小麦品种中梁88375抗条锈病基因的分子作图

【目的】中梁88375是甘肃省天水市农业科学研究所以中4/S394//咸农4号复合杂交选育而成的冬小麦品系,对小麦三锈免疫。明确其抗条锈病基因及遗传特点,建立与其连锁的微卫星标记,以利于抗源筛选和培育持久抗病新品种。【方法】将中梁88375与感病品种铭贤169杂交、自交和测交并对双亲及其杂交后代进行苗期抗性鉴定。用小麦条锈菌条中31号对其进行遗传分析;采用SSR技术,选用普通小麦的320对微卫星引物对中梁88375及铭贤169的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增和电泳分析。【结果】中梁88375对多个条锈菌小种具有良好的抗病性,对CY31的抗病性由1对显性核基因控制,把该基因暂命名为Yr88375。建立了与Yr88375连锁的6个微卫星标记Xgwm335、Xwmc289、Xwmc810、Xgdm116、Xbarc59与 Xwmc783,并将Yr88375定位于小麦5BL。距离Yr88375 最近的两个微卫星位点是Xgdm116、Xwmc810,遗传距离分别是3.1 cM和3.9 cM,最远的标记Xwmc783与Yr88375之间的遗传距离为13.5 cM。【结论】系谱分析结合分子标记结果表明,Yr88375很有可能是一个来自中间偃麦草(E.intermedium)并与已知抗条锈病基因不同的新基因。     

小麦品种中梁16的抗条锈性研究

小麦条锈病是小麦生产上最严重的世界性病害之一。小麦品种中梁16具有抗逆性强、高产、抗条锈性强等优良特性。为明确其抗条锈性遗传规律,利用条锈菌小种CYR30对中梁16与感病品种铭贤169及其杂交后代进行苗期抗条锈性遗传分析。结果表明,中梁16对CYR30小种具有良好的抗性,由1对显性基因控制,暂命名为Yr Zhong16。通过分子标记分析,获得了与Yr Zhong16连锁的4个SSR标记Xwmc696、Xgwm644、Xbarc95和Xgwm131。其中与Yr Zhong16最近的侧翼位点为Xgwm644和Xbarc95,其遗传距离分别是2.3和3.5 c M。根据SSR标记的定位结果,将Yr Zhong16定位在小麦染色体7BL上。这些与Yr Zhong16连锁的分子标记为利用中梁16抗条锈病基因进行抗病基因聚合和分子标记辅助育种奠定了基础。     

DNA分子标记在小麦抗条锈病基因研究中的应用概述

DNA分子标记直接反映生物在DNA水平上的遗传多态性,是抗病基因研究中最准确、有效的方法。文中概述了DNA分子标记技术的主要原理、方法、特点以及在小麦抗条锈病基因研究中的应用,对小麦抗条锈病基因研究中存在的问题进行了分析探讨,并对抗条锈病基因研究进行展望。     

小麦抗白粉病和条锈病基因的分子标记辅助鉴定

【目的】选育小麦新种质N95175和新品种远丰175,并检测其是否含有来源于小麦-簇毛麦易位系92R149的抗白粉病基因或抗条锈病基因。【方法】利用92R149/咸87(30)//小偃6号杂交组合选育N95175和远丰175,并以N95175、远丰175及其亲本92R149、咸87(30)和小偃6号为材料,利用与抗白粉病基因Pm21共分离的SCAR标记及与抗条锈病基因Yr26紧密连锁的SSR标记Xgwm11和Xgwm18,对N95175和远丰175所携带的抗病基因进行分子标记辅助鉴定。【结果】从N95175中扩增出与92R149相同的SCAR标记特异条带,而在2个感病亲本咸87(30)、小偃6号和远丰175中没有扩增出该条带。N95175和远丰175的扩增产物与抗条锈病亲本92R149相同,与2个感病亲本不同。【结论】导入N95175的抗白粉病基因为Pm21,导入N95175和远丰175中的抗条锈病基因为Yr26。     

