RNA干扰ABCE1基因后可抑制肺癌95-D/NCI-H446细胞的增殖和诱导细胞凋亡

ABCE1作为RNase L抑制剂首先是在脊椎动物中被发现的．前期研究结果显示ABCE1与肺腺癌的发生率及临床分期显著相关．为了进一步研究ABCE1的新功能,构建了ABCE1基因的siRNA表达质粒(RNAi-Ready pSIREN-DNR-DsRed-　Express vector),培养肺癌细胞(95-D和 NCI-H446),用FuGENE 6作为转染试剂转染后,使用荧光显微镜观察转染效果,RT-PCR分析ABCE1基因表达,Western blot 分析ABCE1蛋白的表达,MTT法检测细胞的活性,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期,ELISA法检测细胞凋亡．结果显示：质粒的转染效果较满意,阳性率约为42.70%;在实验组,细胞活性和生长指数明显受到抑制,细胞凋亡明显增加,与对照组比较差异显著(P < 0.05)．上述结果显示,RNA干扰ABCE1基因可显著抑制肺癌细胞(95-D/NCI-H446) RNA的转录、蛋白质的表达,并增加细胞凋亡,为进一步研究ABCE1基因提供必要的基础．     

5-Aza-CdR对胶质瘤细胞生长及LRRC4基因异常甲基化的影响

LRRC4是一个新发现的胶质瘤抑瘤基因,它在多种胶质瘤细胞系和胶质瘤组织表达缺失或下调,前期研究结果表明胶质瘤细胞和组织中LRRC4的编码区未发生突变、缺失或重排．为了获得LRRC4作为胶质瘤抑瘤基因的进一步证据,采用去甲基化制剂5-Aza-CdR处理LRRC4表达缺失的SF126和SF767胶质瘤细胞,MSP和RT-PCR检测表明,LRRC4的启动子在表达缺失的SF126和SF767细胞存在完全的甲基化,而5-Aza-CdR能逆转LRRC4启动子的甲基化状态,恢复LRRC4的表达．MTT法测定显示,5-Aza-CdR使SF126和SF767胶质瘤细胞增殖受到明显抑制,并呈时间和剂量的依赖性．同时流式细胞仪检测显示,5-Aza-CdR使SF126和SF767胶质瘤细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期．因此,5-Aza-CdR能抑制胶质瘤细胞SF126和SF767增殖并干扰其细胞周期,LRRC4启动子异常甲基化是其在胶质瘤细胞中表达缺失的重要机制,5-Aza-CdR能逆转LRRC4基因的甲基化,恢复LRRC4的表达,为LRRC4作为胶质瘤去甲基化治疗的靶标提供了科学依据．     

肺癌细胞中调控ezrin基因基本转录活性的顺式作用元件及转录因子的鉴定

研究发现,质膜-细胞骨架连接蛋白Ezrin在多种肿瘤细胞中异常表达,而且Ezrin的表达上调与肿瘤细胞的移动侵袭相关,但是调控ezrin基因转录的分子机制却不清楚．为了探明ezrin基因的转录调控机制,以肺癌细胞A549为材料,首先采用双荧光素酶报告基因分析系统检测ezrin基因5′侧翼嵌套缺失序列和位点突变序列的转录活性,鉴定肺癌细胞中ezrin基因的基本启动子区以及关键的顺式作用元件Sp1结合位点 (-75/-69) 和AP-1结合位点 (-64/-58)．其次,利用凝胶电泳迁移率变动分析证明,肺癌细胞核蛋白提取物能够与ezrin基因含有关键顺式作用元件的DNA序列结合,形成DNA-核蛋白复合物,而且Sp1结合位点和AP-1结合位点与重组蛋白rhSp1和rhAP-1的结合具有位点特异性．最后,利用瞬时转染实验证实,转录因子Sp1和AP-1 (由c-Jun和c-Fos组成的异源二聚体) 分别通过Sp1结合位点和AP-1结合位点,增强ezrin基因基本转录活性,而且,过表达转录因子Sp1、c-Jun或c-Fos上调了Ezrin蛋白表达．研究确定,肺癌细胞中调控ezrin基因基本转录活性的关键顺式作用元件是Sp1结合位点 (-75/-69) 和AP-1结合位点 (-64/-58),与之作用的转录因子Sp1和AP-1对于ezrin基因的转录激活作用至关重要．     

