贵州金沙安洛勘探区北段煤中硫及其控制因素

根据地质勘探资料和煤心煤样的分析结果,对贵州金沙安洛区北段煤中硫的时空分布以及煤中硫与沉积环境的关系进行了研究。结果表明,该区形成于以潮坪为主的过渡相环境,由于沉积过程中受海水影响,煤中硫的质量分数总体偏高;但由于海水对煤层作用的强度不一,使不同煤层或同一煤层不同部位硫的质量分数差异很大,而且煤中硫的质量分数变化与煤层顶底板的古地理环境有关。      

贵州晚二叠世煤中硫同位素的组成特征

报道了贵州主要开采矿山晚二叠世煤中不同形态硫的同位素组成特征。形成于海水影响较小环境中的煤以低的硫含量,偏正的δ＾３４Ｓ值为特点,形成于海相或受海水影响较大的环境中的煤,则具有高的硫含量和偏负的δ＾３４Ｓ值;在高硫含量的煤中,有机硫和无机硫具有弱的相关性,可能它们具有一致的来源;煤中有机硫的同位素组成对成煤环境是灵敏的,可作为成煤环境划分指标,根据有机硫含量和同位素组成,可分出海水对煤层的影响程度     

兖州矿区山西组 3煤层中微量元素的特征分析

通过对兖州矿区山西组3煤层21个样品中全硫、硫化物硫、有机硫和具有环境意义的微量元素Cu、Pb、Zn、As、U、Th含量的测试，分析了微量元素在研究区煤层垂直方向上的变化特征及主要形成原因，并发现煤层中所选的微量元素、硫化物琉及全硫在煤层顶、底或煤层夹矸样品中含量相对较高。微量元素与硫化物硫、全硫的相关系数表明，所研究的微量元素与硫化物硫和全硫有明显的正相关关系，而且研究区3煤层中全硫的含量取决于硫化物硫的含量。同时还研究了原煤中微量元素的含量与灰产率的关系，并将研究区微量元素同世界和中国同类煤中的微量元素的含量进行了比较。     

乌达矿区高硫煤层的聚积环境与煤中硫的分布

对乌达矿区高硫煤层的沉积相、煤相和煤中硫在平面上的分布进行了研究。结果表明,１０煤层泥炭聚积时的古水系对煤中硫的分布有明显的影响,９煤层泥炭聚积时的三环境决定了煤中硫的分布,浅水陆棚或分流间湾环境中形成的煤层具有较高ＧＩ、Ｖ／Ｉ值和硫含量,在障壁砂坝中形成的煤层具有高的硫含量、低的ＧＩ、Ｖ／Ｉ值,在泻湖中具有高ＧＩ、Ｖ／Ｉ值和相对较少的硫含量。     

四川晚二叠世煤中硫与成煤环境的关系

本文从沉积学、成煤环境、地球化学等方面研究了煤中硫的分布规律，并详细阐明了煤中硫与成煤环境的关系。研究表明:煤中硫的赋存状况，不仅受成煤环境的影响，而且受其顶板沉积环境的影响。成煤环境奠定了煤中硫的分布基础，而顶板环境则是促使煤富硫、高硫的重要因素。微咸水浑水潮坪的顶板沉积环境，导致了下伏煤高黄铁矿硫，而咸水的清水潮坪顶板环境则导致下伏煤高有机硫。     

中国煤中硒的环境地球化学

硒是煤中易挥发元素之一。伴随煤炭的开采、利用,煤中硒可能进入环境并引起环境质量的变化,影响生态环境和人体健康。本文在全面综合国内外研究文献的基础上,分析了中国煤中硒在不同省份、不同成煤时代中的含量及分布规律,总结了硒在煤中的赋存状态、形成机理和影响因素,概括了煤在燃烧和淋溶过程中硒的迁移转化及其环境影响,指出中国煤中硒的含量在不同煤田、不同成煤时代及不同变质程度的煤中,含量差别较大,全国平均值约为5.60 mg/kg。     

贵州马依西二井田煤中硫特征和沉积环境探讨

依据井田地质勘查资料及煤质测试结果,对马依西二井田内可采煤层中硫的特征及与沉积环境的关系进行了探讨。结果表明,区内各煤层煤中硫含量变化较大,自下而上以底部30、29煤为高硫煤,煤中硫分最高可达7.2%,下部19至26为中高硫-高硫煤,17-1煤层为低硫煤,上部3至12-1煤层为中高硫煤;在平面上总体呈东南高、北西低的分布态势。聚煤环境是造成煤中硫差异的主要因素,17-1煤发育于泛滥平原相中,以成煤植物所含的原生硫为主,煤中硫含量低,而其它煤层形成环境因受海水影响较大,存在更多以硫化铁硫为主的次生硫而使硫含量较高。     