新疆主要小麦品种(系)中抗条锈病基因的分子检测

【目的】选用抗条锈病基因Yr10和1BL/1RS易位的分子标记,明确抗条锈病基因Yr10和1BL/1RS易位在新疆小麦品种(系)中的分布,为新疆小麦抗条锈病品种的合理布局及抗性材料的选育提供理论依据。【方法】利用Yr10及1BL/1RS易位的分子标记,检测其在新疆麦区46份小麦材料中的分布。【结果】在46份供试材料中,新冬17号检测到Yr10基因的存在;新冬24号、新冬46号、MJ307、HMJ555、1112、新紫1号、983-S、新麦211和新麦23检测到1BL/1RS易位,占全部材料的19.57%。【结论】对当前小麦条锈病流行小种条中32号具有较好抗性的Yr10基因,在新疆麦区小麦主栽品种(系)中分布率很低,可能含有Yr10基因的新冬17号在选育抗病材料中具有一定价值,育种中应加强基因Yr10的利用;在选育新品种时需减少1BL/1RS易位的分布频率。     

小麦抗条锈病基因Yr9分子标记检测

小麦条锈病是严重影响小麦生产的重要病害.为给新品系的抗性遗传基础鉴定及持久抗性新品种选育提供技术支撑,以22个抗性品种和4个感病品种为材料,采用 PCR方法研究了小麦条锈病的抗性基因分子标记Yr92在这些材料中的分布.结果表明:除14号材料外,均可以得到明显的100～200 bp的Yr92特异性扩增目标条带;在野生近缘材料黑麦中未能检测到Yr92,与试验预期结果不符,这暗示筛选分子标记Yr92时所用的来自黑麦含Yr9基因的DNA片段上的遗传群体与分子标记Yr9的引物结合区序列发生了变异.     

108份小麦种质抗条锈病基因的分子检测

为给培育小麦抗条锈病品种的种质选择及抗源的合理布局提供参考,选取108份对条锈病表现高抗或免疫的种质材料,用抗条锈病基因Yr10、Yr15、Yr18和Yr26的连锁分子标记进行检测.结果表明,9份材料可能含有Yr10,29份材料可能含有Yr15,25份材料可能含有Yr18,41份材料可能携带Yr26,分别占供试材料的8.3%、26.9%、23.1%和38.0%,其中有部分可能同时携带2种及以上抗条锈病基因.在供试材料中携带Yr26材料的比率较高,应加强与其他抗条锈基因的聚合,尽快将这些抗性基因应用到生产上.     

粗山羊草抗条锈病遗传分析及抗病基因SSR标记

为筛选出粗山羊草中抗小麦条锈病基因,选用38份来自不同产地的粗山羊草,鉴定抗病情况。离体叶鉴定发现9份材料对条中29和条中31免疫,5份材料高感或中感,其余材料抗病级别不一;大田混合菌株鉴定发现有19份材料全生育期免疫,与离体叶鉴定中全免疫的材料相同,其中有10份材料苗期感病但成株期抗病,其余材料抗病级别不一。粗山羊草亚种之间杂交发现结实率相差较大,结实率0-83.33%,有2个组合出现杂交不育,亚种间出现生殖隔离。从粗山羊草[Aegilops tauschii（Coss.）Schmal]Y201/Y2272杂交后代中鉴定出1个抗小麦条锈病基因,暂定名为YrY201。应用SSR分子标记和分离群体分组法（BSA）筛选到Xgwm273b、Xgwm37和Wmc14标记,与该基因之间的遗传距离分别为11.9、5.8和10.9 cM.根据连锁标记所在小麦微卫星图谱的位置,YrY201被定位在7DL染色体上。分析YrY201基因所在染色体的位置、抗病性特征,认为YrY201是一个新的显性抗小麦条锈病基因,并可用于分子标记辅助选择。     

小麦抗条锈病基因Yr5分子标记检测

为给小麦新品系的抗性遗传基础鉴定及持久抗性新品种选育提供技术支撑,以22个小麦条锈病抗性品种、2个感病品种及12个野生近缘物种为材料,采用PCR方法探讨了小麦条锈病的抗性基因分子标记Yr5-156在这些材料中的分布。结果表明,在多数抗病材料中能扩增出抗病基因Yr5分子标记特异性条带;但在2个感病材料中也扩增出来了同样的特异性条带。表明抗条锈病基因Yr5的分子标记Yr5-156不能作为分子标记辅助育种手段直接应用,需对其做进一步的验证。     

348份小麦种质中抗条锈病基因Yr5、Yr10和Yr18的分子标记检测与分布

利用共分离或紧密连锁的分子标记S1320、SC_(200)和csLV34,对收集于全国多个育种单位的348份小麦种质进行检测。结果表明: Yr5连锁标记S1320阳性的种质有122份, Yr10连锁标记SC_(200)阳性的种质有80份, Yr18连锁标记csLV34阳性的种质有7份,检出率分别为35.06%、22.99%和2.01%。分子标记阳性的种质中抗病性表现并不一致,标记阳性且表现抗病的种质分别有27份、11份和3份,这些种质主要来自陕西、北京和江苏。抗病基因聚合种质抗病性鉴定结果表明, Yr5和 Yr18聚合时对条锈病表现高抗或免疫, Yr10与 Yr5或 Yr18聚合则不能有效提高种质的条锈病抗性。此外,有10份种质虽然未检出上述3个基因,但是对条锈病表现近免疫,是抗条锈病育种的重要资源。     

源于中间偃麦草的抗条锈基因YrCH223的遗传分析及SSR定位

CH223是一个衍生于中间偃麦草的多抗性小偃麦种质系,通过感病的小麦品种与八倍体小偃麦TAI7047杂交、回交选育而成。抗性鉴定表明,CH223对我国当前小麦条锈病的流行小种CYR32,CYR33均有良好抗性。利用CH223与感病品种(系)的F2,F2∶3和BC1抗性分离群体进行抗性遗传分析,发现其条锈病抗性来自中间偃麦草,且由1对显性基因控制,暂时命名为YrCH223。用CYR32对来自台长29×CH223的221个F2植株进行接种鉴定,并构建抗、感DNA池。共筛选738对SSR引物,发现5对共显性SSR标记与抗病基因连锁,位置顺序为:Xgwm540-Xbarc1096-YrCH223-Xwmc47-Xwmc310-Xgpw7272,遗传距离分别为21.9,8.0,7.2,12.5,11.3 cM。进一步利用中国春缺体-四体和双端体材料扩增鉴定,将YrCH223定位于小麦4B染色体的长臂上(4BL)。经F2∶3群体验证,5个标记与YrCH223连锁。迄今为止,在4BL上未发现有公开报道的抗小麦条锈病基因。因此,基于抗病基因所在的染色体位置与来源,推断YrCH223是一个新的抗条锈病基因。     

Inheritance and Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Yr88375 in Chinese Wheat Line Zhongliang 88375

Stripe rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. Inheritance of stripe rust resistance and mapping of resistance gene with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to stripe rust. Zhongliang 88375, a common wheat line, is highly resistant to all three rusts of wheat in China. The gene conferring rust disease was deduced originating from Elytrigia intermedium. Genetic analysis of Zhongliang 88375 indicated that the resistance to PST race CYR31 was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as Yr88375. To molecular map Yr88375, a F2 segregating population consisting of 163 individuals was constructed on the basis of the hybridization between Zhongliang 88375 and a susceptible wheat line Mingxian 169; 320 SSR primer pairs were used for analyzing the genetic linkage relation. Six SSR markers, Xgwm335, Xwmc289, Xwmc810, Xgdm116, Xbarc59, and Xwmc783, are linked to Yr88375 as they were all located on chromosome 5BL. Yr88375 was also located on that chromosome arm, closely linked to Xgdmll6 and Xwmc810 with genetic distances of 3.1 and 3.9 cM, respectively. The furthest marker Xwmc783 was 13.5 cM to Yr88375. Hence, pedigree analysis of Zhongliang 88375 combined with SSR markers supports the conclusion that the highly resistance gene Yr88375 derived from Elytrigia intermedium is a novel gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat. It could play an important role in wheat breeding programs for stripe rust resistance.     

