心力衰竭患者生活质量的研究

目的：探讨心力衰竭（HF）对生活质量的影响。方法：以明尼苏达生活质量表对66例HF患进行生活质量调查,结果：q检验表明,心功能IV级组的生活质量计分与Ⅲ级组,Ⅰ-Ⅱ级组间差异非常显（P＜0．01）,心功能Ⅲ组与Ⅰ－Ⅱ级组间差异不显（P＞0．05）。结论：HF患心功能级别与其生活质量有明显关系,心功能越差,其生活质量越差（P＜0．01）。     

高血压病血管内皮功能的改变及苯那普利治疗的影响

目的：探讨高血压病（EH）血管内皮功能的改变及苯那普利治疗的影响，进一步揭示EH的形成与发展机制。方法：观察EH患血浆一氧化氮（NO）和血管紧张素转换酶（ACH）的水平及苯那普利干预前、后血压的变化，并与正常组作对照。结果：EH患NO较对照组显下降（P＜0．01），ACE显升高（P＜0．01），苯那普利治疗后收缩压，舒张压都显下降（P＜0．01），NO显升高（P＜0．05），ACE显下降（P＜0．05）。结论：EH患存在血管内皮功能不良，苯那普利有显降压疗效，可显修复和改善EH患不良的血管内皮结构和功能。     

卡维地洛对充血性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响

目的：了解卡维地洛对充血性心力衰竭患心功能的影响。方法：79例充血性心力衰竭患被随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组41例，对照组38例。两组患均使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂和利尿剂。治疗组给予卡维地洛口服，2次／日。对照组则不给予卡维地洛。结果：卡维地洛能显降低充血性心力衰竭患外周血管的阻力，增加心输出量、每搏量、射血分数(P＜0．05一P＜0．01)，而且较对照组显(P＜0．05一P＜0．01)。结论：卡维地洛能够明显改善充血性心力衰竭患的心功能。     

慢性心力衰竭患者血清铁蛋白的测定及其临床意义

目的：探讨慢性心力衰竭患血清铁蛋白的变化及其临床意义。方法：采用放射免疫法测定110例慢性心力衰竭患血清铁蛋白（SF）水平,并与25例健康组相对照。结果：慢性心力衰竭患SF显高于对照组（P＜0．05）,其中合并感染组显高于无感染组（P＜0．01）,合并心脏恶液质综合征显低于无该合并症,随心力衰竭的加重,I,II,Ⅲ度心力衰竭组间SF依次显递减（P＜0．01）。结论：对慢性心力衰竭患进行SF的监测,有助于对疾病严重程度和预后的判断。     

静脉滴注国产氨力农治疗慢性肺心病顽固性心力衰？…

对４２例慢性肺心病顽固性心力衰竭患者给予国产氨力农５０ｍｇ，静脉滴注，每天一次，７天为一疗程，观察其临床疗效及治疗前后血流动力学改变。结果显示，心功能改善Ⅱ级或Ⅱ级以上者２２例（占５２．４％），总有效率达９２．９％，用药后每搏出量、心输出量、心搏指数明显升高，总外周阻力、射血前期与左室射血的比值均有所下降，未见明显不良反应。     

乌拉地尔对心力衰竭患者的血液动力学效应

乌拉地尔是α１受体阻滞剂，可用于心力衰竭治疗。本组观察了１１例缺血性心脏病心力衰竭患者静脉滴注乌拉地尔２～１２μｇｋｇ－１／ｍｉｎ的血液动力学效应。结果表明：乌拉地尔可降低总外周阻力、肺毛细血管楔压、肺血管阻力、肺动脉压，增加心排血量、心脏指数、左室作功指数，而心率、平均动脉压与用药前比较无明显统计学差异。因此，结果提示，静脉滴注乌拉地尔对缺血性心脏病所致心力衰竭有良好的血流动力学效应。     

口服苯脂丙脯酸治疗心力衰竭血流动力学观察

对10例慢性心衰患者（冠心病6例，高血压心脏病2例，心肌病2例）口服苯脂丙脯酸10－20mg，1日1次，连用2周。首次口服后作血流动力学观察，结果表明：用药4小时，平均动脉压下降18．29％，中心静脉压（CVP）下降40．35％，平均肺动脉压（mPAP)下降23．96％，肺毛细血管嵌压（PCWP）下降41．2％，全身血管阻力（SVR）和肺血管阻力（PVR）分别下降39．96％和41．16％（P均＜0．001），心排指数（CI）上升44．16％（P＜0．001）。一次口服作用持续24小时以上，连续口服2周平均动脉压下降18－20％（P＜0．01）。患者症状及体征明显改善，心功能改善，未发现明显副作用。本研究结果提示，苯脂丙脯酸对慢性心衰的治疗是有效的，能获得即刻和长期的血流动力学改善，可单独或联合应用于心衰治疗。     

