孤啡肽对大鼠大脑皮质神经元及星形胶质细胞神经甾体水平的影响

目的研究孤啡肽(orphaninFQ,OFQ)对原代培养的大鼠大脑皮质神经元及星形胶质细胞神经甾体水平的影响。方法固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-质谱联用方法测定细胞培养上清液中神经甾体的水平。结果在神经元与氯化钠溶液对照组相比,OFQ(10μmol·L-1)使硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DS)和硫酸孕烯醇酮(PS)的水平显著降低,使脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)和别孕烯醇酮(AP)的水平显著增加。在星形胶质细胞,与氯化钠溶液对照组相比,OFQ使DS和孕烯醇酮(PREG)的水平显著降低,使DHEA水平显著增加。结论OFQ不同程度影响了皮质神经元和星形胶质细胞神经甾体的合成释放。     

HPLC—电化学检测法测定大鼠脑内的去甲肾上腺素和5—羟吲哚乙酸

目的　建立大鼠脑内单胺递质及其代谢产物的测定方法。方法　大鼠脑组织匀浆液用高氯酸沉淀蛋白后 ,上清液直接用于HPLC分析。采用Irregular HC18色谱柱 ,流动相组成为 0 .1mol·L-1NaH2 PO4 甲醇 0 .0 1mol·L-1EDTA - 0 .2mol·L-1辛基磺酸钠 (87∶15∶1∶2 .5 ,pH3.7) ,流速为 0 .8ml/min ,温度为 35℃ ,电化学检测器工作电压为 0 .8V。结果　去甲肾上腺素和 5 羟吲哚乙酸分别在 6 .8～ 6 80ng·ml-1和 3.8～ 380ng·ml-1范围内线性关系良好 ,去甲肾上腺素测定的日内和日间的RSD分别为7.5 %和 8.1% ,5 羟吲哚乙酸测定的日内和日间的RSD分别为 2 .0 %和 7.5 % ,两者回收率分别为 10 3.0 %和 6 1.6 % ,检测限分别可达 2ng·ml-1和 1ng·ml-1。结论　本法用于脑内单胺递质及其代谢物的测定 ,快速、简便、准确     

苦参素分散片的生物等效性研究

目的考察苦参素分散片生物等效性。方法应用高效液相色谱法,对受试制剂(苦参素分散片)和参比制剂(苦参素胶囊)进行人体生物利用度比较研究。结果口服苦参素分散片和苦参素胶囊后氧化苦参碱的主要药动学参数:达峰时间Tmax分别为(1.9±0.5)、(1.9±0.5)h,峰值血浆浓度Cmax分别为(946.7±388.3)、(1052.3±517.8)ng·ml-1,药时曲线下面积AUC0-10h分别为(3499.9±999.1)、(3583.1±1335.5)ng·ml-1·h,AUC0→∞分别为(3824.6±1173.6)、(3798.1±1402.9)ng·ml-1·h。T1/2β分别为(2.4±0.9)、(2.2±1.0)h。结论苦参素分散片与苦参素胶囊两种制剂在健康人体内具有生物等效性。     

单步萃取反相高效液相色谱法测定人全血中环孢素A的浓度

目的　建立单步萃取反相高效液相色谱法测定人全血中环孢素A(CsA)浓度。方法　采用反相高效液相色谱法 ,罗通定为内标 ,YWG -C18色谱柱 ,乙腈 -甲醇 -水 -异丙醇 (30∶10∶6 0∶1.5 )为流动相 ,流速 1.0ml/min ,柱温 70℃ ,检测波长 2 10nm。结果　CsA全血浓度在 5 2 .6 0～ 10 5 2 .0 0ng·ml-1范围内线性关系良好 ,r =0 .9996 ,最低检测浓度为 2 0ng·ml-1,平均回收率96 .33% ,日内和日间RSD均低于 5 %。结论　本法简便灵敏、准确可靠、经济 ,可用于临床人体器官移植术后全血中CsA浓度的监测     

氯雷他定胶囊和片剂的药动学及相对生物利用度

目的　研究氯雷他定胶囊与片剂的人体药动学和生物等效性。方法　选择 2 0名健康男性志愿者 ,随机交叉口服单剂量 (4 0mg)氯雷他定胶囊或片剂两种制剂 ,采用HPLC法测定血清中氯雷他定的浓度。结果　口服氯雷他定胶囊及片剂的Cmax分别为 (34.5± 1 5 .1 )ng·ml-1 和 (33.7± 1 5 .6 )ng·ml-1 ;Tmax　分别为 (1 .2± 0 .4 )h和 (1 .3± 0 .4 )h ;T1 / 2 β　分别为 (4 .3± 1 .2 )h和 (4 .5± 1 .4 )h ;AUC0 -2 4分别为 (99.1± 4 0 .2 )ng·h·ml-1 和 (99.6± 4 3.9)ng·h·ml-1 ;AUC0 -∞ 分别为 (1 0 4 .0± 39.2 )ng·h·ml-1 和 (1 0 5 .1± 4 3.4 )ng·h·ml-1 ;氯雷他定胶囊对片剂的相对生物利度为 (98.9± 31 .7) %。结论　氯雷他定胶囊和片剂具有生物等效性     

