溴掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的制备与性能研究

以KBr和Ti(SO4)2为原料,通过水热法制备了高催化活性的溴掺杂纳米TiO2(Br-TiO2)光催化剂,利用XRD、XPS、TEM、BET和UV-Vis DRS等测试手段对其进行了表征。通过苯酚降解实验评价了Br-TiO2的光催化活性。结果表明,700℃焙烧、溴与钛的摩尔比为0.35∶1时,Br-TiO2具有最佳光催化活性。该催化剂为晶体发育完整的锐钛矿相TiO2,粒径平均大小为50 nm,比表面积为16.81 m2/g,在紫外区的吸收得到加强,光催化能力优于Degussa P-25。确定了降解苯酚的最佳条件:催化剂投加量为0.5 g/L,苯酚初始浓度为10 mg/L,pH值为6.0。     

SO_4~（2-）/TiO_2光催化降解苯酚

以工业硫酸氧钛为原料水解制得SO42-/TiO2光催化剂,并以苯酚为目标降解物,考察了SO24-/TiO2的光催化性能。结果表明：随着SO42-/TiO2制备过程中焙烧温度的升高,其光催化活性逐渐增加,650℃焙烧获得的SO24-/TiO2的光催化活性最好,此后再升高温度会因催化剂中硫的挥发而下降;在确定苯酚原液初始浓度为50 mg/L条件下,SO42-/TiO2的光催化降解苯酚的最佳工艺条件为反应时间2 h、苯酚pH为7、催化剂用量1 g/L。XRD、SEM和FTIR的分析结果显示实验温度下制得的SO42-/TiO2均为锐钛型TiO2;其间掺杂的SO24-在TiO2表面分散性较好,没有聚集成大的颗粒;红外分析的结果初步判定低温（〈550℃）焙烧制得的催化剂SO42-在TiO2表面是螯合双配位吸附,高温焙烧时（〉550℃）SO42-在TiO2表面是桥式配位吸附。     

Pd/N共掺杂TiO_2的制备及其光催化降解苯酚的研究

将纳米管钛酸浸入含尿素和金属(Pd)硝酸盐的乙醇溶液中,乙醇超声挥发后所得样品先在空气气氛、600℃下煅烧,再在H2气氛、400℃下热还原制备得到Pd/N共掺杂TiO2光催化剂(Pd/N-TiO2)。利用光电子能谱(XPS)仪研究了催化剂表面N、Pd元素的化学态。结果表明,N元素以Ti—O—N形式存在,Pd元素以单质金属状态存在。考察了Pd/N-TiO2的紫外光光催化降解苯酚的活性,与单纯TiO2光催化剂和N掺杂TiO2光催化剂相比,Pd/N-TiO2活性明显提高。研究了催化剂用量、苯酚初始浓度和pH、O2流量以及外加双氧水等条件对紫外光光催化降解苯酚的活性的影响,得到光催化降解苯酚的最佳工艺条件:苯酚初始质量浓度为120mg/L,催化剂用量为0.10g/L,苯酚溶液初始pH为8,O2流量为80mL/min,加入适量双氧水。     

SO2-4/TiO2光催化降解苯酚

以工业硫酸氧钛为原料水解制得SO42-/TiO2光催化剂,并以苯酚为目标降解物,考察了SO24-/TiO2的光催化性能。结果表明:随着SO42-/TiO2制备过程中焙烧温度的升高,其光催化活性逐渐增加,650℃焙烧获得的SO24-/TiO2的光催化活性最好,此后再升高温度会因催化剂中硫的挥发而下降;在确定苯酚原液初始浓度为50 mg/L条件下,SO42-/TiO2的光催化降解苯酚的最佳工艺条件为反应时间2 h、苯酚pH为7、催化剂用量1 g/L。XRD、SEM和FTIR的分析结果显示实验温度下制得的SO42-/TiO2均为锐钛型TiO2;其间掺杂的SO24-在TiO2表面分散性较好,没有聚集成大的颗粒;红外分析的结果初步判定低温(<550℃)焙烧制得的催化剂SO42-在TiO2表面是螯合双配位吸附,高温焙烧时(>550℃)SO42-在TiO2表面是桥式配位吸附。     