阿替洛尔在慢性肺心病心力衰竭中的应用

目的：观察选择性β1受体阻滞剂对慢性肺心病心力衰竭的疗效。方法：对20例慢性肺心病心力衰竭患在常规治疗的基础上加用选择性β1受体阻滞剂阿替洛尔观察治疗前后心功能,心率的变化。结果：阿替洛尔组总有效率为96％,对照组为76％（P＜0．05）,阿替洛尔组平均心率减慢非常显（P＜0．01）,不良反应少,未诱发支气管痉挛或加重哮喘,结论：阿替洛尔用于慢性肺心病心力衰竭患的是安全,有效的。     

关于老年心血管病人抑郁症的临床研究

目的：研究老年心血管病人抑郁症的患病率和对策。方法：以汉密尔顿抑郁量表对200例老年心血管病人，50例正常人（对照组）进行问卷调查。老年人心血管病人中冠心病人145例（心绞痛患40例，无心绞痛患85例，陈旧性心肌梗死患20例），高血压病人55例（2级20例，3级35例）。结果：与对照组比较，各种心血管病人的抑郁症患病率显增加（P＜0．05－0．01），病程越长，抑郁症发病率越高，病程＞10年组的抑郁症发病率显高于＜5年组的（P＜0．01）。结论：老年心血管病人抑郁症的患病率显增加，应重视其治疗。     

风湿性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压患者体外循环前、后肺血流动力学改变

目的：观察风湿性心脏病（风心病）重度肺动脉高压患者体外循环（ＣＰＢ）前、后肺血流动力学变化规律。方法：体外循环前、后用Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ导管监测１５例风心病重度肺动脉高压患者肺血流动力学参数。结果：ＣＰＢ前肺动脉压为３．７／２．３～１１．６／６．０ｋＰａ（２８／１７～８７／４５ｍｍＨｇ），ＣＰＢ后为２．９／１．１～１１．８／５．５ｋＰａ（２２／８～８９／４１ｍｍＨｇ）。二尖瓣替换术后肺动脉收缩压无明显降低（－９％，Ｐ＞０．０５），肺动脉舒张压（－２０％）和平均压（－１４％）均明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。肺血管阻力（ＰＶＲ）在ＣＰＢ前高达６０．３±４０．９ｋＰａ·ｓ／Ｌ，ＣＰＢ后明显降低（－４０％，Ｐ＜０．０５）。回归方程为：ＣＰＢ后ＰＶＲ＝０．５４６ＰＶＲｂ＋２３．２４，Ｒ２＝０．６５１（ＰＶＲｂ为肺血管阻力基础值）。鱼精蛋白静脉用药１０例，肺动脉压升高者４例；动脉用药５例，均未发现肺动脉压改变。结论：风心病肺动脉高压患者术后大部分ＰＶＲ不能恢复正常。动脉系统用药可减少肝素鱼精蛋白复合物引起的不良反应。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。     

南通市老年人生命质量影响因素的因子分析

目的 了解南通市老年人的生命质量及其影响因素.方法 2010年7月应用欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D)对南通市994例＞60岁的老年人进行问卷调查,探索性因子分析生命质量的影响因素.结果 英国权重计算城市老年人生命质量指数得分均数(0.590±0.092)高于农村老年人(0.560±0.115),农村老年人得分高于养老院老年人(0.447 ±0.154).社会经济因素、闲暇生活方式、慢性病、睡眠食欲、婚姻家庭和社会支持是影响老年人生命质量的主要因子.结论 政府应完善养老保险和医疗保险制度,加强老年人慢性病的健康管理,促进居家养老服务体系建设.     

胆囊腺肌增生症23例临床分析

目的探讨胆囊腺肌增生症的病因、诊断和治疗方法。方法在1046例胆囊切除术中,对病理检查确诊的23例胆囊腺肌增生症的临床资料进行回顾性分析,患者术前均行超声、CT或MRI检查。结果23例胆囊腺肌增生症临床表现与慢性胆囊炎胆石症类似。病变大体形态:局限型13例(均位于胆囊底部)、节段型7例和弥漫型3例。23例均行胆囊切除,合并胆囊结石6例,合并胆囊炎14例。结论胆囊腺肌增生症是一种好发于成年人的胆囊壁增生性病变,此病常与慢性胆囊炎、胆石症并存,临床诊断困难,确诊需依赖病理检查。联合超声、CT和MRI等影像学检查可提高术前诊断准确度。目前手术是治疗的最好方法。     

糖尿病肾病血液透析护理效果分析

目的探讨糖尿病肾病血液透析中不同护理模式的护理效果。方法选择该院2018年3月—2019年3月收治的糖尿病肾病患者72例。该次选取的病例均拟行血液透析治疗,按照随机数表将患者分为对照组(35例)和观察组(37例),其中对照组在患者血液透析期间行常规基础护理,观察组行优质护理干预,观察两种不同的护理模式对患者血液透析的影响。结果观察组患者因低血压等中断透析的发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组透析期间并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的生活质量SF-36评分均高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在糖尿病肾病患者透析期间行优质护理,有助于保障血液透析的顺利开展,同时降低各种并发症的风险,使得患者的生活质量有最基本的保障。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.