毛细管气相色谱法测定人体血浆中冰片的血药浓度

目的　建立人体血浆中冰片的含量测定方法。方法　血浆样品用正已烷 -二氯甲烷 (9∶1)萃取 ,采用毛细管气相色谱法 ,色谱柱为CBP - 2 0 -M2 5 - 0 2 5石英弹性毛细管柱 ,以萘为内标进行测定。结果　冰片血浆浓度在 0 .0 5～ 5 .0 μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好 ,r =0 .9997,最低检测浓度为 0 .0 2 μg·ml-1,平均萃取回收率为 83.0 9% ,平均方法回收率为 96 .5 5 % ,日内RSD <4 % ,日间RSD <6 %。结论　本法简便灵敏、准确可靠 ,可作为人体血浆中冰片的含量测定方法。     

HPLC测定血浆和脑组织中文拉法辛的浓度

目的:建立测定血浆和脑组织中文拉法辛的方法.方法:血浆和脑组织样品均用液-液萃取法,正己烷:异戊醇(99:1)萃取.色谱柱Agilent Zorbax Eclipse×DB-C8(4.6 mm× 150 mm,5 μm),流动相以乙腈:磷酸钾缓冲液(25:75);流速1.4 ml/min;室温;进样量20 μl;检测波长229 nm.结果:在0.25～32.00 μg/ml范围内,血浆中文拉法辛浓度与峰面积的线性关系良好(r=0.9999);在0.05～6.40 μg/ml,脑组织中文拉法辛浓度与峰面积也呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9994).血浆回收率为89.4%,血浆中文拉法辛浓度在0.5,4.0,32.0 μg/ml的日内变异系数(SD)分别为3.7%～5.5%,1.6%～5.2%和4.2%～5.7%,日间SD分别为6.5%,5.0%和2.0%,最低检测浓度为0.15 μg/ml.脑匀浆回收率是93.3%,脑匀浆文拉法辛浓度在0.5,4.0,32.0 μg/ml的日内SD分别为2.2%～3.4%,1.3%～6.0%和0.6%～3.4%,日间SD分别为4.1%,3.4%和5.6%,最低检测线为0.25 μg/ml.结论:建立了文拉法辛在血浆和脑组织中的高效液相色谱分离测定方法.该方法准确、重复性好、选择性强,适用于大鼠体内药代动力学研究和脑组织中药物浓度的测定.     

扎来普隆胶囊的人体药代动力学研究

目的　研究国产扎来普隆胶囊在中国人体内的药代动力学特征。方法　 2 0名健康志愿者单剂量口服 15mg扎来普隆胶囊 ,采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中扎来普隆浓度。结果　扎来普隆胶囊药 -时曲线符合一房室模型 ,其Cmax　为 (6 1.6 0±16 .71)ng·ml-1;Tmax　为 (0 .99± 0 .2 2 )h ,Ke为 (0 .76± 0 .11)h ,T1/ 2 (ke)　　为 (0 .93± 0 .13)h-1;AUC0 -8为 (12 8.5 9± 2 9.0 2 )ng·ml-1·h-1;AUC0 -∞ 为 (130 .34± 2 9.2 7)ng·ml-1·h-1,与国外文献报道基本一致。结论　本研究可为扎来普隆胶囊的临床应用提供药代动力学参数     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中尼索地平药物浓度

目的　建立反相高效液相 紫外色谱法测定人血浆中尼索地平药物浓度 ,并对其方法学进行验证。方法　用高效液相色谱仪和紫外检测器 ,选莫雷西嗪为内标 ,利用反相C18柱对尼索地平在人血浆中的浓度进行检测。结果　尼索地平与内标物莫雷西嗪在设定的色谱条件下有良好的分离度 ,其线性范围为 0 .7～ 6 4 .32ng·ml-1,血浆最低检测浓度 0 .7ng·ml-1,最低检测量为 0 .4ng。结论　本方法灵敏、专属性强 ,可用于尼索地平药代动力学研究及药物浓度检测     

RP-HPLC测定血浆中间硝苯地平的浓度

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定Beagle犬血浆中间硝苯地平(m-nifedipine,m-Nif)的浓度,并研究其代谢动力学规律。方法采用正交设计优选色谱和提取条件,血浆样品中m-Nif经碱化、萃取后,用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)进行分析测定。色谱分析柱为C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-10mmol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲液pH5(83∶17);流速为1.0ml/min;检测波长为350nm;内标为MN9201(二氢吡啶类)。结果线性范围为10~500ng·ml-1,最低检测浓度为10ng·ml-1,低、中、高3种不同浓度的方法回收率分别为110.84%、105.60%、104.23%;提取回收率分别为92.75%、104.46%、105.12%,日内RSD分别为9.70%、3.05%和1.75%;日间RSD分别为14.53%、7.21%和5.44%。结论本方法稳定、简便、准确,可用于Beagle犬血浆中m-Nif的浓度测定及药代动力学研究。     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme