Effect of Cd and Sn Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AI-Si-Cu-Mg Cast Alloy

AMONG the commercial aluminum cast alloys,Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy is extensively used mainly becauseof its good castability and excellent mechanicalproperties in the heat treated condition[1,2].It isaccepted that two precipitation sequences are mainlyresponsible for the precipitation hardening ofAl-Si-Cu-Mg alloy[2-4],namely:—GP zonesphase and-*GP zonesphase.Where GPs are the Cu/MgGuinier-Preston zones,P"/9"and/9'are themetastable p h a s e s,a r e equilibrium phaserespectively.It is well …     

Cd对铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金时效过程的影响

合金元素Cd的添加促进了铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金的时效过程，提高了合金的峰时效硬度，加快了合金的硬化速度．当加入0．27％Cd时，合金的强度提高了20％；但加入量继续增大，强度反而降低．SEM，DSC和TEM分析显示，Cd加快了亚稳相的析出，较早地形成了细小而密集的亚稳相；同时，较大的富Cd相、少量稳定相和过剩硅相质点的均匀析出，对合金起到了第二相强化的作用．在这两类析出相的共同作用下，合金获得了高的峰时效强度．但当合金中Cd的含量超过0．27％时，会形成一些富Cd的多元相和纯Cd质点，这些相的出现导致了合金机械性能的下降．     

Effects of Cd and Sn on double-peak age-hardening behaviors of Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloys

The effects of trace elements Cd and Sn on precipitation process of Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloys were investigated in the present research.It is shown that the addition of Cd and Sn not only increases remarkably the aging peak hardness and reduces the time to reach aging peak,but also eliminates the double-aging-peak phenomenon which appears in Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys.In Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys the first aging peak corresponds to GP zones(especially GPⅡ) ,and the second one is caused by metastable phases.The obvious time interval of transition from GPⅡ to metastable phases associates with the double-aging-peak phenomenon.The results of DSC and TEM show that Cd/Sn elements suppress the formation of GPⅠzone,stimulate the formation of θ",θ' and θ phases,and then shorten remarkably the temperature intervals of each exothermic peak.Because the transition interval between GPⅡzone and metastable phases is shortened by Cd/Sn in Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloys,θ' phase coexists with θ" phase in matrix of ageing peak condition,which causes effective hardening on the alloys,and at the same time,eliminates the double-aging-peak phenomenon.     

Ni-CNTs增强颗粒对Sn58Bi-0.1Er焊点组织与力学性能的影响

采用真空熔炼方法制备了不同Ni-CNTs含量的Sn58Bi-0.1Er钎料合金,研究不同Ni-CNTs含量对Sn58Bi-0.1Er复合钎料在Cu 基板上的润湿性能的影响,并对不同Ni-CNTs含量下接头界面处金属间化合物的组织形貌及接头的剪切性能进行了分析. 结果表明,当Ni-CNTs 增强颗粒的添加为0.01% ~ 0.05%(质量分数)时,复合钎料合金在铜板上的润湿性得到了提高,随着Ni-CNTs含量的进一步增加,复合钎料在铜板上的润湿性开始呈下降趋势;随着Ni-CNTs的加入,Sn58Bi/Cu界面金属间化合物由锯齿状的Cu₆Sn₅转变成薄层状的(Cu, Ni)₆Sn₅, Ni-CNTs增强颗粒的加入可以有效减小界面金属间化合物层的厚度;Ni-CNTs增强颗粒的加入提高了Sn58Bi/Cu接头的剪切力,当Ni-CNTs的添加量为0.1%时,接头的剪切力最高为432.86 N,较Sn58Bi-0.1Er钎料接头的剪切力提升了两倍以上. Ni-CNTs增强颗粒的添加有效地改善了Sn58Bi-0.1Er接头的力学性能.     

铸态Mg-xSn-1Mn合金的显微组织和阻尼性能

采用光学显微镜(OM)、维氏硬度计、热动态分析仪、X射线衍射(XRD)、多功能内耗仪等,研究了Sn含量对Mg-xSn-1Mn合金显微组织、阻尼性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当Sn含量从2%增加到8%时,Mg-xSn-1Mn合金的枝晶间隙呈现细化的趋势,硬度从43.84 HV0.1增加至54.00 HV0.1,呈单调增加的趋势。应变无关阻尼随着Sn含量的增加呈现先增后减的趋势,在Sn含量为4%时达到最大,应变相关阻尼则随着Sn含量的增加呈现逐渐减小的趋势。在低温阶段,相同Sn含量的合金的阻尼随着频率的增大呈现增加的趋势;但在高温下,阻尼值在低频时的上升速率比高频时快,并随着温度的升高,低频阻尼和高频阻尼趋向于相等。当Sn含量不同时,随着温度的升高,Sn含量较高的合金的阻尼值上升速率变快。     

w(Zn)/w(Sn)对铸态Mg-Zn-Sn合金组织及性能的影响

采用金属型铸造制备了不同w(Zn)/w(Sn)的Mg-Zn-Sn(ZT)合金,研究了其铸态下的微观组织及力学性能。结果表明,当Zn和Sn质量分数总和为8%时,随着w(Zn)/w(Sn)的增加,合金晶界粗化,晶界上第二相或共晶数量增加。合金力学性能随w(Zn)/w(Sn)的增高先增加后降低,其中w(Zn)/w(Sn)为5/3时合金强度最高,抗压强度为296MPa,w(Zn)/w(Sn)为3/5时,合金压缩率最高,为21.5%。此外,还分析了Zn、Sn及w(Zn)/w(Sn)对Mg-Zn-Sn合金强度和塑性的影响机制。     