微乳液法合成掺硫纳米TiO_2及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,硫脲为掺硫前驱物,采用聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚（Triton X-100）/正己醇/环己烷/氨水的微乳液体系合成了掺硫的纳米TiO2粉体;对其结构进行了表征,以甲基橙为目标降解物考察了其光催化性能。烧结温度通过影响TiO2的晶型转变和颗粒尺寸来影响其光催化性能,随着烧结温度的升高,TiO2的光催化性能先是提高,然后迅速降低;在600℃烧结2 h时催化剂的降解性能达到最佳。掺杂硫可提高TiO2的光催化活性,随着掺杂量的增加,催化剂对甲基橙的降解率先快速增加然后缓慢降低,当掺杂量为S/Ti（摩尔比）=0.01∶1时TiO2的光催化降解效果最好。催化剂在用量较小时迅速提高TiO2的光催化降解性能,而后随着用量的增大反而降低,当催化剂用量为1.5 g/L时,对甲基橙的降解效果最好。     

微波辅助光催化降解高浓度活性黑

利用改装的家用微波炉、微波无极灯和TiO2催化剂研究了水中高浓度活性黑的光催化降解.系统考察了TiO2投加量、pH、微波无极灯数量对微波辅助光催化处理效果的影响,得出微波辅助光催化的最佳操作条件,并在最佳条件下对活性黑的脱色及矿化效果进行研究.结果表明,TiO2投加量存在最佳值2 g/L,降低pH和增加微波无极灯数量均可提高活性黑的降解率.在TiO2的投加量为2 g/L,pH =3,微波无极灯数量为3的最佳光催化条件下,400 mg/L的活性黑溶液反应180 min时可实现完全脱色,反应300 min时,TOC去除率高达89.1％.     

固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-SnO2／Ce4+ 光催化降解含酚废水

采用共沉淀-浸渍法制备了固体超强酸SO24-/TiO2-SnO2/Ce4+,并用XRD、SEM等方法对其结构进行了表征。以苯酚的光催化降解为反应模型,确定了最佳的工艺条件和催化剂再生方法。结果表明:在pH值为6,苯酚初始浓度为50mg/L,催化剂投加量4 g/L,光照距离12 cm,光照时间为150 min,降解率达67.73%,添加助催化剂H2O2后,反应60 min,苯酚降解率达到86.33%,催化剂的最佳再生方法是先用1 mol/L的硫酸浸渍24 h后,在450℃下焙烧6 h。     

固体超强酸SO24-/TiO2-SnO2/Ce4+光催化降解含酚废水

采用共沉淀-浸渍法制备了固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-SnO2/Ce4+,并用XRD、SEM等方法对其结构进行了表征.以苯酚的光催化降解为反应模型,确定了最佳的工艺条件和催化剂再生方法.结果表明:在pH值为6,苯酚初始浓度为50mg/L,催化剂投加量4 g/L,光照距离12 cm,光照时间为150 min,降解率达67.73％,添加助催化剂H2O2后,反应60 min,苯酚降解率达到86.33％,催化剂的最佳再生方法是先用1 mol/L的硫酸浸渍24 h后,在450℃下焙烧6h.     

TiO_2/AC复合催化剂的制备及其对六氯苯的光催化降解性能研究

以颗粒活性炭（AC）和钛酸丁酯为原料,采用微波辐射法制备TiO2/AC复合光催化剂,并对制备的催化剂进行了表征;采用该催化剂对六氯苯进行光催化降解,确定了六氯苯降解的最佳工艺条件,并就几种外加试剂对TiO2/AC光催化降解六氯苯的强化作用进行了探讨。结果表明,制备的催化剂中TiO2均匀分布在活性炭表面、呈单一的锐钛矿晶型,晶粒生长完善。该催化剂催化降解六氯苯的最佳工艺条件为：pH值为5、TiO2负载量为18.2%、TiO2/AC投加量为0.4 g/L、反应时间为60 min。在此条件下,六氯苯降解效率达90.3%。添加适量的H2O2、AgNO3、K2S2O8、KIO4和KMnO4均能提高TiO2/活性炭对六氯苯的光催化降解效率。5种外加试剂的适宜添加量分别为0.3%、1.0、1.0、0.1和0.1 mmol/L,对TiO2/AC光催化效率的强化作用大小顺序为：H2O2〉AgNO3〉K2S2O8〉KMnO4〉KIO4。     

