Warm incremental forming of magnesium alloy AZ31

Industrial application of magnesium alloy AZ31 is dramatically increasing due to the very competitive mechanical strength vs. weight ratio. On the other hand, AZ31 is very difficult to be formed at room temperature. In this study incremental forming of the above material is taken into account, with particular reference to formability limits. The role of the main process parameters on material formability was investigated through a wide experimental campaign and a rigorous statistical analysis.     

Influence of initial texture on formability of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets at different temperatures

Repeated unidirectional bending (RUB) process was carried out to improve the texture of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets. Influence of initial texture on formability of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets at different temperatures was investigated. Compared with the as-received sheets, the limiting drawing ratio of the RUB processed sheets increased to 1.3 at room temperature, 1.5 at 50 °C and 1.7 at 100 °C, respectively. The improvement of the press formability at lower temperatures can be attributed to the texture modification, which led to a smaller Lankford value and a larger strain hardening exponent. However, the press formability of the sheet with a weakened basal texture has no advantage at higher temperature. This is due to much smaller r-value that results in severe thinning in thickness direction during the stamping process which is unfavorable to forming. Anyhow it is likely that the texture control has more effect on the press formability at lower temperature.     

Formability of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets at warm working conditions

Fine-grained AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets were prepared through hot-rolling process. To investigate the mechanical properties of the sheets, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted at various temperatures and strain rates. The formability of AZ31 alloy sheets at warm working conditions was evaluated by limit drawing ratio (LDR) tests and limit dome height (LDH) tests at temperatures from 50 to 240 °C. It is demonstrated that LDR increases remarkably with temperatures, whilst LDH does not seem to increase much with temperatures. The maximum LDR reaches 2.65 at a punch speed of 30mm/min at 200 °C, whereas the maximum LDH is only 10.8 mm, showing good deep drawability and poor stretchability of AZ31 alloy sheets. In addition, punch speeds and punch temperatures were found to have significant effects on the deep drawability of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets.     

有色金属板材若干温热加工成形技术的发展

介绍了有色金属材料加工先进新技术国内外发展和应用概况,包括近年来关于镁合金、钛合金、铝合金等典型有色金属材料领域出现的先进塑性成形技术,尤其温热加工成形技术。在镁合金板材冲压成形领域,介绍了镁合金板材温热冲压成形、差温冲压成形、温热液压成形和热冲锻成形以及镁合金型材温热拉弯成形等新工艺技术,为镁合金板材在汽车、电子、机车车辆等领域的应用奠定了技术基础。钛合金板材零件的热应力成形、热胀形成形、激光弯曲成形、高温蠕变成形技术都得到了发展和应用。随着铝合金的进一步应用和发展,一些低塑性难成形高强铝合金的用量在增加,应用领域在扩展。因此铝合金的温热液压成形、冲锻成形都有所发展。     

Deep drawing of square cups with magnesium alloy AZ31 sheets

The square cup drawing of magnesium alloy AZ31 (aluminum 3%, zinc 1%) sheets was studied by both the experimental approach and the finite element analysis. The mechanical properties of AZ31 sheets at various forming temperatures were first obtained from the tensile tests and the forming limit tests. The test results indicate that AZ31 sheets exhibit poor formability at room temperature, but the formability could be improved significantly at elevated temperatures up to 200 °C. The test results were then employed in the finite element simulations to investigate the effects of process parameters, such as punch and die corner radii, and forming temperature, on the formability of square cup drawing with AZ31 sheets. In order to validate the finite element analysis, the deep drawing of square cups of AZ31 sheets at elevated temperatures was also performed. The experimental data show a good agreement with the simulation results, and the optimal forming temperature, punch radius and die corner radius were then determined for the square cup drawing of AZ31 sheets.     

