二氧化钛在聚丙烯酸酯复合涂层中抗光降解作用的研究

研究讨论了纳米或颜料级锐钛矿型及金红石型TiO2在聚丙烯酸酯复合涂层中的抗光降解作用.通过FTIR、失重分析以及氢过氧化物分析表征人工加速耐老化检测中复合涂层光降解变化过程.采用非挥发性物质中C = O键在1733cm-1的透过率变化描述复合涂层光降解速率.实验结果表明锐钛矿型TiO2由于具有光催化性会加速聚丙烯酸酯复合涂层的光降解过程,使复合涂层失重加快,光氧化产物含量增大;而金红石型TiO2对聚丙烯酸酯复合涂层有良好的抗光降解作用,阻止丙烯酸酯聚合物光降解的进行.颜料级TiO2与纳米级TiO2相比呈现出不同的抗光降解作用.     

复合紫外吸收剂对聚丙烯酸酯乳液薄膜抗老化性的影响(英文)

讨论了金红石型纳米TiO2,2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮(UV-531)及R-TiO2/UV-531的紫外光吸收性质,并通过超声分散和原位聚合工艺将其添加到聚丙烯酸酯乳液中,采用UV-vis,FTIR和SEM探讨了紫外吸收剂对聚丙烯酸酯乳液薄膜抗紫外老化性能的影响。结果表明,复合紫外吸收剂拓展了紫外光区的吸收范围,优于单一的有机/无机紫外吸收剂。R-TiO2/UV-531发挥了有机和无机紫外吸收剂的协同效应,利用具有良好光稳定性的金红石型纳米TiO2的遮光性减缓了UV-531的分解。原位聚合使R-TiO2/UV-531更好地分散于乳液中,提高了薄膜的抗老化性。     

金红石型纳米TiO2紫外屏蔽性能的相关应用及改性研究

金红石型纳米TiO2对可见光的透射性强,具有极好的吸收、散射紫外线能力,可作为紫外屏蔽剂广泛应用于涂料、化妆品、纺织、木材加工等行业.但纳米TiO2同时也具有光催化性能,是有机基体发生光氧化的催化剂,且在有机基体中的分散性和稳定性不好,需经表面处理以解决这些问题.本文针对金红石型纳米TiO2防紫外性能的相关应用、存在的...     

纳米TiO2和纳米ZnO的紫外光学特性及其在聚丙烯抗老化改性中的应用研究

采用水悬浮液法研究比较了金红石型纳米TiO2和纳米ZnO的紫外-可见光学特性,结果表明金红石型纳米TiO2具有比纳米ZnO更加优异的紫外线屏蔽性能,并对两种材料的屏蔽机理进行了分析;通过熔融共混法制备了金红石型纳米TiO2和纳米ZnO两类改性PP材料,用氙灯耐气候试验机对所制备材料进行了28天人工气候加速老化,对比测试了纯PP和两种改性PP老化前后的力学性能和外观变化规律,结果表明添加少量金红石型纳米TiO2或纳米ZnO都可以大幅度的提高PP的抗老化性能,而金红石型纳米TiO2改性PP的抗老化性能要明显优于纳米ZnO改性PP材料.文章最后用SEM对纳米TiO2在PP材料中的分散情况进行了分析.     

纳米TiO2改性丙烯酸涂层的抗紫外光作用

对两种不同晶型的纳米TiO2进行紫外可见光谱的测试,结果表明在波长300～330nm的范围内,金红石型结构的纳米TiO2对紫外光有强的吸收.利用十二烷基苯磺酸钠对纳米TiO2进行改性,提高其表面的亲油性,使之对有机基团有比较好的亲和性.在丙烯酸树脂中加入改性的纳米TiO2,并进行超声波分散和成膜,获得含不同比例纳米TiO2的丙烯酸树脂复合薄膜,对不同的纳米TiO2复合薄膜进行紫外可见吸收光谱分析.结果表明,在一定范围内,随着纳米TiO2含量的增加,纳米复合涂层对紫外光的吸收率呈上升趋势,抗紫外线性能增强.     