纳米TiO_2/EP光催化降解罗丹明B废水的研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出可漂浮于水面的膨胀珍珠岩（EP）负载型TiO2,研究其在水中对罗丹明B（RB）的去除效果、吸附降解动力学以及最佳工艺条件,并研究其多次回收再生后的降解效果。结果表明,浸渍3次的负载型TiO2光催化活性最高,回收5次后活性变化很小,降解率下降不到8%;光催化剂用量为0.2 g,20 mL初始浓度为10 mg/L和15mg/L RB溶液光照6 h后降解率分别达98%和74%。在实验浓度范围内,该光催化反应可用一级反应动力学方程描述。     

Photocatalytic degradation of AZO dyes by supported TiO2 + UV in aqueous solution

The photocatalytic degradation performance of photocatalysts TiO2 supported on 13-X, Na-Y, 4A zeolites with different loading content was evaluated using the photocatalytic oxidation of dyes direct fast scarlet 4BS and acid red 3B in aqueous medium. The results showed that the best reaction dosage of TiO2-zeolite catalysts is about 2 g/l and the photocatalytic kinetics follows first order for all supported catalysts. The photocatalytic activity order of the three series catalysts is 13X type >Y type >4A type. The physical state of titanium dioxide on the supports is evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET, and FTIR.     

氮掺杂TiO_2可见光光催化剂的制备及性能

以尿素和钛酸丁酯为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法低温下制备了高可见光催化活性的氮掺杂TiO2（NDT）光催化剂,采用XRD、TEM、BET和UV-Vis DRS等测试手段对其进行了表征,并在自制光催化反应器中降解甲基橙评价了样品的光催化活性。结果表明,当氮与钛的摩尔比为0.5∶1时,350℃焙烧的样品（NDT350）具有最佳的可见光光谱吸收和光催化活性,该催化剂为锐钛矿晶相,平均粒径为21 nm,比表面积为89.13 m2/g。可见光辐照下,NDT350降解甲基橙的表观反应速率常数为1.381×10-2min-1,是商业P25催化剂的16.85倍。NDT350优良的可见光催化活性与其大的比表面积和强烈的可见光光谱吸收有关。     

固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-SnO2／Ce^4＋光催化降解含酚废水

采用共沉淀-浸渍法制备了固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-SnO2／Ce^4＋,并用XRD、SEM等方法对其结构进行了表征。以苯酚的光催化降解为反应模型,确定了最佳的工艺条件和催化剂再生方法。结果表明：在pH值为6,苯酚初始浓度为50mg／L,催化剂投加量4g／L,光照距离12cm,光照时间为150min,降解率达67．73％,添加助催化剂H2O2后,反应60min,苯酚降解率达到86．33％,催化剂的最佳再生方法是先用1mol／L的硫酸浸渍24h后,在450℃下焙烧6h。     

Titania-supported silver-based bimetallic nanoparticles as photocatalysts

Photocatalytic process has shown recently a great potential as an environmental friendly and clean remediation technology for organic pollutants in wastewater. This work described the synthesis of silver-based bimetallic nanoparticles using colloid chemistry and the subsequent immobilization onto titania to form composite photocatalytic materials (titania-supported Ag–Pt nanoparticles). The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and nitrogen physisorption. The catalytic activity of the photocatalysts was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) in synthetic wastewater solutions. The photocatalytic processes were conducted in a batch photoreactor containing appropriate solutions of phenol and 2-CP with UV irradiation of 450 W. UV-visible spectrophotometer was used for analyzing the concentration of phenol and 2-CP in solutions. Parameters affecting the photocatalytic process such as the solution pH, phenol and 2-CP concentrations, and catalyst concentration were investigated. The results obtained revealed that TiO₂-supported Ag/Pt nanoparticles showed a higher activity for UV-photocatalytic degradation of both phenol and 2-CP pollutants in the solution (as compared to the plain rutile TiO₂). The photodegradation processes were optimized by the 0.5-g/L catalyst with a pollutant concentration of 50 mg/L for all the samples. Complete degradation for both phenol and 2-CP was achieved after 120 min.     

