高压输电线路的故障测距方法

高压输电线路的准确故障测距是保证电力系统安全稳定运行的有效途径之一。比较全面地讨论了故障测距方法及其研究现状。根据各测距算法采用的原理不同,将其分为故障分析法和行波法两类,在简单介绍故障分析法之后,重点对行波法的行波获取、波头识别、波速确定等问题以及单端、双端和多端行波测距算法分别进行了分析、对比和讨论,并在此基础上总结得出了行波法中仍需解决的问题和可能的解决办法以及各种测距算法的优点和存在的问题。指出了每种测距算法的适用范围和应用局限性。最后,对高压输电线路故障测距的研究及应用前景进行了展望。     

高压架空输电线路的行波故障测距方法

介绍了利用电压、电流行波进行线路故障测距的方法。单端法是测量故障产生的行波在故障点及母线之间往返一趟的时间来计算故障距离,双端法利用故障行波到达线路两端的时间差测距。然后逐类对各种算法的理论基础和应用条件进行了分析、对比和讨论,并在该基础上总结得出了各测距算法的优点及存在的问题,指出了每种测距算法的适用范围和应用局限性。最后,对高压架空输电线路故障测距的研究及应用前景进行了展望。     

高压直流输电线路故障测距研究综述

高压直流输电线路的距离长、跨越的地区地形地貌和环境气候差别很大,故障概率高。对故障测距的准确度要求也高。因此,提出了描述分布参数线路电气特征的波动方程作为故障测距原理的基础,针对时间、频率和空间三个角度,分别对提出的行波法、固有频率法和故障分析法进行了技术梳理与总结,明确了以行波法为主、固有频率法和故障分析法协助提高测距可靠性的整体技术方案,并就高阻接地弱故障启动、波头振荡、反射系数频变等行波测距法现存的问题给出了后续的改进思路和方案。     

高压输电线路故障测距研究

高压输电线路担负着传送电能的重要任务,其故障直接威胁到电力系统的安全运行,本文通过对故障测距存在的几个问题进行了讨论,设计了一套高压输电线路新型故障测距装置,同时为行波法和故障分析法的实现提供了硬件支持,实现了精确的双端测距系统的要求。     

高压架空输电线路的故障测距方法

对高压架空输电线路进行准确的故障测距是保证电力系统安全稳定运行的有效途径之一。为此,章比较全面的介绍了国内外在此方面的发展历程和研究现状。根据各测距算法采用的原理不同,将现有的各种测距算法分为行波测距、单端测距和双测距三类,然后逐类对各种算法的理论基础和应用条件上进行了分析、对比和讨论,并在此基础上总结得出了各测距算法的优点及存在的问题,指出了每种测距算法的适用范围和应用局限性。最后,对高压架空     

Hilbert Huang变换应用于高压输电线路故障测距

为提高故障测距的精度、增强自适应性、提高对于低频信号的分辨,提出使用Hilbert Huang方法进行故障测距。将故障点的行波信号首先进行经验模态分解（EMD）,再对分解得到的IMF1进行Hil-bert Huang变换得到信号瞬时频率图,进而找出频率突变点的时间进行行波波头的识别。在介绍了Hil-bert Huang变换基本概念和原理的基础上,进行仿真算例分析,处理行波参数,得出测距结果并进行误差分析,并与小波变换进行对比。实验表明,本方法有效且精度较高。     

输电线路行波故障测距

通过对输电线路上的行波分析 ,本文介绍了行波测距的三种方法 ,并对行波故障测距存在的几个问题进行了讨论。     

Hilbert-Huang变换应用于高压输电线路故障测距

为提高故障测距的精度、增强自适应性、提高对于低频信号的分辨,提出使用Hilbert-Huang方法进行故障测距。将故障点的行波信号首先进行经验模态分解(EMD),再对分解得到的IMF1进行HilbertHuang变换得到信号瞬时频率图,进而找出频率突变点的时间进行行波波头的识别。在介绍了HilbertHuang变换基本概念和原理的基础上,进行仿真算例分析,处理行波参数,得出测距结果并进行误差分析,并与小波变换进行对比。实验表明,本方法有效且精度较高。     