小麦条锈菌生理小种国际鉴别寄主Spaldings Prolific中抗条锈病基因YrSpP的微卫星标记

 Spaldings Prolific是国际小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主和国内外重要抗源。以含有小麦抗条锈病基因YrSpP的近等基因系Taichung29*6/YrSpP及其轮回亲本Taichung29为材料， 用目的基因所在2B染色体上88对微卫星引物对其基因组DNA进行PCR扩增和电泳分析，发现用WMC441引物在近等基因系与轮回亲本间稳定扩增出特异性DNA片段。经F2代群体162个抗、感单株检测证实，该片段位点与抗条锈病基因YrSpP连锁，遗传距离为10.9 cM，确定WMC441为抗条锈病基因YrSpP的标记，并可用于该基因的检测和辅助选择。     

Inheritance and Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Yr88375 in Chinese Wheat Line Zhongliang 88375

Stripe rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. Inheritance of stripe rust resistance and mapping of resistance gene with simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to stripe rust. Zhongliang 88375, a common wheat line, is highly resistant to all three rusts of wheat in China. The gene conferring rust disease was deduced originating from Elytrigia intermedium. Genetic analysis of Zhongliang 88375 indicated that the resistance to PST race CYR31 was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as Yr88375. To molecular map Yr88375, a F2 segregating population consisting of 163 individuals was constructed on the basis of the hybridization between Zhongliang 88375 and a susceptible wheat line Mingxian 169; 320 SSR primer pairs were used for analyzing the genetic linkage relation. Six SSR markers, Xgwm335, Xwmc289, Xwmc810, Xgdmll6, Xbarc59, and Xwmc783, are linked to Yr88375 as they were all located on chromosome 5BL Yr88375 was also located on that chromosome arm, closely linked to Xgdmll6 and Xwmc810 with genetic distances of 3.1 and 3.9 cM, respectively. The furthest marker Xwmc783 was 13.5 cM to Yr88375. Hence, pedigree analysis of Zhongliang 88375 combined with SSR markers supports the conclusion that the highly resistance gene Yr88375 derived from Elytrigia intermedium is a novel gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat. It could play an important role in wheat breeding programs for stripe rust resistance.     

小麦品种云麦52白粉病和条锈病抗性基因检测

云麦52系1992年用6AL/6VS易位系92R149作抗病亲本,2007年审定并推广应用的小麦品种,目前仍高抗条锈病、对白粉病表现免疫.为了解其抗病基因,以云麦52为父本与感条锈病和白粉病的小麦不育系K78S杂交构建了F2群体,对双亲、杂种F1和F2群体的抗性鉴定结果表明,杂种F1对条锈病和白粉病均表现免疫,F2群体的白粉病和条锈病抗、感分离比经卡方测验均符合3∶1,表明云麦52携带1个条锈病显性抗性基因和1个白粉病显性抗性基因.进一步用白粉病抗性基因Pm21的共分离标记SCAR1400和与条锈病抗病基因Yr26紧密连锁的标记XWe173和Xbarc181检测,亲本间和抗、感基因池间在相同位点上都扩增出多态性条带,用已知表型单株验证,表型与基因型极显著相关,SCAR1400、XWe173和Xbarc 181检测准确率分别为100％、97.91％和92.70％,因此,云麦52的抗白粉病基因为Pm21,抗条锈病基因为Yr26,均来自于6AL/6VS易位系92R149.此外,该研究结果也证明Pm21和Yr26是具有持久抗性的抗病基因.     