Performance of photocatalytic reactors using immobilized TiO2 film for the degradation of phenol and methylene blue dye present in water stream

TiO2 thin film photocatalyst was successfully synthesized and immobilized on glass reactor tube using sol-gel method. The synthesized TiO2 coating was transparent, which enabled the penetration of ultra-violet (UV) light to the catalyst surface. Two photocatalytic reactors with different operating modes were tested: (a) tubular photocatalytic reactor with re-circulation mode and (b) batch photocatalytic reactor. A new proposed TiO2 synthesized film formulation of 1 titanium isopropoxide: 8 isopropanol: 3 acetyl acetone: 1.1 H2O: 0.05 acetic acid (in molar ratio) gave excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of phenol and methylene blue dye present in the water. The half-life time, t1/2 of photocatalytic degradation of phenol was 56 min at the initial phenol concentration of 1000 microM in the batch reactor. In the tubular photocatalytic reactor, 5 re-circulation passes with residence time of 2.2 min (single pass) degraded 50% of 40-microM methylene blue dye. Initial phenol concentration, presence of hydrogen peroxide, presence of air bubbling and stirring speed as the process variables were studied in the batch reactor. Initial methylene blue concentration, pH value, light intensity and reaction temperature were studied as the process variables in the tubular reactor. The synthesized TiO2 thin film was characterized using SEM, XRD and EDX analysis. A comparative performance between the synthesized TiO2 thin film and commercial TiO2 particles (99% anatase) was evaluated under the same experimental conditions. The TiO2 film was equally active as the TiO2 powder catalyst.     

负载TiO2/Fe3+的玻璃纤维反应器光催化苯酚

以玻璃纤维为载体,将TiO2负载到其表面形成了空间玻璃纤维反应器,引入Fe3+作为掺杂改性离子,形成了负载TiO2/Fe3+的空间玻璃纤维光催化反应器,并以高压汞灯为光源进行了光催化降解水中苯酚的实验研究,考察了影响苯酚光催化降解的因素,确定了在UV365～250 W光源照射下,pH为3～5,O2通入量1.0 L/(min.L),反应器内上升流速为0.7 m/min等实验条件下,初始浓度为30 mg/L的苯酚废水经120 min光催化反应后,降解率可达到85%,矿化率可达80%。     

负载TiO2/Fe^3＋的玻璃纤维反应器光催化苯酚

以玻璃纤维为载体,将TiO2负载到其表面形成了空间玻璃纤维反应器,引入Fe3＋作为掺杂改性离子,形成了负载TiO2/Fe^3＋的空间玻璃纤维光催化反应器,并以高压汞灯为光源进行了光催化降解水中苯酚的实验研究,考察了影响苯酚光催化降解的因素,确定了在UV365-250 W光源照射下,pH为3-5,O2通入量1.0 L/（min.L）,反应器内上升流速为0.7 m/min等实验条件下,初始浓度为30 mg/L的苯酚废水经120 min光催化反应后,降解率可达到85%,矿化率可达80%。     

石英棒负载TiO2光催化膜的制备、表征与降解性能

利用浸涂法在石英光导棒上制得了TiO2光催化膜.用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对膜的形貌和晶相组成进行了表征,以苯酚为模型污染物考察了膜的活性.结果表明,所制得的TiO2膜催化剂主要由锐钛矿和金红石2种晶相组成;光催化降解苯酚的效果明显优于直接光解;当苯酚初始浓度为0.98 mg/L时,反应2.5 h后的降解率为86%.