TiO_2纳米管阵列热驱动掺银制备TiO_2-Ag复合涂层及其光催化性能

无定形结构TiO2纳米管阵列(titania nanotube arrays,TNA)在浸泡AgNO3溶液后,再经适当的热处理,不仅可使TNA的晶体结构转变为锐钛矿型或金红石型,还可以制得海绵状TiO2-Ag复合涂层。深入研究了AgNO3溶液浓度、热处理温度等对TiO2-Ag复合涂层结构和光催化制氢性能影响的影响。研究结果表明,AgNO3溶液浓度对TiO2-Ag复合涂层形貌结构和晶体结构具有重要影响。当AgNO3溶液浓度为0.1~0.5 mol/L、热处理温度为500℃时,可制得海绵状TiO2-Ag复合涂层,该涂层在紫外-可见光光照条件下,光催化制氢速率为2.14μmol/cm2·h。     

（TiO2-CdS）／SiO2复合粉体的溶胶一凝胶法合成及晶相转变

以钛酸丁脂为原料，CdS纳米晶为掺杂相，通过正硅酸乙脂水解，用溶胶-凝胶法制备(TiO2-CdS)／SiO2复合粉体。用DTA-TG、XRD和TEM对复合粉体进行表征。发现复合粉体中TiO2从无定型向锐钛矿型的相变温度大约为810℃，从锐钛矿型向金红石型的相变温度为900℃；添加少量的二氧化硅明显地抑制二氧化钛晶粒粒径的增大和相变。     

纳米TiO_2/玻璃纤维复合增强体的制备及表征

利用植酸对短玻璃纤维粉进行预处理,然后以钛酸丁酯为原料,乙醇介质中通过胶溶-水解法在玻璃纤维表面制备了纳米TiO2。SEM观察表明直接在玻璃纤维表面进行制备难以形成有效包覆,而植酸处理有利于TiO2均匀包覆,纤维表面TiO2颗粒尺寸约50nm,呈多孔结构。XPS结果显示纳米TiO2/玻璃纤维复合粉体表面Ti元素处于TiO2中Ti 4+结合态,同时存在Ti—O—Si键。分析粉体的XRD结果认为纳米TiO2主要以锐钛矿形式存在,热分析结果表明复合粉体在受热过程中失重约6.3%,相应DTA曲线中未出现明显吸热峰。对比了原始玻璃纤维粉和纳米TiO2/玻璃纤维复合粉体在环氧树脂中分散状态及相应复合材料涂层的耐磨失重,SEM观察表明未处理玻璃纤维难以与树脂形成有效的界面粘结,而经过改性后,复合颗粒与基体结合紧密,纳米TiO2表面的羟基参与环氧树脂的固化过程,显著改善了两相之间的界面作用,改性后填充体系的耐磨失重降低63.6%。     

纳米二氧化钛的晶型转变及光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得稳定的TiO2透明溶胶．凝胶经焙烧制备了纳米TiO2粉体,利用FT-IR、XRD和原子力显微镜(AFM)技术对其进行了结构和形貌表征,考察了其对水杨酸的光催化活性。研究结果表明,醇胺不同的加入量,对TiO2从锐钛矿转变为金红石型的晶相转变温度(600～800℃)有很大影响．FT-IR谱的423cm^-1处吸收峰为金红石型TiO2的特征Ti-O键振动峰,采用310nm的紫外光波长照射时锐钛矿型TiO2粉体具有较高的光催化活性。     

添加磷酸根对纳米二氧化钛晶相的控制

以TiCl4为前驱体添加磷酸盐通过水热法制备了纳米TiO2。通过X射线衍射仪、差热分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、比表面仪(BET)和光化学反应器等手段对所制备的TiO2的颗粒晶型、失重、形貌、比表面和降解罗丹明B的能力进行了表征。结果表明,随着磷酸根的添加,TiCl4水解生成的TiO2的晶型由纯金红石型向锐钛矿型转换,且所合成的锐钛矿和金红石的混晶样品的光催化活性明显高于单独晶相的光催化活性。     

Influence of high velocity oxy-fuel parameters on properties of nanostructured TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> coatings

