基于自由现金流的高管激励与研发投入关系研究

以2007-2010年披露研发投入且数据完整的1134家上市公司为样本,构建多元线性回归模型,实证检验了自由现金流对高管激励(长期股权激励和短期薪酬激励)与研发投入关系的中介效应.研究结果表明,长期股权激励和短期薪酬激励均与研发投入显著正相关;自由现金流不仅是长期股权激励与研发投入关系的中介变量,同时也是短期薪酬激励与研发投入关系的中介变量;高管激励、自由现金流、研发投入三者之间存在传导关系.     

政府补助、探索式创新意愿与企业市场竞争力的关系研究

基于2010—2017年的153家A股上市公司为研究样本,实证分析政府补助、探索式创新意愿与企业市场竞争力间的关系。研究表明,政府补助对企业市场竞争力有显著的正向影响;政府补助对企业的探索式创新意愿有显著的正向影响;企业的探索式创新意愿在政府补助与企业市场竞争力间存在部分中介作用。考虑到CEO心理特征在企业经营决策中的重要影响,将CEO自恋这一心理特征变量同时纳入模型,研究表明CEO自恋水平在政府补助对探索式创新意愿的关系间会起到助推作用。为政府补助的配置效率提供新的解释,也为企业选聘CEO的过程中提供积极的指导。     

股权集中度、经理人激励与技术创新选择

基于委托代理理论及技术创新理论,探讨股权集中度对企业技术创新选择的影响。以182家制造企业及高新技术企业数据为样本,利用因子分析及结构方程模型对相关假设进行检验。结果表明:(1)经理人激励在股权集中度和技术创新之间具有中介效应;(2)股权集中度和经理人短期薪酬激励呈负相关,和经理人长期薪酬激励呈正相关;(3)短期薪酬激励不利于突变创新,长期薪酬激励有利于突变创新和渐进创新。     

高管内部薪酬差距能否抑制企业风险承担?

本文针对高管团队内部薪酬差距对企业风险承担的影响进行研究,基于前景理论进行分析,当CEO和关键高管的薪酬高于团队其它成员时,遵照确定效应理论,CEO倾向于重视既得利益而规避风险。同时基于异质性理论,能力强的管理者具有风险承担能力,可以调节薪酬差距与风险承担的关系。本文利用我国2012年至2015年沪深两市A股上市公司的数据为研究样本,采用OLS回归模型进行实证研究。研究结果表明:高管内部薪酬差距与企业风险承担负相关,管理者能力能够改善高管内部薪酬差距与企业风险承担之间的负向关系。进一步研究发现,股权激励也有助于抑制管理者的风险厌恶行为。本文的研究填补了锦标赛理论的缺陷,丰富了高管内部薪酬差距与企业风险承担的研究内容,对上市公司确定高管薪酬制定和实施股权激励具有指导意义。     

股权激励创新效应研究——基于研发投入的双重角色分析

本文以2008—2016年沪深A股204家实施股权激励的上市公司为研究样本，首先从整体上实证检验股权激励与创新绩效的关系，然后从股权激励授予对象（管理层与核心员工）的视角，分析研发投入在二者股权激励与企业创新绩效之间的不同作用。结果表明，股权激励能够显著正向影响企业创新绩效，并且与管理层股权激励相比，核心员工股权激励对创新绩效的提升作用更明显；研发投入作为管理层股权激励与创新绩效之间的中介变量，其中介效应占总效应的比例为42%；在核心员工股权激励与创新绩效之间，研发投入则呈现出显著的正向调节作用。     

CEO股权激励强度对企业研发投资的影响——基于薪酬结构的视角

本文基于薪酬结构的视角,选择2009—2017年对CEO实施了股权激励且在有效期内的中国A股上市公司为研究样本,运用多种计量分析方法实证检验了CEO股权激励强度(股权激励占薪酬总额的比例)对企业研发投资的影响,并进一步分析了CEO权力对上述影响的调节作用。研究发现:①CEO股权激励强度总体上对企业研发投资具有显著的抑制效应,然而此影响仅存在于限制性股票的激励方式当中,对于股票期权而言则并不显著;②CEO权力对股权激励强度的研发投资抑制效应具有显著的缓解作用。本文研究发现表明相对于低强度的保障型股权激励计划而言,高强度的绩效型股权激励计划更不利于企业研发投资活动的开展,这一结论对中国上市公司制定和完善股权激励机制具有一定的参考价值。     

并购中的CEO薪酬操纵与企业价值

以我国上海证券交易所2008~2010年发生并购的405家收购企业为样本,研究并购中CEO薪酬操纵的行为及其价值效应。结果发现:并购中CEO权力和CEO薪酬份额(CPS)均对企业价值具有破坏作用;并购中CEO利用权力提高自身薪酬份额,破坏了企业价值,CEO薪酬份额(CPS)在CEO权力破坏企业价值的过程中起中介作用;股权集中度对CEO权力与CPS的关系具有负向调节作用,表明股权集中度有效抑制了CEO利用权力提高自身CPS的薪酬寻租行为。     

管理者薪酬契约与企业盈余管理程度关系

管理层薪酬契约是建立企业盈余管理约束机制的重要环节。本文从管理层薪酬契约的角度出发,以06年到08年间沪、深两地的上市公司为样本,采用修正的截面Jones模型计算可操控性应计利润作为盈余管理程度的代理变量,建立多元回归模型对管理层年薪和股权激励与上市公司盈余管理程度之间的关系进行了实证研究。     

高管团队薪酬激励影响创新投入的实证分析

高管团队薪酬激励是否促进了企业创新投入？本文以企业高管团队薪酬激励政策与创新研发投入行为的关系为切入点，选取A股2009-2013年3862家上市公司作为观测样本，运用倾向得分法（PSM）克服样本选择偏误和内生性问题，综合采用多种匹配方法进行实证分析。研究发现：（1）整体而言，薪酬水平差距的提高并不能提高创新研发投入，但是股权激励却能对创新研发投入有显著正相关影响。（2）主板中股权激励对创新研发投入有显著正向影响，而薪酬水平差距在主板和创业板中都没有显著效果。（3）所有制性质对薪酬水平差距的影响不显著，但在非国有上市公司中股权激励变量与创新研发投入有显著正相关关系。（4）高新技术行业企业实施股权政策显著增加了企业创新研发投入，而薪酬水平差距则没有显著效果。（5）无风险投资参与的企业较有风险投资参与的企业对创新研发投入有显著正向效果。稳健性检验证实结论是可靠的。最后提出了高管团队薪酬激励创新投资的政策含义。     

国企经营者薪酬兑现与企业绩效的实证研究

企业经营者薪酬兑现制度是激励与约束机制的重要内容,其即时性可以实现对企业经营者的短期激励,滞后性有利于经营者的长期激励和约束。本文选取我国部分国有控股制造业上市公司的经营者为研究对象,以经营者行为作为中介变量研究薪酬兑现方式与企业绩效之间的关系,研究表明:当期兑现对经营者短期导向行为有显著影响,对企业运营绩效有正向影响;延期兑现对经营者长期导向行为有显著影响,对企业成长绩效有正向影响。研究结论对于选择适合的经营者薪酬兑现时机及兑现方式提供了理论依据。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.