不平衡数据集文本多分类深度学习算法

针对文本多分类算法中,由于不平衡数据集产生的小样本分类数据准确率低问题,提出基于轮廓系数动态K-means聚类的文本多分类混合式均分聚类采样算法.在不平衡数据集中针对小样本数据集利用聚类簇进行等比例过采样,针对大样本数据集利用聚类簇进行欠采样.基于微博灾害数据集,设计文本卷积神经网络,对该算法进行实验验证与分析,实验结果表明,该算法能够有效提升文本不平衡数据集的准确率和F1值,较好解决了不平衡文本数据集分类问题.     

多层次过采样集成的不平衡数据缺陷预测模型

针对软件缺陷预测中不平衡数据的分类问题，提出了一种基于过采样和集成学习的类不平衡软件缺陷预测模型XG-AJCC(AJCC-Ram+XGBoost).在预处理阶段，提出了AJCC-Ram(Adaptive Judgment Cure Clustering Random Sampling)多层次过采样方法.该方法基于改进的ADASYN自适应过采样和CURE-SMOTE过采样分别在类边缘和类中心层面生成新样本，通过CLNI方法对样本生成后的数据集进行噪声过滤及清理.在模型构建阶段，与集成算法XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting)相结合形成最终的不平衡数据缺陷预测模型.本文在AEEEM数据集和NASA数据集中进行了验证，实验结果表明：较于经典的采样方法和采样集成预测模型，在F1指标上AJCC-Ram过采样方法及XG-AJCC采样集成算法模型均能够取得有效的预测结果.     

一种基于距离和采样机制的数据流分类方法*

数据流分类在传感器网络、网络监控等实际领域有着广泛地应用。然而,实际数据流中类分布不平衡和类标签大量缺失的问题严重加剧了数据流分类问题求解的难度。因此,针对数据流中类分布不平衡和类标签大量缺失的问题,提出了一种基于距离和采样机制的集成分类方法。该方法首先计算无标签数据与有标签正负类数据块的中心点距离来标记正负类示例,其次通过正类样本的上采样和负类样本的下采样机制重组数据流块以平衡数据块的类分布,并在其上构建集成分类模型。在模拟的具有类分布不平衡的不完全标记数据流上的实验表明：与经典的同类算法相比,所提方法能够在降低不平衡类分布影响的前提下,提高不完全标记数据流的分类精度。     

基于集成混合采样的软件缺陷预测研究

对软件缺陷预测的不平衡问题进行了研究,提出了一种处理不平衡数据的采样方法,用来解决分类器因为样本集中的样本类别不平衡而造成分类器性能下降的问题。为了避免随机采样的盲目性,利用启发性的混合采样方法来平衡数据,针对少数类采用SMOTE过采样,对多数类采用K-Means聚类降采样,然后综合利用多个单分类器来进行投票集成预测分类。实验结果表明,混合采样与集成学习相结合的软件缺陷预测方法具有较好的分类效果,在获得较高的查全率的同时还能显著降低误报率。     

一种用于非平衡数据分类的集成学习模型

针对非平衡数据分类问题,提出了一种改进的SVM-KNN分类算法,在此基础上设计了一种集成学习模型.该模型采用限数采样方法对多数类样本进行分割,将分割后的多数类子簇与少数类样本重新组合,利用改进的SVM-KNN分别训练,得到多个基本分类器,对各个基本分类器进行组合.采用该模型对UCI数据集进行实验,结果显示该模型对于非平衡数据分类有较好的效果.     

多类不平衡数据分类方法综述

现实中许多领域产生的数据通常具有多个类别并且是不平衡的。在多类不平衡分类中,类重叠、噪声和多个少数类等问题降低了分类器的能力,而有效解决多类不平衡问题已经成为机器学习与数据挖掘领域中重要的研究课题。根据近年来的多类不平衡分类方法的文献,从数据预处理和算法级分类方法两方面进行了分析与总结,并从优缺点和数据集等方面对所有算法进行了详细的分析。在数据预处理方法中,介绍了过采样、欠采样、混合采样和特征选择方法,对使用相同数据集算法的性能进行了比较。从基分类器优化、集成学习和多类分解技术三个方面对算法级分类方法展开介绍和分析。最后对多类不平衡数据分类研究领域的未来发展方向进行总结归纳。     

基于相关随机子空间的分类数据聚类集成

为了提升分类数据聚类集成的效果,提出了一种新的相关随机子空间聚类集成模型。该模型利用粗糙集理论将分类属性分解成相关和不相关子集,在相关属性子集上随机生成多个相关子空间并对分类数据进行聚类,通过集成多个较优且具差异性的聚类结果以获得最终的聚类划分。此外,将粗糙集约简概念应用于相关子空间属性数目的确定,有效地避免了参数对聚类结果的影响。UCI数据集实验表明,新模型的性能优于其他已有模型,说明了其有效性。     

基于DESMID-AD动态选择的类别不平衡信用评估模型

针对现实信用评估业务中样本类别不平衡和代价敏感的情况,为降低信用风险评估的误分类损失,提出一种基于DESMID-AD动态选择的信用评估集成模型,根据每一个测试样本的特点动态地选择合适的基分类器对其进行信用预测.为提高模型对信用差客户(小类)的识别能力,在基分类器训练前使用过采样的方法对训练数据作类别平衡,采用元学习的方式基于多个指标进行基分类器的性能评估并在此阶段设计权重机制增强小类的影响.在三个公开信用评估数据集上,以AUC、一型、二型错误率以及误分类代价作为评价指标,与九种信用评估常用模型做比较,证明了该方法在信用评估领域的有效性和可行性.     

一种面向不平衡数据的结构化SVM集成分类器

为改进面向不平衡数据的SVM分类器性能,以结构化SVM为基础,提出一种基于代价敏感的结构化支持向量机集成分类器模型.该模型首先通过训练样本的聚类,得到隐含在数据中的结构信息,并对样本进行初始加权.运用AdaBoost策略对各样本的权重进行动态调整,适当增大少数类样本的权重,使小类中误分的样本代价增大,以此来改进不平衡数据的分类性能.实验结果表明,该算法可有效提高不平衡数据的分类性能.     

基于深度森林和DNA甲基化的癌症分类研究

作为人类基因组重要的表观遗传现象，DNA甲基化对基因的表达发挥着重要的调控作用，与癌症的关系密切。针对癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）庞大数据的类不平衡和高维度，致使假阴率大幅增加的问题，提出了一种混合采样的不平衡数据集成分类算法，使用合成少数过采样（SMOTE）算法生成新的少数类样本，得到扩充后的数据集，通过Tomek Link算法剔除样本扩充过程中引入的噪声，得到相对平衡的数据集。在此基础上，利用深度森林（gcForest）算法的级联森林结构，每一层选取两种随机森林结构，以增强模型的泛化能力，得到最终的分类模型。对6种癌症的DNA甲基化数据实验表明混合采样的不平衡数据集成分类算法在保证多数类分类精度的前提下，有效地提高了对于少数类的灵敏度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。