hpc2研究进展

生物个体的胚胎发育以及细胞的增殖、分化,都同时受到多种基因的严格调控,PcG基因家族就是一类重要的发育相关基因.而hPc2基因是人PcG基因家族中的一个重要成员,其编码的HPC2蛋白,不仅可以和HPH、BMI-1以及RING1等其他人类PcG蛋白结合形成HPC/HPH PcG复合体,以蛋白复合体的形式参与对homeotic基因的表达抑制,以维持机体的正常发育以及细胞的增殖和定向分化,还发现它能与其他多种蛋白质相结合,提示HPC2可能具有多种功能.因此,对hPc2的深入研究不仅有助于进一步阐明PcG基因家族的作用机理,扩展人们对基因表达调控的认识,还有助于发现PcG基因家族与其他信号转导通路的联系,更好地理解细胞信号网络系统.     

p14ARF对人黑色素瘤细胞增殖的影响及其作用机理的初探

ARF(alternative reading frame)作为INK4a/ARF的β转录产物,能够稳定p53, 诱导细胞周期阻断或凋亡.利用高表达p14^ARF的人黑色素瘤细胞模型,探讨了ARF抑制细胞增殖的分子作用机理.研究发现p14^ARF高表达能将细胞周期阻断在G1和G2期, p53, p21^cip1和p27^kip1蛋白水平明显增强, 而p-ERK1/2,CyclinD1和CyclinE蛋白水平下降, 明显抑制细胞生长. 提示p14^ARF能通过ERK(extracellular signal-regulated kinase)信号通路相互协调作用抑制A375细胞增殖.     

表达短lef-1 dsRNA的转化细胞对家蚕核型多角体病毒的抗性

为了探讨RNAi抑制家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)增殖的效果,用带有lef-1 dsRNA表达盒的转基因载体pigA3-LEF- Neo转染家蚕BmN培养细胞,通过G418(750～800 mg/L)筛选,获得了稳定转化细胞系．病毒感染试验显示,稳定转化细胞的病毒感染率比正常细胞低53%、转化细胞形成的多角体数量为普通细胞中的2/3、细胞培养上清中的游离病毒减少了90%以上,表明病毒在转化细胞中的增殖受到明显抑制;半定量RT-PCR结果显示,转化细胞中病毒lef-1的转录水平仅为正常细胞的2/5～3/5,表明转化细胞表达的lef-1 dsRNA抑制了病毒lef-1基因的表达．通过反向PCR分析外源DNA片段插入基因组位点,结果表明,在转化细胞中外源DNA可通过随机整合或按照piggyBac特定的转座位点TTAA插入细胞基因组．     

BHC80基因抑制对斑马鱼胚胎红细胞发育的影响

胚胎整体RNA原位杂交显示,BHC80基因表达主要集中在中枢神经系统部位． 应用吗啡啉修饰的反义寡核苷酸技术抑制BHC80基因表达,显示胚胎红细胞减少并堆积在PBI区,用胚胎期红细胞标志βe3 globin以及造血过程中的重要转录因子gata1、c-myb、lmo2的胚胎整体RNA原位杂交实验显示,BHC80基因表达下调使gata1标记胚胎红系前体细胞增殖增多并且分化延迟,导致红细胞减少和PBI区红细胞堆积． 血管内皮标志基因flk-1的RNA探针原位杂交和荧光显微造影显示,BHC80基因表达下调组血管与对照组相比清晰可见无明显差异．     

LASS1基因克隆及其在大鼠脑皮层的表达与神经元衰老的相关性初步研究

长寿保障基因LAG1是从酵母中克隆的与酵母寿命相关的基因,随酵母生命衰老而表达发生变化. 对大鼠中同源基因LASS1进行克隆、测序和序列分析,发现其mRNA序列不同于GenBank中的预测序列,开放阅读框包含1 053碱基对,编码蛋白由350个氨基酸组成,内含Lag1蛋白家族保守的Lag1p motif和TLC结构域. 从新生、1月龄、6月龄、12月龄和24月龄大鼠脑顶叶皮质提取总RNA,用半定量RT-PCR及RNA印迹方法对LASS1在大鼠脑皮质中的表达随年龄变化情况进行分析. 结果表明,出生后LASS1表达量随年龄增加而增高,至6月龄达高峰,然后随年龄增加而逐渐下降,至24月老龄鼠达最低. 衰老相关β半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-gal)对鼠脑皮层染色发现,神经元阳性染色随年龄增长明显增加. 大鼠LASS1基因表达在正常衰老过程中发生变化,为进一步研究该基因的作用奠定了基础.     

小鼠胚胎Sry基因的RNA干涉研究

为了研究 Sry 基因的调控网络,采用 siRNA 技术使 Sry 基因沉默,探讨了有效沉默 Sry 基因的途径和最佳条件. 设计、合成针对小鼠 Sry 基因的发夹状寡核苷酸链,退火后连入真核表达载体pSilencer 4.1-CMV neo vector,构建以小鼠 Sry 基因为靶点的 siRNA 干涉载体 pSilencer 4.1/Sry217及 pSilencer 4.1/Sry565,通过尾静脉注射法将载体质粒导入妊娠小鼠体内,于小鼠妊娠第 11.5 天,即 11.5 dpc (days post coitum,性交后天数) 取出胚胎,采用双重 PCR 法对胚胎进行性别鉴定,鉴定为雄性的胚胎采用半定量 RT-PCR 法检测Sry 基因的表达量,研究不同干扰序列、不同注射时间及注射剂量对 Sry 基因表达量的影响. 研究结果,确定了质粒的最佳注射时间为 9.5 dpc,注射剂量为 20 μg,注射干扰质粒 pSilencer 4.1/Sry565 对 Sry基因的抑制效率达 85% 左右. 结果表明,siRNA 可以显著抑制雄性胚胎 Sry 基因的表达.     

Mstn基因干扰通过上调基因Cpt1b促进肌间脂肪的β氧化

肌生长抑制素(myostatin,Mstn)也被称为生长/分化因子-8(GDF-8)。敲减或敲除Mstn基因可促进肌肉发育、降低脂肪含量。本研究利用RNA干扰技术制备Mstn干扰小鼠,随后对其骨骼肌形态、骨骼肌甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)含量、脂肪酸组成及含量进行了分析。结果显示,与对照组相比,Mstn干扰小鼠肌肉中Mstn的表达减少。小鼠骨骼肌肌纤维的横截面积显著增大,而TG含量显著降低,n-3/n-6和不饱和/饱和脂肪酸比值显著升高。通过实时荧光定量PCR检测脂肪酸代谢相关基因的表达,结果表明脂肪酸分解和转运相关基因表达上调,而脂肪酸合成相关基因表达下调。在这些基因中,与β氧化相关的基因Cpt1b的上调尤为明显。对骨骼肌中CPT1的酶活性进行了检测,结果与基因表达情况一致。为探讨其进一步作用机理,通过染色质免疫沉淀实验发现,Mstn基因下游转录因子SMAD3可与Cpt1b基因的启动子直接结合。上述结果表明,Mstn敲减后主要通过调控其下游转录因子SMAD3与Cpt1b基因启动子的结合,上调Cpt1b的表达,从而促进肌内脂肪酸的β氧化代谢。     

丝甘蛋白聚糖促进非小细胞肺癌的侵袭与转移

丝甘蛋白聚糖(serglycin,SRGN)在肿瘤细胞的侵袭与转移中具有广泛的研究前景。本研究报道SRGN与肺癌细胞侵袭与转移能力之间的相关性。首先,通过检测SRGN在正常肺上皮细胞株BEAS-2B及不同侵袭与转移能力的肺癌细胞株95C、95D中的表达差异。利用shRNA干扰技术,在侵袭与转移能力强的95D细胞中建立稳定干扰SRGN表达的95D/shSRGN的细胞株,并通过RT-qPCR、Western印迹、酶联免疫吸附测定验证其敲除效率。结果显示：干扰SRGN可抑制侵袭与转移性强的95D细胞的侵袭与转移能力,减弱细胞迁移与侵袭等生物学特性,导致上皮标志物上皮细胞钙黏连蛋白（E-cadherin）表达上调,间质标志物纤维连接蛋白1（fibronectin1, FN1）及EMT（epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT）相关转录因子锌指E盒结合同源框1（zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1, ZEB1）表达下调。进一步分析发现, SRGN与上皮细胞钙黏连蛋白表达成负相关（P=-0.25）,而与FN1(P=0.12)及ZEB1(P=0.35)表达成正相关,并且SRGN高表达的患者总生存时间明显少于SRGN低表达组（P=0.0077）,SRGN与ZEB1同时高表达的患者,总生存时间显著小于SRGN与ZEB1低表达患者（P=0.0005）。研究结果证实,SRGN促进上皮间质转化发生,增强非小细胞肺癌的侵袭与转移能力,为非小细胞肺癌预后提供参考。     

Expressed recombinant cadherins mediate cell sorting in model systems

Cadherins are cell-surface glycoproteins responsible for Ca2+-dependent cell-to-cell adhesion. E- or P-cadherin was transfected into L cells, which normally have little cadherin activity, and cellular aggregation of the resulting transfectants was observed to be a function of the cadherin molecule expressed. Transfected cells preferentially adhered to cells expressing the same cadherin subclass. Furthermore, in reconstituted embryonic lung tissue, E-cadherin-expressing L cells were associated with epithelial tubules expressing E-cadherin, while untransfected L cells associated with mesenchymal cells. These results provide the first direct evidence that the differential expression of cadherins can play a role in cell sorting in heterogeneous cell populations.     

RNA干扰抑制Snail表达对于胃癌细胞上皮间充质转化以及体外侵袭的影响

目的用RNA干扰(RNAinterference,RNAi)技术抑制转录因子Snail表达,观察其对人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞上皮-间充质转化表型和体外侵袭能力的影响。方法构建能表达针对Snail的小干扰RNA(Small interferingRNA,si RNA)的RNA干扰载体(Snail si RNAvector)和表达不针对任何已知mRNA的si RNA的阴性对照RNA干扰载体(control si RNAvector),分别转染SGC-7901细胞,筛选得到Snail表达受抑制的SGC-7901-siSnail细胞和Snail表达未受影响的SGC-7901-siControl细胞。分别采用RT-PCR和Western blot技术检测非转染组、SGC-7901-siSnail、SGC-7901-siControl三组细胞Snail、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和E-cadherin表达,用Boyden chamber模型检测细胞侵袭能力。结果 SGC-7901-siSnail组与SGC-7901-nontransfection组相比,Snail和α-SMA表达显著减弱(P0.01),E-cadherin表达显著增强(P0.01),Boyden chamber穿膜细胞数显著减少(P0.01);SGC-7901-siControl组中Snail、α-SMA、E-cadherin表达、Boyden chamber穿膜细胞数分别和SGC-7901-nontransfection组比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论通过RNA干扰阻滞Snail表达能有效地抑制SGC-7901细胞上皮-间充质转化及体外侵袭能力。Snail可能在胃腺癌上皮-间充质转化及侵袭过程中扮演重要角色,抑制Snail表达可能成胃腺癌治疗的可行策略。     

Expression of N-cadherin by human squamous carcinoma cells induces a scattered fibroblastic phenotype with disrupted cell-cell adhesion

E-cadherin is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates calcium- dependent, homotypic cell-cell adhesion and plays an important role in maintaining the normal phenotype of epithelial cells. Disruption of E- cadherin activity in epithelial cells correlates with formation of metastatic tumors. Decreased adhesive function may be implemented in a number of ways including: (a) decreased expression of E-cadherin; (b) mutations in the gene encoding E-cadherin; or (c) mutations in the genes that encode the catenins, proteins that link the cadherins to the cytoskeleton and are essential for cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion. In this study, we explored the possibility that inappropriate expression of a nonepithelial cadherin by an epithelial cell might also result in disruption of cell-cell adhesion. We showed that a squamous cell carcinoma-derived cell line expressed N-cadherin and displayed a scattered fibroblastic phenotype along with decreased expression of E- and P-cadherin. Transfection of this cell line with antisense N- cadherin resulted in reversion to a normal-appearing squamous epithelial cell with increased E- and P-cadherin expression. In addition, transfection of a normal-appearing squamous epithelial cell line with N-cadherin resulted in downregulation of both E- and P- cadherin and a scattered fibroblastic phenotype. In all cases, the levels of expression of N-cadherin and E-cadherin were inversely related to one another. In addition, we showed that some squamous cell carcinomas expressed N-cadherin in situ and those tumors expressing N- cadherin were invasive. These studies led us to propose a novel mechanism for tumorigenesis in squamous epithelial cells; i.e., inadvertent expression of a nonepithelial cadherin.     

Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Accompanied with Reduced E-Cadherin Expression but Not Cadherin Switch

The cadherin switch from E-cadherin to N-cadherin is considered as a hallmark of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and progression of carcinomas. Although it enhances aggressive behaviors of adenocarcinoma cells, the significance and role of cadherin switch in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are largely controversial. In the present study, we immunohistochemically examined expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in oral SCCs (n = 63) and its implications for the disease progression. The E-cadherin-positive carcinoma cells were rapidly decreased at the invasive front. The percentage of carcinoma cells stained E-cadherin at the cell membrane was reduced in parallel with tumor dedifferentiation (P<0.01) and enhanced invasion (P<0.01). In contrast, N-cadherin-positive cells were very limited and did not correlate with the clinicopathological parameters. Mouse tongue tumors xenotransplantated oral SCC cell lines expressing both cadherins in vitro reproduced the reduction of E-cadherin-positive carcinoma cells at the invasive front and the negligible expression of N-cadherin. These results demonstrate that the reduction of E-cadherin-mediated carcinoma cell-cell adhesion at the invasive front, but not the cadherin switch, is an important determinant for oral SCC progression, and suggest that the environments surrounding carcinoma cells largely affect the cadherin expression.     

A novel cadherin cell adhesion molecule: its expression patterns associated with implantation and organogenesis of mouse embryos

The Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion molecules, termed cadherins, were previously divided into two subclasses, E- and N-types, with different adhesive specificity. In this study, we identified a novel class of cadherin, termed P-cadherin, using a visceral endoderm cell line PSA5- E. This cadherin was a 118,000-D glycoprotein and distinct from E- and N-cadherins in immunological specificity and molecular mass. In accord with these findings, cells with P-cadherin did not cross-adhere with cells with E-cadherin. P-Cadherin first appeared in developing mouse embryos in the extraembryonic ectoderm and the visceral endoderm at the egg cylinder stage and later was expressed in various tissues. The placenta and the uterine decidua most abundantly expressed this cadherin. The expression of P-cadherin was transient in many tissues, and its permanent expression was limited to certain tissues such as the epidermis, the mesothelium, and the corneal endothelium. When the tissue distribution of P-cadherin was compared with that of E-cadherin, we found that: each cadherin displayed a unique spatio-temporal pattern of expression; P-cadherin was co-expressed with E-cadherin in local regions of various tissues; and onset or termination of expression of P- cadherin was closely associated with connection or segregation of cell layers, as found with other cadherins. These results suggested that differential expression of multiple classes of cadherins play a role in implantation and morphogenesis of embryos by providing cells with heterogenous adhesive specificity.     