工艺参数对镁合金板温成形模具圆角摩擦因数的影响

利用自行研制的摩擦测试装置进行了镁合金板温成形过程模具圆角部位摩擦测试试验。通过正交试验,探讨了温度、压边力、润滑状态3种工艺参数对模具圆角部位摩擦因数的影响,并采用统计方法对所得到的数据进行了分析,确定了影响摩擦因数的最优工艺参数组合和显著性因素。分析结果表明:温度220℃、压边力3 MPa和水基石墨润滑为最优工艺参数组合,3种工艺参数中,温度因素的影响最为显著,压边力因素影响一般,润滑因素影响最小。     

铝合金板温成形过程摩擦在线检测系统的研究

介绍并分析了对板料成形过程摩擦问题研究的发展与现状。设计出一种用于动态测量板料成形真实过程摩擦系数的探针传感器,并在此基础上开发出铝合金板料温成形过程摩擦在线检测系统。利用该系统进行了铝镁合金板(5182)筒形件温成形过程摩擦在线检测,得到了合理的实验结果。     

Warm deep drawing of wrought magnesium alloy sheets produced by semi-solid roll strip-casting process

This paper is concerned with the development of a continuous strip-casting technology to facilitate the manufacture of magnesium sheet alloys economically whilst maintaining high quality. Established in the paper is warm formability of cast magnesium alloy sheets after being hot rolled by semi-solid roll strip-casting process. It has been found that magnesium sheet with 2.0–4.0 mm thickness could be produced at a speed of 25 m/min. Hot rolling and annealing temperatures during hot rolling were also changed to examine which condition would be appropriate for producing wrought magnesium alloys with good formability. Microstructures of the crystals of the manufactured wrought magnesium alloys were observed. It has been found that a limiting drawing ratio of 2.7 was possible in a warm deep-drawing test of the cast magnesium alloy sheets after being hot rolled.     

镁合金的成形技术及其应用研究

介绍了镁合金的铸造、塑性变形、超塑性成形等成形技术,以及镁合金在航空航天、汽车、电子产品等领域的应用,讨论了存在的问题和对前景展望。     

镁合金筒形件旋压成形工艺及模具设计

介绍了镁合金筒形件的旋压成形工艺,研究了成形该工件的旋压模具结构。在加热状态下,由主轴带动芯模和毛坯旋转,依靠芯模和旋轮使毛坯发生变薄旋压。同时针对设计过程中出现的温度、毛坯结构等影响因素,设计出了合理的模具。该模具结构简单,重点设计旋轮和芯模,实现了在普通车床上进行旋压,降低了成本,并成功得以生产应用。     

Effect of electromagnetic casting process on microstructure and properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy

ABSTRACT

In this paper, AZ31 magnesium alloy is cast by applying the semi-continuous casting process with a low-frequency electromagnetic field. By studying the influence of electromagnetic field frequency, excitation current intensity and casting velocity on the microstructure and mechanical properties, the optimum process under oil-slip electromagnetic casting conditions was determined to improve the degree of grain refinement, yield strength, elongation and tensile strength of AZ31 alloy. An improved microstructure refining effect and higher hardness can be obtained with a current intensity af 60 A. The microstructures and mechanical properties obtained for different casting velocities of V = 200 mm/min and V = 230 mm/min at processing parameters of f = 30 Hz and I = 120 A were compared. Our results suggest that a higher casting speed does not lead to grain refinement or improved mechanical properties. Frequency     

镁合金AZ31B板材热拉深成形工艺参数优化

在不同温度、不同压边力和不同拉深速度下，针对厚度为0．8mm的AZ31B镁合金板材的成形性能用有限元分析软件进行模拟与分析。在25～220℃的温度范围内，采用直径为140mm的坯料进行冲压成形，研究成形温度、拉深速度以及压边力对AZ31B镁合金板成形性能的影响。结果表明：成形温度为200℃时的极限拉深比达到了2.8；成形温度在200℃以下时，随着成形温度的升高。镁合金板材的成形性能越来越好。这证明AZ31B镁合金具有良好的热拉深性能；此外，拉深速度和压边力对AZ31B镁合金的拉深成形也有重要影响。     

镁合金筒形件正反向快速气压胀形实验研究

采用两种不同轮廓的反向预成形模具以1.5mm厚的AZ31轧制镁合金板材为坯料进行了筒形件的快速气压胀形实验,结果表明预成形模具型腔轮廓曲率半径过小(r=5)时,反向胀形时间可达到120s。当反向胀形变形量较大时,在较高的气压下成形预成形件内表面会产生一些垂直于板料轧制方向的拉裂痕。筒形件单向和正反向气压胀形实验结果表明,在400℃温度下胀形300s可以成形出高径比(高度/直径)为0.37的完好筒形件,筒形件壁厚介于0.44和1.40mm之间,最薄处位于底部拐角处。     

铸造镁合金成形工艺现状与发展趋势

本文综述了以压铸为代表的铸造镁合金主要加工方法的现状,并对与铸造镁合金成形工艺相关的研究课题和发展趋势作了简要的论述.     