实用高压直流输电线路故障测距方法

高压直流输电线路行波测距一般精度较高,但由于行波测距装置本身和行波测距的死区等原因,使得有些高压直流输电线路故障无法得到定位,针对现有高压直流输电线路行波测距的不足提出了单端、双端行波测距和常规量测距相结合的综合测距方法,依据现有的故障录波数据实现常规量测距。以500kV贵广直流工程为例,说明了行波测距失败的实际情况,并分析了其中的原因,验证了综合测距方案的有效性,并分析了故障行波波头检测部分、高压直流分压器和高压直流分流器的组成原理。     

架空输电线路故障测距的方法及应用

当架空输电线路发生故障时．必须对线路进行快速准确的故障测距．目前架空输电线路故障测距所采用的方法有阻抗测距法和行波测距法。通过介绍这两种测距方法的工作原理及其各自在电力系统中的实际应用情况．对它们的优点和存在问题进行了分析比较,并对行波测距法进行了较为详细的分类比较,指出A型行波测距法将会在今后的故障测距领域中逐渐得到推广应用。     

Fault prediction on high voltage transmission lines

The prediction of faults on high voltage transmission lines requires the detection of incipient faults, which is implemented by detection of the radio noise due to contaminated insulators, insulation deterioration, and improper connections. It is shown that the radio noise due to incipient faults is separable and identifiable from normal transmission line radio noise, hence faults can be predicted.     

基于电压振幅和支持向量回归机的高压电力输电线故障定位

针对高压电力输电线智能定位法中由于采用特征提取算法导致定位速度慢的问题,提出一种基于电压振幅和支持向量回归机的高压电力输电线故障智能定位系统。首先使用Matlab建立一条220 k V/300 km的高压电力输电线,并在此输电线上模拟出不同过渡电阻、不同位置、不同故障类型和故障初始角的故障信号。此系统使用单端测量方式,并只采集电压故障信号。采集到的电压故障信号经过低通滤波剔除干扰信号后,提取故障点后1/2周期的电压幅值作为故障特征信号,由支持向量回归机对故障特征信号进行训练和验证,实现对故障的精准定位。仿真研究表明,此系统不仅在很大程度上提高了故障定位的速度,而且故障定位的精度也非常高。     

基于最小相位差全局搜索的高压输电线路故障测距

提出了一种针对两相接地故障的单端故障测距算法。利用保护安装处的电压、电流,估算线路上的残压和故障支路的故障电流,通过故障点残压与故障分量电流相位差最小的特征进行定位。为了精确地考虑分布电容的影响,采用贝瑞隆模型计算全线的电压分布。通过相模变换,建立了基于模空间的输电线路方程,设定故障点后,通过相模反变换还原出预设故障点的相电压残压。为了克服超越方程求解的困难,提出采用全局一维搜索的方法,对全线路的电压、电流分布进行估算,找出其中相位差最小的电压与电流,其对应的距离即为故障距离。大量的EMTDC仿真试验表明,不同过渡电阻、不同故障点和不同故障合闸角的情况下,该算法均能够准确测量故障距离,最大测距误差均在0.5%以内。     

Fault location in transmission lines using one-terminal postfault voltage data

A new algorithm for fault location in transmission lines, with fault distance calculation based on steady-state measured phasors in local terminal is presented. For the postfault, only voltage phasors are required, avoiding possible errors due to current transformer saturation; the current phasors are required only in prefault time, when saturation does not occur. The algorithm does not use simplifying hypothesis but requires system equivalent data at both line terminals and the fault classification, considering fault resistance purely resistive. In order to verify the algorithm performance, a parametric analysis of variables that influences short-circuit conditions is developed, including an analysis of remote equivalent setting. The results show that the algorithm is very accurate, even in cases when the remote equivalent is not well fitted.     