Id 基因在多种肺癌细胞中的表达及意义

目的：研究Id基因在肺癌和永生化支气管上皮细胞中的表达,探讨其在肺癌细胞中表达的意义。方法：利用半定量RT—PCR和Western blot方法检测多种肺癌和永生化支气管上皮细胞中Id1—Id4 mRNA和Id1—Id4蛋白的表达。结果：A549、NCI—H460、NCI—H446、SK—MES—1、Anip973中Id1-Id3 mRNA均高表达,Id1相对表达较强;而AGZY和MP-184中未表达Id1-Id3 mRNA;腺癌细胞均表达了Id4 mRNA,而NCI-H446、SK—MES—1未表达Id4mRNA。A549,NCA—H460,NCA—H446,SK—MES—1,Anip973中Id1,Id2,Id3蛋白均高表达,A549,NCA—H446,Anip973中Id2的表达高于NCA—H460,SK—MES—1;A549,NCA—H460,Anip973有出的高表达,NCI—H446,SK—MES—1无Id4的表达,Id1-Id4在AGZY和MP-184中均耒表达。结论：4种Id基因均作为癌基因在肺癌的发生发展中发挥作用,Id1,Id2,Id3与肺癌细胞的恶性程度以及增殖和转移密切相关,Id4可做为肺腺癌的检测标志物。     

Brain microvascular endothelium induced-annexin A1 secretion contributes to small cell lung cancer brain metastasis

Small cell lung cancer is the most aggressive histologic subtype of lung cancer, with a strong predilection for metastasizing to brain early. However, the cellular and molecular basis is poorly known. Here, we provided evidence to reveal the role of annexin A1 in small cell lung cancer metastasis to brain. Firstly, the elevated annexin A1 serum levels in small cell lung cancer patients were associated with brain metastasis. The levels of annexin A1 were also upregulated in NCI-H446 cells, a small cell lung cancer cell line, upon migration into the mice brain. More interestingly, annexin A1 was secreted by NCI-H446 cells in a time-dependent manner when co-culturing with human brain microvascular endothelial cells, which was identified with the detections of annexin A1 in the co-cultured cellular supernatants by ELISA and western blot. Further results showed that blockage of annexin A1 in the co-cultured cellular supernatants using a neutralized antibody significantly inhibited NCI-H446 cells adhesion to brain endothelium and its transendothelial migration. Conversely, the addition of Ac2-26, an annexin A1 mimic peptide, enhanced these effects. Furthermore, knockdown of annexin A1 in NCI-H446 cells prevented its transendothelial migration in vitro and metastasis to mice brain in vivo. Our data showed that small cell lung cancer cell in brain microvasculature microenvironment could express much more annexin A1 and release it outside, which facilitated small cell lung cancer cell to gain malignant properties of entry into brain. These findings provided a potential target for the management of SCLC brain metastasis.     

Analysis of cadherin/catenin complexes in transformed thyroid epithelial cells: modulation by beta 1 integrin subunit

We have analysed the expression of cadherin/catenin complex molecules in PC C13 rat thyroid cells transformed in vitro with different oncogenes. No significant downregulation of either E-cadherin, alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin was detected following the introduction of activated forms of myc, adenovirus E1A, ras, raf, myc + ras, E1A + raf. However, ras- and raf-transformed PC C13 cells showed altered adherens junctions. An altered distribution of cadherin/catenin complexes characterized by radially oriented membrane spikes perpendicular to cell edges was the most prominent feature evidenced by immunofluorescence. No beta1 integrin localization was observed in areas where this altered pattern of E-cadherin expression was detected. However, beta1 integrin subunit expression was detected at areas of cell-cell contact where E-cadherin showed a normal pattern of expression. Furthermore, ras- and raf-transformed PC C13 cells showed the ability to migrate in collagen gels, in contrast to their normal untransformed counterpart. Overexpression of beta1 integrin was found to restore normal E-cadherin localization at cell-cell contacts and to partially inhibit the ability to migrate in collagen gels. Finally, two cell lines obtained by ras transformation in vivo, and derived from a rat primary thyroid carcinoma (TK6) and its lung metastasis (MPTK6), were found to have lost gamma-catenin expression. TK6 lost also E-cadherin expression and membrane localization of alpha-catenin. These results suggest that: i) in vitro thyroid cell transformation is associated to a change in cadherin/catenin complexes distribution rather than to a decrease in expression; ii) in vivo transformation is associated to the loss of expression of some of these molecules likely due to tumor progression; iii) alterations in beta1 integrin subunit expression can result in changes in cadherin/catenin function thus implying that an integrin-cadherin synergy may exist in thyroid cells.