

Presents the Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists. These guidelines reflect the continuing evolution of the study of psychology, changes in society at large, and emerging data about the different needs of particular individuals and groups historically marginalized or disenfranchised within and by psychology based on their ethnic/racial heritage and social group identity or membership. These guidelines reflect knowledge and skills needed for the profession in the midst of dramatic historic sociopolitical changes in US society, as well as needs of new constituencies, markets, and clients. The specific goals of these guidelines are to provide psychologists with (a) the rationale and needs for addressing multiculturalism and diversity in education, training, research, practice, and organizational change; (b) basic information, relevant terminology, current empirical research from psychology and related disciplines, and other data that support the proposed guidelines and underscore their importance; (c) references to enhance ongoing education, training, research, practice, and organizational change methodologies; and (d) paradigms that broaden the purview of psychology as a profession. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

重金属加压浸出技术现状及展望

加压浸出作为一种高效的湿法冶金手段,迄今为止已在铜、锌、镍、钴等重金属行业,以及铀、钼、黄金和铂族等稀贵金属行业得到推广应用。总结了重有色金属铜、铅、锌、镍、钴行业和冶炼过程副产物加压浸出技术研究和工业化应用现状,包括复杂硫化铜矿、铜钴矿、硫化砷渣、黑铜泥、铜阳极泥、白烟尘和铜钴冶炼转炉渣加压浸出,复杂硫化锌矿、锌浸出渣、赤铁矿除铁、镓锗富集物、铜渣等加压浸出,硫化镍矿、红土镍矿、白合金、铜渣和钴冰铜加压浸出等。最后,对加压浸出技术在重有色金属行业未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

Obituary: Clara Mayo (1931-1981).

Obituary [Clara Mayo; 1931-1981]. When she died, Clara Mayo's teaching, researching, writing, and administering were very much in motion. Her primary goal, as always, was to understand and alleviate prejudice, sexism, and racism. Clara Mayo was a complete teacher, an indefatigable colleague, and a collaborator par excellence. In all three she urged us to be committed, and she showed us how to think and act with subtlety, passion, detachment, verve, and yes, with fun. Clara Mayo was committed to intellectual adventure and social justice, and in that she saw no contradiction and no end. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Management of Fluid Mud in Estuaries, Bays, and Lakes. II: Measurement, Modeling, and Management

Techniques for measurement, modeling, and management of fluid mud are available, but research is needed to improve them. Fluid mud can be difficult to detect, measure, or sample, which has led to new instruments and new ways of using existing instruments. Multifrequency acoustic fathometers sense neither density nor viscosity and are, therefore, unreliable in measuring fluid mud. Nuclear density probes, towed sleds, seismic, and drop probes equipped with density meters offer the potential for accurate measurements. Numerical modeling of fluid mud requires solving governing equations for flow velocity, density, pressure, salinity, water surface, plus sediment submodels. A number of such models exist in one-, two-, and three-dimensional form, but they rely on empirical relationships that require substantial site-specific validation to observations. Management of fluid mud techniques can be classified as those that accomplish: Source control, formation control, and removal. Nautical depth, a fourth category, defines the channel bottom as a specific fluid mud density or alternative parameter as safe for navigation. Source control includes watershed management measures to keep fine sediment out of waterways and in-water measures such as structures and traps. Formation control methods include streamlined channels and structures plus other measures to reduce flocculation and structures that train currents. Removal methods include the traditional dredging and transport of dredged material plus agitation that contributes to formation control and/or nautical depth. Conditioning of fluid mud by dredging and aerating offers the possibility of improved navigability. Two examples—the Atchafalaya Bar Channel and Savannah Harbor—illustrate the use of measurements and management of fluid mud.     

P507+N235高酸砷铁反萃溶液处理工艺的优化

介绍了某锌冶炼厂采用P507+N235组成的双溶剂萃取体系从硫酸浸出液中萃取砷铁的生产情况,并对高酸砷铁反萃溶液返回锌冶炼系统存在的问题进行分析。采用膜分离工艺处理反萃溶液,对比分析纳滤膜和扩散渗析膜分离的工艺条件和投资运行成本。结果表明,纳滤膜和扩散渗析膜均可以有效分离溶液中杂质元素：其中采用纳滤膜工艺时,截留浓液中铁、砷、锌、硫酸和油份的截留率分别为91.2%、88.55%、87.5%、47.44%和50%,酸回收利用率为52.56%;采用扩散渗析膜工艺,渗析残液中铁、砷、锌、硫酸和油份的截留率分别92%、87.94%、90%、5.13%和75%,酸回收利用率为94.87%。截留浓液和渗析残液均采用石灰中和法脱除溶液中的砷铁,过滤溶液返回系统实现资源循环利用,扩散渗析膜相比纳滤膜投资少,操作维护简单,生产成本低,更适合用于工业生产。     

Darwin on race, gender, and culture.