中国煤中有机硫的分布及其成因

对来自全国26个省、市、自治区的290个煤样中有机硫的质量分数测试及研究,发现煤中有机硫质量分数基本分布在0%1.0%范围内。在低硫煤中硫分以有机硫为主,在高硫煤中以无机硫为主。中、高硫煤中,广西、湖南等地区很大一部分煤中硫分以有机硫为主。在所采集的样品中,高有机硫煤(有机硫>1%)均分布在华南、华北两大聚煤区,属于石炭、二叠纪煤。高有机硫煤中有机硫质量分数的变化与变质程度无明显关系。煤炭形成过程中海水作用的影响,是导致煤中有机硫含量偏高的最主要原因。      

中国煤中砷的含量分布、赋存状态、富集及环境意义

砷是煤中有害微量元素之一,在煤加工利用过程中,砷会以各种形式释放出来,进入环境。本文在全面分析现有资料和文献的基础上,结合作者对中国煤中砷的研究成果,分析了中国煤中砷的含量与分布、赋存状态、富集因素以及环境意义。通过研究和分析可知,中国煤中砷的平均值约为5μg/g,但在不同地区、不同时代以及不同类型的煤中有较大的差异,除中国西南地区含量异常高外,一般含量均在10μg/g以内;煤中砷的赋存状态多种多样,主要以无机态的硫化物结合为主,并常与黄铁矿等矿物伴生,也存在有机态结合的砷;中国煤中砷的来源和富集主要是以陆源母岩、成煤植物、沉积环境和构造裂隙—热液作用等为主的多种因素综合控制的结果;在煤燃烧过程中,煤中的砷释放出来,并对长期生活在燃煤地区的环境和人体产生影响。本文还提出今后煤中砷研究的主要方向,以为煤中砷的研究提供参考资料。     

煤中有害物质及其对环境的影响研究进展

综述了煤中有害物质的种类、分布赋存特征及对环境的影响研究进展。探讨了煤中黄铁矿的形态、世代交替、有机硫的结构及煤中硫的地质成因。阐述了煤中微量元素的种类、地质分布、赋存状态、迁移聚集机制及其环境危害。并对煤及燃煤产物中多环芳烃的种类、赋存规律及对环境和人类健康的危害进行了详细阐述。最后指出了煤中有害物质研究中存在的问题与发展趋势。     

Selenium in Chinese coals: distribution,occurrence, and health impact

Selenium (Se) is one of the volatile elements in coal. During mining and utilization of coal, Se is largely released into the environment, which influences environmental quality, and consequently impacts on human health. This paper is a review of current knowledge on the distribution, occurrence and environmental impact of Se in Chinese coals. This study includes the following aspects: distribution and abundance of Se in coals of different provinces of China, different coal-forming periods, modes of occurrence of Se in coals, formation mechanism of Se in coals, migration processes and transformation of Se during coal combustion and leaching and their environmental effects. The available data show that Se content in Chinese coals is highly variable in different coalfields, different coal-forming periods, and different coal seams from individual coalfields. The average Se content in Chinese coal is 3.91 mg/kg.     

The Karoo Basin of South Africa: type basin for the coal-bearing deposits of southern Africa

The coal-bearing sediments and coal seams of the Karoo Basin, Southern Africa are described and discussed. The Karoo Basin is bounded on its southern margin by the Cape Fold Belt, onlaps onto the Kaapvaal Craton in the north and is classified as a foreland basin. Coal seams are present within the Early Permian Vryheid Formation and the Triassic Molteno Formation.The peats of the Vryheid Formation accumulated within swamps in a cool temperate climatic regime. Lower and upper delta plain, back-barrier and fluvial environments were associated with peat formation. Thick, laterally extensive coal seams have preferentially accumulated in fluvial environments. The coals are in general inertinite-rich and high in ash. However, increasing vitrinite and decreasing ash contents within seams occur from west to east across the coalfields. The Triassic Molteno coal seams accumulated with aerially restricted swamps in fluvial environments. These Molteno coals are thin, laterally impersistent, vitrinite-rich and shaly, and formed under a warm temperate climatic regime.Palaeoclimate, depositional systems, differential subsidence and basin tectonics influence to varying degrees, the maceral content, thickness and lateral extent of coal seams. However, the geographic position of peat-forming swamps within a foreland basin, coupled with basin tectonics and differential subsidence are envisaged as the primary controls on coal parameters. The Permian coals are situated in proximal positions on the passive margin of the foreland basin. Here, subsidence was limited which enhanced oxidation of organic matter and hence the formation of inertinitic coals. The coals in this tectonic setting are thick and laterally extensive. The Triassci coals are situated within the tectonically active foreland basin margin. Rapid subsidence and sedimentation rates occurred during peat formation which resulted in the preservation of thin, laterally impersistent, high ash, vitrinite-rich, shaly coals.     

