高炉铸铁冷却壁结构优化

采用正交试验和数值模拟方法对高炉炉身下部冷却壁主要结构参数进行优化,对优化前后的冷却壁温度场进行计算。结果表明,冷却壁热面最高温度的影响因素中影响程度从大到小依次为:水管直径、水管间距、水管中心线距冷却壁热面距离、壁体厚度,其中水管直径、水管间距和水管中心线距冷却壁热面距离为显著因素;最优冷却壁结构参数组合为:水管直径60mm、水管间距180mm、水管中心线距冷却壁热面距离120mm、壁体厚度220mm,优化后的冷却壁较优化前的冷却壁冷却性能有较大幅度的改善。     

基于灰色关联度的高炉冷却壁整体优化

基于灰色关联度分析方法,研究了高炉冷却壁冷却水管半径、冷却水管间距、水管距热面距离 、冷却壁壁体厚度等对冷却壁热面最高温度和热应力的影响。综合冷却壁结构优化分析,得到冷却壁最优结构尺寸组合是：水管半径20mm、水管间距为220mm,水管距热面距离为90mm和冷却壁壁体厚度125mm。     

影响高炉炉墙热负荷的因素分析

应用传热学原理建立了高炉炉墙温度场数学模型,应用数值模拟方法分析了冷却水管直径和间距、冷却水管至冷却壁热面的距离,镶砖导热系数、镶砖厚度和面积,炉衬厚度,渣铁凝固层厚度及对流换热系数对炉墙热负荷的影响. 结果认为, 降低炉墙热阻是增大炉墙热负荷的重要途径.     

冷却结构对连铸结晶器铜板热变形的影响

建立了板坯连铸结晶器三维有限元热弹塑性结构模型,计算了铜板变形及结晶器冷却结构对其影响规律.冷却结构和热力载荷决定了铜板热面变形行为,铜板变形量取决于冷却结构几何参数,并在铜镍分界处有较小变形突变;宽面热面中心线最大变形出现在弯月面下100mm处,窄面最大变形出现在弯月面和冷却水槽末端,且铜镍分界两侧变形曲线有明显的曲率波动;铜板加厚5 mm,最大中心线变形可增加0.05 mm,镍层对中心线变形影响不明显,1 mm的厚度变化仅在窄面引起最大0.01 mm的下降,冷却水槽对中心线变形影响也较小,水槽加深2 mm,最大中心线变形减少0.02 mm.     

高炉铜冷却壁水管热应力分析

针对高炉内普遍出现的铜冷却壁水管断裂问题,以热结构耦合分析为手段,研究了铜冷却壁水管所受约束对其热应力分布的影响。通过建立铜冷却壁热应力数学模型,对比分析了铜冷却壁水管受不同约束作用下的热变形行为及热应力变化。计算结果表明,铜冷却壁水管末端为自由或受固定约束时,水管根部相对于其他位置产生较大热应力。但水管末端为自由时,水管根部等效应力仅45 MPa,低于纯铜的屈服强度;水管末端受到固定约束时,水管根部等效应力达到272 MPa,超过纯铜的屈服强度。水管之间应采用柔性连接。水管受到炉壳开孔约束时,其最大等效应力为600 MPa,远超过纯铜材料的屈服强度。铜冷却壁极限工作温度下水管末端产生最大位移,约为1.73 mm,考虑到安装误差等因素的影响,炉壳开孔直径应为120 mm。     

基于热-流体耦合理论对还原炉冷却模块温度场的研究

基于热-流体耦合理论, 采用流体分析软件STAR-CD对还原炉冷却模块进行了流场与温度场耦合数值分析,讨论了水垢厚度、水流速度、水管直径、水温及水管间距对温度场的影响.该模型不仅可以用于冷却模块的设计和耐火材料的选取,还可以用于分析判断冷却模块的损坏程度.     

转炉汽雾冷却喷嘴限制射流强化换热特性

构建专用试验设备,测定了转炉炉体汽雾冷却喷嘴在工作状态下的对流换热系数,得到适用于该型喷嘴在转炉炉体汽雾冷却条件下换热系数的经验公式.综合考虑雾化水射流流场特性、壁面热状态和几何条件等因素,研究了炉体汽雾冷却换热特性及其换热机制.结果表明:雾化水射流的冷却效能取决于能否在热壁表面形成连续的液膜,在工程实际中可通过调整多喷嘴配置来实现炉壳表面连续而基本均匀的液膜,以提高冷却功效;在炉体雾化水射流强化换热过程中,存在最佳射流中心面与热壁间距,在此距离附近的整体传热强化效果最佳;对于现有汽雾冷却系统,当炉壳与托圈内壁间隙为140 mm(即射流中心面与热壁距离为83.5 mm)时,其整体传热强化能力最强.     

基于正交试验六韧带手性结构展收几何参数优化

针对目前手性结构采用的传统材料并不具备大变形后自恢复的能力,提出一种在面内具备展收特性的金属材料用于六韧带手性结构.利用有限元分析了节环间距、节环直径、节环高度以及韧带厚度等4个因素对六韧带手性结构收拢和展开后的最大应力的影响.以展开后的最大应力为指标,通过正交试验,分析得到了各个因素的影响程度由主到次依次为节环间距、韧带厚度、节环高度和节环直径,并通过极差分析和方差分析选出了一组最优参数,即节环间距70 mm、韧带厚度0.06 mm、节环高度8 mm、节环直径22 mm,并且通过试验验证了仿真模型的可靠性及本手性结构具备大变形后自恢复的能力.     

板翅式换热器锯齿型翅片参数的遗传算法优化研究

针对目前锯齿型板翅式换热器未能同时优化多参数,或者大多优化研究存在对经验关联式依赖的问题,提出了利用Kriging响应面来近似目标函数与设计变量之间的关系、应用遗传算法对锯齿型板翅式换热器翅片结构参数的优化方法。在维持翅片通道雷诺数为800时,把换热器的最大j因子、最小f因子和最大F_(TEF)因子作为3个单目标函数,对翅片的翅片高度h、翅片间距s、翅片厚度t和翅片节距l进行了优化研究。研究结果表明:翅片高度h与翅片间距s对换热器综合性能F_(TEF)因子呈正增长,而翅片厚度t和翅片节距l呈负增长;在翅片高度为9.5mm、翅片间距为2.2mm、翅片厚度为0.1mm和翅片节距为3mm时,换热器性能最佳;结合Kriging响应面的遗传算法克服了传统优化方法对经验关联式的依赖。该研究结果可以指导锯齿型板翅式换热器的优化设计。     

基于响应面法炉腹异型管铜冷却壁的长寿技术优化

基于传热学理论,对近年来出现的高炉炉腹区异型管(椭圆型、矩型、双圆型、三圆型及正六边型)铜冷却壁传热模型进行参数化建模,基于冷却壁传热特性对冷却水管进行管型最优选择;模拟正常工况对开炉初期冷却壁镶砖热面未覆盖渣皮的传热模型进行热-结构耦合分析,利用响应面法得到各参数对铜冷却壁力学特性的相互影响规律.将响应面法与NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法相结合对炉腹结构参数及长寿技术进行优化,优化后的炉腹结构在传热特性和力学性能方面均得到明显改善,结果证明所建模型和参数化计算程序可用作炉腹结构长寿技术的优化设计和评估.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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