A liquid fuel high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process has been used to deposit TiO₂ nanostructured coatings utilizing a commercially available nanopowder as the feedstock. The coatings were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated as a rate constant of decomposition reaction of methylene blue (MB) determined from the changes of relative concentration of MB with UV irradiation time. The results indicate that the sprayed TiO₂ coatings were composed of both TiO₂ phases viz. anatase and rutile, with different phase contents and crystallite sizes. A high anatase content of 80% by volume was achieved at 0·00015, fuel-to-oxygen ratio with nanostructure coating by grain size smaller than feedstock powder. Photocatalytic activity evaluation results indicated that all the TiO₂ coatings are effective to degradation MB under UV radiation and their activities differ in different spray conditions. It is found that fuel flow rate strongly influenced on phase transformation of anatase to rutile and by optimizing the rate which can promote structural transformation and grain coarsening in coating and improving photocatalytic activity.     

纳米TiO2薄膜光催化剂的制备及性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯作为前驱体,用溶胶一凝胶法,在玻璃载体上煅烧制备了纳米TiO2薄膜光催化剂,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）等表征技术研究了TiO2薄膜的形貌和特性,其光催化性能用4支20W紫外石英杀菌灯照射TiO2薄膜分解亚甲基兰染料溶液表征,结果表明,该催化剂具有锐钛班红石混合晶相和纳米花状结构,纳米TiO2薄膜的光催化能力随着镀膜层数的增加而增加。     

Photocatalytic activity of reactively sputtered and directly sputtered titania coatings

It is well known that, depending on deposition conditions, the structure of titania coatings may be amorphous, anatase or rutile, or a mixture of phases, and that the anatase phase is the most promising photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants. The formation of anatase depends on the energy delivered to the growing film, which in turn depends on the operating parameters chosen. In this study, titania coatings have been deposited onto glass substrates by pulsed magnetron sputtering both from metallic targets in reactive mode and directly from oxide powder targets. The as-deposited coatings were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Selected coatings were then annealed at temperatures in the range of 400–700 °C and re-analysed. The photocatalytic activity of the coatings has been investigated through measurements of the degradation of organic dyes, such as methyl orange, under the influence of UV and fluorescent light sources. Further sets of coatings have been produced both from metallic and powder targets in which the titania is doped with tungsten. These coatings have also been analysed and the influence of the dopant element on photocatalytic activity has been investigated. It has been found that, after annealing, both sputtering processes produced photo-active surfaces and that activity increased with increasing tungsten content over the range tested. Furthermore, the activity of these coatings under exposure to fluorescent lamps was some 50–60% of that observed under exposure to UV lamps.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Hydrothermal fabrication of rutile TiO2 submicrospheres on wood surface: An efficient method to prepare UV-protective wood

In this work, wood materials with UV-resistant ability were successfully fabricated by depositing submicrometer-sized rutile TiO₂ spheres on wood surface using a facile and one-pot hydrothermal method. The prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transformation infrared (ATR-FTIR) techniques. ATR-FTIR spectra demonstrated that chemical bonds were formed at the interfaces between rutile TiO₂ and wood owing to the presence of hydroxyl groups. Accelerated aging was used to measure the UV resistance of the original wood (OW), anatase TiO₂/wood (ATW) and rutile TiO₂/wood (RTW). Comparison with OW and ATW samples, RTW exhibited more UV-resistant ability due to high UV light absorption capability, superior light scattering property and high recombination of the photogenerated electron and hole of the submicrometer-sized rutile TiO₂ spheres on the wood surface.     

Cu掺杂金红石型TiO2的制备及其光催化性能

用溶胶-凝胶法在650℃条件下,制备了Cu掺杂金红石型TiO₂光催化剂,使用XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS、BET、PL和DRS等手段对其晶体结构、表面形貌、元素组成与价态、比表面积和光学性质进行了表征。结果表明,纯TiO₂是少量锐钛矿与大量金红石组成的混晶,Cu掺杂有利于锐钛矿向金红石的转变,Cu掺杂TiO₂全部为金红石。Cu元素以+1价和+2价共存的形式存在于样品中。以罗丹明B为目标污染物、以氙灯为紫外可见光光源考察这种光催化剂的活性时发现,Cu掺杂降低了光催化活性,Cu掺杂能抑制光生电子与空穴的复合但是使光催化剂在紫外部分的吸收降低,即降低了材料的光催化活性。     

