航空发动机分布式控制系统不确定性鲁棒H∞容错控制

为减小不确定性对航空发动机分布式控制系统性能的影响,针对具有参数摄动、不确定时延、执行机构动态故障、外部噪声干扰四种不确定性的航空发动机分布式控制系统,提出了一种基于鲁棒H∞理论的容错控制方法.首先对系统不确定性进行数学描述,将不确定时延视为服从齐次Markov链分布的随机变量,将执行机构故障等效为存在均值和方差约束的随机变量,并在此基础上建立整个闭环系统的增广模型;其次证明了该增广模型保持均方渐进稳定且具备H∞性能的充分条件;最后利用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)理论给出闭环系统鲁棒H∞容错控制器的设计方法.仿真结果表明该方法能够保证控制系统均方渐进稳定,并对以上四种不确定因素具有鲁棒性,同时对于飞行包线其他各点具有较好的动态响应.     

基于LMI极点配置的高空台飞行环境模拟系统PI增益调度控制研究

针对高空台飞行环境模拟系统的温度和压力在整个工作包线内的鲁棒性能控制问题,提出了一种基于LMI极点配置的PI增益调度控制设计方法。在考虑变比热容腔微分方程、管道热传导、调节阀流量特性、液压伺服动态、传感器增益对飞行环境模拟系统造成的建模不确定性的基础上,建立了完整、准确的飞行环境模拟系统非线性模型;对非线性模型进行了线性化,并根据线性模型推导了基于LMI极点配置的PI控制器设计算法;在飞行环境模拟系统的工作包线内选取了36个稳态点设计了基于LMI极点配置的PI增益调度控制器;设计了两种飞行环境模拟试验来验证设计的PI增益调度控制器的鲁棒性能。仿真结果表明,飞行环境模拟系统温度的稳态误差和动态误差均小于0.1%,压力的稳态误差小于0.5%,动态误差小于0.7%。     

1 种航空发动机增广模型的建立方法

精确完整的发动机线性模型对于现代航空发动机控制系统的设计与故障诊断至关重要。提出了1种用差分进化算法提取包含发动机主要特征量及其执行机构状态变量的增广发动机状态变量模型的方法,其状态变量包括发动机转速、执行机构位移、速度、控制压力等特征,并包含了执行机构的输入饱和限制,与实际系统相一致。仿真结果表明:利用该方法建立的增广发动机状态变量模型与非线性模型动态响应过程吻合良好且稳定终值一致,可用于具有工程应用价值的控制器设计及包含执行机构的发动机故障诊断。     

航空发动机H∞PI输出反馈控制——非严格正则LMI方法

基于传递函数矩阵H∞范数的等价原则思想,将非严格正则模型转化为严格正则模型。通过LMI求解方法,在考虑控制能量约束的条件下,对严格正则模型进行静态输出反馈PI控制器设计。提出了一种非严格正则模型静态输出反馈PI控制器求解的算法。以某型双转子涡喷发动机为被控对象,进行静态输出反馈PI控制器的LMI设计,并分区域在飞行包线进行了动静态性能和鲁棒性能仿真验证。     

航空发动机多变量 PI 型鲁棒控制器

首先用奇异值分解法,将航空发动机不同平衡点的小偏离线性模型统一为一个具有结构参数扰动的线性模型,然后应用鲁棒H∞控制理论及PI型H∞控制设计技术,设计了PI型鲁棒串级控制器,实现了低压转速和涡轮后温度同时保持常数的双变量发动机调节方案。最后采用某型双转子涡喷发动机气动热力学非线性数字模拟器,对所设计的控制器进行了仿真评估,结果表明控制系统具有良好的动态响应及鲁棒稳定性。     

航空发动机鲁棒PI控制频域设计

针对航空发动机高、低压转速和压比控制回路,研究中考虑执行机构动态的高阶开环传递函数,根据推广到时滞系统的棱边定理,采用频域方法设计有参数不确定性的非精确模型的鲁棒PI控制器;并利用不确定范围内的发动机非线性模型构成的棱边系统和不确定系统族,验证了鲁棒控制器作用下的系统性能。仿真结果表明,该频域设计方法能使闭环系统的性能指标和鲁棒性均达标。     

飞机自动着陆鲁棒控制系统的设计与仿真

采用鲁棒H∞控制理论设计了某型飞机的自动着陆控制系统,描述了飞机自动着陆的过程,分析了系统中可能受到的干扰,建立了H∞控制问题的系统增广模型,针对飞机着陆时的要求设计了鲁棒H∞控制器以抑制干扰的影响.仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器对自动着陆时的干扰具有较强的抑制作用,能使飞机准确地跟踪期望轨迹并满足着陆指标的要求,具有良好的动态性能和鲁棒性能.     

涡扇发动机极点配置圆的多变量PI控制设计

为了实现对涡扇发动机高精准稳态控制,在静态输出反馈渐近稳定条件的基础上,考虑控制系统的鲁棒稳定裕度,推导了闭环极点配置圆的条件,提出了 1 种多变量控制系统闭环极点配置圆的线性矩阵不等式 LMI 设计方法。在双转子涡扇发动机上进行了仿真验证,双回路控制仿真表明:控制系统对于高压转子转速和涡轮落压比回路具有伺服跟踪和抗回路耦合干扰性能;单回路控制仿真表明:在不考虑执行机构动态直接进行控制器设计时,其相角裕度将减小 30°左右,导致系统的动态性能和稳定性变差。     

航空发动机T-S分布式系统自适应鲁棒滑模控制

为提高航空发动机非线性不确定分布式控制系统的鲁棒性,考虑参数摄动,外部干扰,随机时延的影响,采用一种基于飞行包线划分的航空发动机T-S模糊模型,进行了鲁棒自适应滑模控制方法的研究。基于鲁棒H∞理论,针对模糊规则的状态空间模型,推导了滑模运动渐进稳定的充分条件,设计具有扰动抑制性能的鲁棒滑模面;基于并行分布补偿技术,采用与T-S模型相同的模糊规则,确定全局模糊滑模控制器设计策略,在此基础上,采用自适应技术估计未知干扰上界,设计了自适应滑模控制器,并证明了系统在控制器作用下的到达性。仿真结果表明该方法能够保证系统渐进稳定,对所考虑的不确定性因素鲁棒性较好,有效削弱了抖振,对不同工作点和干扰条件具有良好的适应性。     

鲁棒控制用于涡喷发动机控制器设计

基于LMI(LinearMatrixInequality,线性矩阵不等式)的方法,将PID控制律与鲁棒技术交叉结合,考虑了控制受限条件,提出了一种基于LMI的输出反馈PI控制器分段设计的切换方法。这一技术应用于某型涡喷发动机全功能的数字式电子控制器的稳态控制中,并介绍了该型涡喷发动机控制系统的组成,包括硬件、软件、步进电机执行机构及燃油计量装置。设计的电子控制器在发动机半实物仿真平台上进行了鲁棒性能的验证,实现了电子控制器的等转速调节功能和逻辑监控保护功能,满足涡喷发动机多功能FADEC控制要求。      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.