小麦新种质YW243抗条锈病新基因的AFLP标记

小麦新种质YW243抗条锈病新基因对条锈菌具有较宽抗谱,对26个不同毒性谱的条锈菌 菌系免疫到近免疫,与已知基因系抗病谱不同,可能为新的基因或基因组合。遗传分析表明,YW243 对条锈菌条中31号小种的抗性由显性单基因YrX控制。通过BSA法对1056对MseI/EcoRI AFLP引 物进行筛选,结果表明7对引物可扩增出多态性片段,通过对F2群体单株遗传连锁分析和作图软件 分析,结果表明,2个AFLP标记M54E63-700、M54E64-699与YrX连锁较紧密、遗传距离为9．27 cM,为该基因的精细作图和分子标记辅助育种打下了一定基础。     

品种混种对小麦条锈病的防控效果

在甘肃甘谷对供试小麦条锈菌生理小种不同抗性水平的3个当地主栽小麦品种进行了不同比例混合种植,结果表明,除感病品种兰天6号与抗病品种天选46以等比例混种处理外,其余各处理的相对防效均在60%以上,尤其是感抗比例在1∶3、1∶5混种组合下的相对防效达到80%以上。     

19个小麦品种(系)对小麦条锈病的抗性评价

对19个小麦品种(系)在自然发病情况下进行了抗条锈性评价,结果表明,对小麦条锈病表现为抗病及以上水平的品种(系)有9954-1、102-1、9744-4、D55、7230、A3,其中9954-1、D55、A3、7230产量较高。在评价结果为感病的品种(系)中,8899、99B8、92362产量较高,具有一定的耐病性。     

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of an All-Stage Stripe Rust Resistance Gene in Triticum aestivum-Haynaldia villosa Translocation Line V3

Triticum aestivum-Hayaldia villosa translocation line V3 has shown effective all-stage resistance to the seven dominant pathotypes of Puccinia striiforms f.sp.tritici prevalent in China.To elucidate the genetic basis of the resistance,the segregating populations were developed from the cross between V3 and susceptible genotype Mingxian 169,seedlings of the parents and F 2 progeny were tested with six prevalent pathotypes,including CYR29,CYR31,CYR32-6,CYR33,Sun11-4,and Sun11-11,F 1 plants and F 3 lines were also inoculated with Sun11-11 to confirm the result further.The genetic studied results showed that the resistance of V3 against CYR29 was conferred by two dominant genes,independently,one dominant gene and one recessive gene conferring independently or a single dominant gene to confer resistance to CYR31,two complementary dominant genes conferring resistance to both CYR32-6 and Sun11-4,two independently dominant genes or three dominant genes（two of the genes show cumulative effect） conferring resistance to CYR33,a single dominant gene for resistance to Sun11-11.Resistance gene analog polymorphism（RGAP） and simple-sequence repeat（SSR） techniques were used to identify molecular markers linked to the single dominant gene（temporarily designated as YrV3） for resistance to Sun11-11.A linkage map of 2 RGAP and 7 SSR markers was constructed for the dominant gene using data from 221 F 2 plants and their derived F 2：3 lines tested with Sun11-11 in the greenhouse.Amplification of the complete set of nulli-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring with a RGAP marker RG1 mapped the gene on the chromosome 1B,and then the linked 7 SSR markers located this gene on the long arm of chromosome 1B.The linkage map spanned a genetic distance of 25.0 cM,the SSR markers Xgwm124 and Xcfa2147 closely linked to YrV3 with genetic distances of 3.0 and 3.8 cM,respectively.Based on the linkage map,it concluded that the resistance gene YrV3 was located on chromosome arm 1BL.Given chromosomal location,the reaction patterns and pedigree analysis,YrV3 should be a novel gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat.These closely linked markers should be useful in stacking genes from different sources for wheat breeding and diversification of resistance genes against stripe rust.