SiO2—TiO2—ZrO2系涂层的制备及其特性

用溶胶－凝胶法（sol-gel method）在不锈钢表面制备了SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2系无机氧化膜（STZ）。用DTA／TG、IR、XRD和SEM等手段研究了涂层制备时由凝胶向玻璃态的转变以及涂层薄膜的显微结构特点，考察了涂层对基体的保护效果。试验结果表明，在溶胶至凝胶最终转变为无机氧化物的过程中形成了无机网络，Si^4 和Zr^4 充当了网络骨架的形成离子。涂层为无定型玻璃态，其间混有石英、锐钛矿或金红石等微晶。     

Photocatalytic degradation of dyes and organic contaminants in water using nanocrystalline anatase and rutile TiO2

Nanocrystalline TiO₂ was synthesized by controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide. The anatase phase was converted to rutile phase by thermal treatment at 1023 K for 11 h. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectrophotometry (FT-IR) and N₂ adsorption (BET) at 77 K. This study compare the photocatalytic activity of the anatase and rutile phases of nanocrystalline TiO₂ for the degradation of acetophenone, nitrobenzene, methylene blue and malachite green present in aqueous solutions. The initial rate of degradation was calculated to compare the photocatalytic activity of anatase and rutile nanocrystalline TiO₂ for the degradation of different substances under ultraviolet light irradiation. The higher photocatalytic activity was obtained in anatase phase TiO₂ for the degradation of all substances as compared with rutile phase. It is concluded that the higher photocatalytic activity in anatase TiO₂ is due to parameters like band-gap, number of hydroxyl groups, surface area and porosity of the catalyst.     

Fe-F/TiO_2复合微球的制备与光降解部分水解聚丙烯酰胺机制

以Span-80为调控剂,钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)为钛源,采用低温水解-回流法制备了Fe-F共掺杂TiO_2介孔复合微球(Fe-F/TiO_2)。通过XRD、SEM、FTIR、TG-DTA、BJH和UV-vis DRS测试方法对样品进行了结构性能表征;以部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)为目标降解物,研究了Fe-F/TiO_2复合催化剂的光催化性能。结果表明,制得的Fe-F/TiO_2是由直径为10~15nm的纳米粒子堆砌而成的锐钛矿型介孔微球,其中Fe3+可以有效促进锐钛矿而抑制金红石相的生成,使其具有较高的热稳定性;比表面积、孔容积及平均孔径分别是145.11 m2/g、0.26cm3/g和6.23nm。在光降解HPAM的过程中,Fe3+和F-的协同效应可以提升材料的光催化性能,使FeF/TiO_2具有最高的催化活性。在紫外光及可见光条件下,0.1g的Fe-F/TiO_2降解100mL浓度为500mg/L的HPAM溶液120min,其COD去除率分别为81%和74%。     

Deoxidisation and phase analysis of plasma sprayed TiO2 by X-ray Rietveld method

It is fundamentally important to determine the deoxidisation and phase compositions of plasma sprayed TiO₂ coatings containing anatase. In the present study, plasma sprayed porous TiO₂ coatings containing anatase were prepared using anatase powder and both Ar-He-H₂ and Ar-He-N₂ plasma gases. The deoxidisation of TiO₂ and phase compositions of the starting powder and the prepared coatings were examined using X-ray Rietveld method by refining their crystalline parameters and scale factors. The refined oxygen occupancies showed that there were about 0.08 and 0.1 formula units of oxygen deficiencies for the rutile and anatase phases of the coatings, respectively. Such degrees of deoxidisation and the other crystalline parameters appeared independent of the plasma spraying process parameters. With considerations of the presence of organic adhesive in the starting powder and the formation of titanium ethoxide in the coatings, the degrees of deoxidisation estimated by the X-ray Rietveld method were slightly higher than those quantified by the thermogravimetry curves. The phases of the coatings determined from the refined scale factors were mainly composed of rutile with 10.0% to 22.5% anatase by weight, and the latter content increased with decreasing the intensity of the plasma jet.