贵州晚二叠世各煤田含煤性分析

贵州地处扬子地台的西南缘,晚古生代受南北向挤压产生黔中隆起,同时在隆起南侧形成EW向纳雍—瓮安断裂,以此断裂为界,北部隆起,南部坳陷。在黔北台隆区内分布有毕节煤田、黔北煤田、黔东北煤田;黔南坳陷区分布有六盘水煤田、黔南煤田、黔东南煤田、织纳煤田、贵阳煤田。受构造控制,黔北台隆区晚二叠世含煤地层沉积厚度普遍小于黔南坳陷区,含煤性也较黔南坳陷差。根据含煤地层沉积环境差异,自西向东分为宣威相区（陆相）、龙潭相区（过渡相）和吴家坪相区（湾相）。黔北、六盘水、织纳煤田为海陆交互相沉积环境,三角洲发育,特别是织纳煤田受一组共轭剪切断裂及黔中断裂影响,整体呈三角坳陷,有利于碎屑物堆积,在其广阔的三角洲间湾发育了较好的泥炭沼泽,聚煤条件好,形成50余层煤,平均总厚度38.76m。陆相区的毕节煤田以河流相沉积为主,含煤10余层,煤层厚度变化大。黔东北、黔南、黔东南煤田以海相沉积为主,黔东北、黔东南煤田仅在底部含煤,层数少,仅一层可采。古构造、沉积环境是影响各煤田含煤性差异的主要因素。     

Distribution, isotopic variation and origin of sulfur in coals in the Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China

This paper describes coal petrographic characteristics, sulfur abundance, distribution and isotopic signature in coals in the Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia, northern China. Petrographic studies suggest that depositional environment influences petrographic composition. The No. 9 and No. 10 coal seams, which are thought to have formed on a tidal delta plain, have high collodetrinite contents (up to 66.1%) indicating enhanced gelification and bacteria activity during coal accumulation, and also have the highest sulfur content (3.46% and 3.42%). Both organic and pyritic sulfur isotope values (−12.3‰ to 5.8‰ and −18.7‰ to 1.1‰, respectively) are variable and generally tend to be more negative in high-sulfur coals than those in low-sulfur coals in the Wuda coalfield. The negative sulfur isotope values indicate that a large portion of sulfur in the high-sulfur coals has a bacterial origin. Sulfur isotopic compositions and variations within the section were used to propose a model to explain the origin of sulfur in these coals. The presence of pyritized rod-like bacteria, cyanophyte's gelatinous sheaths and degraded algae organic matter suggests that bacteria, and perhaps algae, may play an important role in the formation of these high-sulfur coals.     

内蒙古西部乌达矿区煤层自燃的控制因素

煤层自燃是一个复杂的物理、化学和环境作用过程,是多种内在原因和外在条件综合作用的结果.本文分析了内蒙古乌达矿区煤层自然发火的内在原因和外在条件,揭示了煤层自燃的各种控制因素.影响煤层自燃的内在原因包括煤层厚度、变质程度、灰分含量、发热量、硫含量和有机显微组分含量等;外在条件包括地质构造、气候、水文地质、地形地貌、煤层的赋存状况、大矿和小煤窑的开采情况等.最后探讨了对不同成因的煤层自燃采取不同的预防和治理方法,为今后煤火的研究和治理奠定了理论基础.     

Geochemistry of environmentally sensitive trace elements in Permian coals from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui, China

To study the geochemical characteristics of 11 environmentally sensitive trace elements in the coals of the Permian Period from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui province, China, borehole samples of 336 coals, two partings, and four roof and floor mudstones were collected from mineable coal seams. Major elements and selected trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HAAS). The depositional environment, abundances, distribution, and modes of occurrence of trace elements were investigated. Results show that clay and carbonate minerals are the principal inorganic constituents in the coals. A lower deltaic plain, where fluvial channel systems developed successively, was the likely depositional environment of the Permian coals in the Huainan coalfield. All major elements have wider variation ranges than those of Chinese coals except for Mg and Fe. The contents of Cr, Co, Ni, and Se are higher than their averages for Chinese coals and world coals. Vertical variations of trace elements in different formations are not significant except for B and Ba. Certain roof and partings are distinctly higher in trace elements than underlying coal bench samples. The modes of occurrence of trace elements vary in different coal seams as a result of different coal-forming environments. Vanadium, Cr, and Th are associated with aluminosilicate minerals, Ba with carbonate minerals, and Cu, Zn, As, Se, and Pb mainly with sulfide minerals.     

Variation of Hg content in low sulfur coals in relation to the coal-forming environment: a case study from Zhuji Coal Mine,Huainan Coalfield,North China

Twenty-nine low sulfur coal samples were selected to determine the magnitude and variability of mercury (Hg) content in a well-documented stratigraphy system including ten continuous coal seams in Zhuji Coal Mine, Huainan Coalfield, Anhui Province, North China. Mercury content of samples was measured on a direct mercury analyzer and confident results were obtained as evaluated by standard references, sample replicates and procedural blanks. The calculated overall mine average Hg content is 71.19?±?9.28 ng/g based on seam averages and weighting by the estimated reserve of each coal seam. The estimated Hg emission potential for Huainan coalfield is obviously lower than that calculated from coal emission factor in industrial use. An increasing trend of Hg content with the evolution of depositional environment was observed from Nos. 3 to 11-2 coal seams. Combining the evidence of sedimentology and paleontology, a better understanding was gained of the mechanism of Hg sequestration in specific coal benches. A large portion of Hg residing in the low sulfur coals presumably integrated to the functional groups of organic constitution, whereas pyrite was generally abundant in the high sulfur coals.