Active RF filter for high voltage transmission lines

A new technique is described for a general active radio frequency (RF) filter trap that can be used to suppress noise or interference on high-voltage (HV) transmission line carrier signals. The techinque exploits the Miller effect of an RF amplifier in conjunction with a special sensing circuit and is potentially far more economical to implement than conventional techniques that use passive HV filter components     

高压直流输电线路行波色散及行波测距研究

针对长距离高压直流输电线路行波色散影响行波测距精度的问题,对某±800kV直流线路的行波色散现象进行仿真研究,得到10～3000km传输距离对应的电压行波和电流行波的色散波形,分析行波色散对行波测距的影响.为准确标定色散行波的波头到达时刻并准确修正行波波速,本文提出一种在时域标定行波波头时刻的方法,仿真分析不同传输距离时的"距离-时间偏差"曲线和"距离-等效波速"曲线.基于波速曲线采用多次迭代的方式进行行波测距,可实现高精度的直流线路行波测距.采用对装置样机进行波形回放的方式对本文所提方法进行试验验证,结果表明该方法的测距精度满足工程应用需求.     

Fault diagnosis system for tapped power transmission lines

This paper presents a design for a fault diagnosis system (FDS) for tapped HV/EHV power transmission lines. These lines have two different protection zones. The proposed approach reduces the cost and the complexity of the FDS for these types of lines. The FDS consists basically of fifteen artificial neural networks (ANNs). The FDS basic objectives are mainly: (1) the detection of the system fault; (2) the localization of the faulted zone; (3) the classification of the fault type; and finally (4) the identification of the faulted phase. This FDS is structured in a three hierarchical levels. In the first level, a preprocessing unit to the input data is performed. An ANN, in the second level, is designed in order to detect and zone localize the line faults. In the third level, two zone diagnosis systems (ZDS) are designed. Each ZDS is dedicated to one zone and consists of seven parallel-cascaded ANN's. Four-parallel ANN's are designed in order to achieve the fault type classification. While, the other three cascaded ANN's are designed mainly for the selection of the faulted phase. A smoothing unit is also configured to smooth out the output response of the proposed FDS.     

基于双曲正切函数相位特性的高压长线路故障测距新算法

提出一种基于双曲正切函数相位特性高压长线路故障测距新算法,其在将故障位置作为已知条件看待并引入参考点与之匹配的思想基础上,构建了一个和双曲正切函数具有相同相位特性的测距函数。根据所取参考点与故障点相匹配时测距函数相位等于零这一特征进行定位。该方法理论上不存在伪根,所需运算量远小于传统方法的运算量,能有效克服传统方法存在的测距精度和测距速度此消彼长的矛盾。EMTDC仿真结果表明,该方法不受过渡电阻、故障位置和故障发生角等因素的影响,在线路参数严重不均匀情况下依然保持较高的测距精度,具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Fault location for transmission lines using inference model neural network

The authors propose a new fault location method that uses a neural network to analyze the distribution pattern of the ground wire current along the power line. This method is able to locate the fault section even for secondary power lines with complicated configurations. The method is based on the inference process, i.e., human experts will analyze the distribution pattern of the current amplitude and phase angle. In locating fault sections, higher precision than ordinary three-layer neural network or the expert system of previous development can be obtained. The proposed neural network comprises three sets of three-layer neural networks which follow the back-propagation learning procedure. The 1st and 2nd neural networks calculate the candidate-1 and candidate-2 for the fault section using current amplitude and phase angle distribution patterns, respectively. The 3rd neural network then performs final fault location using these candidates and a current amplitude distribution pattern. The results evaluated with all possible fault causes indicate that the new method is precise to as high as 98.4 percent even when the measured values differ by 30 percent from predicted ones with EMTP.