Darwin's theories of natural selection and sexual selection are significant scientific achievements, although his understanding of race and gender was defined and limited by his own life circumstances and the sociohistorical context within which he worked. This article considers the ways in which race, gender, and culture were represented and explained by Darwin and the ways in which his observations and opinions on gender and race were taken up by others and, more often than not, misapplied. Whereas the challenge of race (for Darwin) was to demonstrate the fundamental similarity and, hence, the common origin, of human races, the challenge of gender (for Darwin) was to identify a mechanism that could account for differences between women and men that, to him, were obvious, fundamental, and significant. The article concludes by considering the implications of Darwin's views for contemporary scientific psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pesticide Runoff Loads from Lawns and Golf Courses

Pesticide runoff loads from grass surfaces were estimated for 29 chemicals commonly applied to U.S. lawns and golf courses. Data on pesticide properties and typical application rates and schedules were developed and summarized as input parameters for the TurfPQ runoff model. Weather data for each of 9 U.S. cities were generated by the USCLIMATE model and modified by the addition of growing season irrigation. Simulation runs were made for each chemical, grass surface (lawns, greens, fairways), and city, and the results were summarized as mean annual and 1-in-10 year annual maximum daily pesticide loads. These loads varied greatly with pesticide, grass surface, and city, ranging from 0 to 875?g/ha for mean loads and 0 to 818?g/ha for 1-in-10 year daily loads. Mean annual loads averaged over the 29 chemicals and 3 grass surfaces were found to be closely related to growing season precipitation. Variations among the nine cities were well-captured by three general climate categories: Humid, characterized by abundant precipitation and warm temperatures, represented by Atlanta and Houston; temperate, with moderate precipitation and temperature, as with Albany, Columbus, Madison, and Olympia; and dry, with sparse precipitation, represented by Bismarck, Fresno, and Roswell. Mean annual pesticide runoff was 37, 9, and 2?g/ha in the humid, temperate, and dry regions, respectively.     

低碳高效高炉的设计研究

高炉炼铁的物理本质是铁素物质流在碳素能量流的驱动和作用下,按照设计的流程网络和运行程序,经过一系列复杂物理化学冶金反应过程,将铁矿石转变/转化为液态生铁的过程。碳素不仅是铁矿石还原过程的能量驱动源,也是生成铁水的重要非金属合金元素。面向全球“碳达峰”“碳中和”的发展形势,传统高炉必须在已有工艺技术的基础上进行改进、优化和创新,努力实现低碳化、高效化、绿色化、智能化等多重目标。提出了未来高炉在实现高效低碳的同时,必须从功能设计、装备设计和流程设计入手,遵循节能减排、低碳绿色新的发展理念,通过工艺优化、结构优化和技术开发,使传统高炉更加适应于炉料结构和燃料结构的变革,减少焦炭消耗和对其依赖,在碳素能量输入降低的条件下,形成新的耗散结构体系,进而实现高炉低碳高效炼铁的工程演进和技术发展。     

四川某高碱性含铜金矿综合回收钙镁铜金试验研究

针对碳酸盐、砷和铜含量高的“三高”金矿选矿回收难度较大的问题,采用原矿焙烧脱碳除砷—NH₄Cl“闪速”浸钙—（NH₄）₂SO₄浸镁铜—非氰浸剂药剂（swust-1）浸金工艺流程综合回收矿石中有价元素。研究结果表明：当焙烧温度为950 ℃、焙烧时间为2 h、矿浆浓度为30%、-0.074 mm粒级含量为70%、NH₄Cl浓度为3.0 mol/L和浸出时间为10 min时,矿石中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和Cu²⁺浸出率分别为82.88%、20.12%和16.75%;在（NH₄）₂SO₄浓度为2.5 mol/L、矿浆浓度为30%和浸出温度为50 ℃的条件下,经过“两段”浸出,Mg²⁺和Cu²⁺浸出效果较好。经过“焙烧—浸钙镁铜”后,金的浸出率也大大提高。通过上述工艺流程处理后,钙、镁、铜和金的总浸出率分别可达96.18%、95.16%、80.51%和78.86%,提高了高碱性含铜金矿中有价元素浸出率和综合经济价值。     

Mother-child emotional availability in ecological perspective: Three countries, two regions, two genders.

This study used a cross-national framework to examine country, region, and gender differences in emotional availability (EA), a prominent index of mutual socioemotional adaptation in the parent-child dyad. Altogether 220 Argentine, Italian, and U.S. mothers and their daughters and sons from both rural and metropolitan areas took part in home observations when the children were 20 months old. In terms of country, Italian mothers were more sensitive and optimally structuring, and Italian children were more responsive and involving, than Argentine and U.S. dyads. In terms of region, rural mothers were more intrusive than metropolitan mothers, and boys from metropolitan areas were more responsive than boys from rural areas. In terms of gender, mothers of girls were more sensitive and optimally structuring than mothers of boys, and daughters were more responsive and involving than sons. Understanding how country, region, and gender influence EA exposes forces that shape child development, parent-infant interaction, and family systems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)