工艺参数对AM50A镁合金双控成形件组织和性能的影响(英文)

利用四因素四水平正交实验研究工艺参数对双控成形AM50A镁合金构件的力学性能和微观组织的影响。双控成形的参数变化曲线表明,锻造过程是在压射过程完成35 ms后启动的。这表明双控成形过程既包含高速充填过程又具有高压密实过程。与压铸相比,双控成形构件既具有好的表面质量又具有高的力学性能。这主要是由于双控成形构件具有细小、均匀且具有很少(或者没有)铸造缺陷的微观组织所致。与浇注温度、模具温度和锻造压力相比,压铸速度对构件的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率有更大的影响。但是与压射速度、模具温度和锻造压力相比,浇注温度对构件的硬度有更大的影响。除模具温度之外,675°C的浇注温度、2.7 m/s的压射速度和4000kN的锻造压力是获得最高的屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率和硬度的工艺参数。而要获得最高的屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率和硬度的模具温度匹配顺序为:205、195、195和225°C。在压铸件的拉伸断口表面能够发现明显的显微缩松和微裂纹。双控成形构件的拉伸断口表面存在大量的韧窝,没有铸造缺陷。这种韧窝形貌的断口对于提高构件的力学性能非常有利。     

Ductility of a magnesium alloy in warm forging with controlled forming speed using a CNC servo press

The influence of press ram motion on forging performance for magnesium alloys was examined at elevated temperatures using an upsettability test on a CNC servo press. The forging limit of a wrought AZ31B (Mg–3 mass%Al–1 mass%Zn) magnesium specimen, forged using applied deceleration of the press ram motion, was found to be 30% higher than the forging limit achieved without press ram motion control. A finite element analysis was conducted to model the experimental results. The calculated temperature distribution was relatively uniform during upsetting with decelerated ram motion, and the maximum equivalent strain was maintained at a low level. Experimental and simulation results suggested that the influence of the press ram motion on the ductility of the Mg specimen could be described by a strain localization model. Furthermore, the ductility of Mg specimens during decelerated ram motion was improved in backward extrusion.     

镁合金汽车轮毂塑性成形研究

针对一种镁合金汽车轮毂,研究了该零件的结构工艺性,制定了复合挤压和刚性扩口的两步塑性成形工艺方案,设计了简单高效的成形模具,进行了精密挤压成形试验.试验表明:新技术工艺简单、设备和模具投入少;复合挤压变形抗力小于140MPa,扩口工艺的压力不足20 kN,可以明显减小设备能力和模具尺寸;制件壁厚均匀、尺寸精度较高,只需...     

线圈和模具结构对板材电磁脉冲成形效率的影响

电磁成形是一种高速率成形方法,可大幅度提高材料的成形极限。但是成形过程中仅有一小部分电能被转变成工件的塑性变形能。为了提高材料塑性变形的能量利用率,本文采用实验和模拟手段分析了不同尺寸的凹模和线圈结构对铝合金板材电磁成形后的轮廓、塑性应变和能量利用率的影响规律。对比板材的最终变形轮廓,模拟与实验结果一致。同时发现当放电参数一定,线圈半径接近于凹模半径与圆角半径之和时,板材的塑性变形能最大,达到189.92J,能量利用率达到4.5%。     

镁合金壳体热挤压成形工艺研究

结合非对称锥形壳体零件，研究了镁合金材料MB2的热挤压成形工艺。通过实验研究发现，镁合金材料MB2在适当的温度下，具有较好的成形性。结合理论分析和试验，优化了非对称锥形壳体零件反挤压毛坯和冲头形状，成功生产出合格样件，并进行了小批量生产。     

镁合金板材胀形和扩孔性能研究

镁合金板由于其具有较小的比重正广泛地应用于零件制造,但它的许多成形性能目前还不能在专业手册中查到,这严重影响了它的成形工艺设计,为此,我们设计了实验模具,并在GB60杯突实验机上对镁合金AZ31板进行了胀形实验和扩孔试验,并对它的成形性能进行了研究,获得了极限胀形系数、平均扩孔率以及成形力与行程的关系曲线等一些有价值的数据,对这一新材料的成形规律有了一定认识。