Effects of calcium addition on as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy

The effects of Ca addition on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg-5Zn-5Sn (mass fraction,%) alloy were investigated.The results indicate that an addition of 0.5%-1.5% (mass fraction) Ca to the Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy not only refines the as-cast microstructure of the alloy but also causes the formation of the primary and/or eutectic CaMgSn phases with high thermal stability;an increase in Ca amount from 0.5% to 1.5% (mass fraction) increases the amount and size of the CaMgSn phase.In addition,Ca addition to the Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy improves not only the tensile properties at room temperature and 150 ℃ but also the creep properties.Among the Ca-containing Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloys,the one added 0.5% (mass fraction) Ca obtains the optimum ultimate tensile strength and elongation at room temperature and 150 ℃,however,the alloy added 1.5% (mass fraction) Ca exhibits the optimum yield strength and creep properties.     

Effects of Solution Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-16.9Si-4.5Cu-0.15Mg Alloy

In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy under different solution conditions were investigated by optical metallographic and mechanical property test. The results show that the cast alloys were composed of α-Al, primary Si, eutectic Si, Al2Cu and Al7Cu2Fe phases. Three changes took place during solution treatment: Firstly, with the increase of solution temperature and the solution holding time extension, more and more Al2Cu phase was dissolved into the matrix; Secondly, with the increase of solution temperature and the solution holding time extension, morphology of eutectic Si, Al7Cu2Fe and other insoluble phases changed into more round; Thirdly, at the fixed solution temperature, if the solution time extended too long, it would cause grains, eutectic Si and other insoluble phases aggregated and coarsened. About mechanical properties, when the solution time was fixed, the hardness, tensile strength and the yield strength of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy treated by T6 enhanced while the solution temperature increasing, and when the solution temperature was fixed, the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy treated by T6 increased at first and then decreased while the solution time increasing, but the hardness of the alloys affected less by the solution time.     

氧化硅气凝胶对Al-4Cu-0.1Sn合金组织与性能的影响

采用铸造、冷轧和T6热处理制备了SiO₂气凝胶(SA)增强铝基复合材料。研究了SA含量对Al-4Cu-0.1Sn合金显微组织(铸态与冷轧T6态)与力学性能的影响。结果表明,SA能有效地加入到Al-4Cu-0.1Sn合金中,并以球状形式均匀的分布在晶粒内部。铸态下,随着SA含量的增加,合金的显微硬度呈上升趋势。当SA含量为0.02%时,合金平均硬度(HV)达到最高85,相对于未添加SA的合金提升了49%,但铸态下添加SA的合金拉伸性能略微下降;冷轧T6态下,当SA含量为0.02%时,合金硬度(HV)为138。随着SA增加,合金的屈服强度与抗拉强度先升高后降低,当SA含量为0.04%时,合金屈服强度达到320 MPa,抗拉强度达到401MPa,相比于未添加SA的合金提升了10.3%和10.7%。添加SA能够提高铸态Al-4Cu-0.1Sn合金硬度的机理是其细化了铸态合金的晶粒,并使晶界处第二相由粗大的骨骼状变成细小的非连续状。添加SA提高冷轧T6态强度的机理是细化了Al₂Cu相并消除了Al₇Cu₂Fe相。     

添加元素Sn,Cu对Zn-Al钎料组织性能的影响

向Zn-10Al基体中添加元素Cu,采用真空炉VF-1600M、金相显微镜、岛津AG-125KN精密万能材料试验机等,研究了Cu元素对Zn-Al钎料合金的熔化特性、润湿性能、金相组织以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着Cu元素的增加,钎料的熔点呈先下降后上升的趋势,在铜添加量为4%(质量分数)时,熔点最低;在铜添加量为5%时,润湿性能优良,钎料晶粒最细小,抗拉强度最好;当铜添加量继续增大时,其润湿性能下降,钎料晶粒变大,抗拉强度降低。其次研究了Sn元素的添加量对Zn-10Al-5Cu钎料性能的影响。结果表明,当Sn添加量达到3%时,其抗拉强度良好,钎料的熔化温度降低,在Cu上的润湿性能良好。当锡添加量进一步增加时,钎料合金的的润湿性能降低,基本不铺展。试验得到的Zn-10Al-5Cu-3Sn为性能较为优良的铝/铜钎焊用钎料。     

微量Sr、Sn对Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn合金力学和腐蚀性能的影响

目的研究Sr、Sn元素对快速凝固制备的Mg ZnCaMn合金室温力学性能和生物腐蚀性能的影响规律。方法采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、差热分析仪、万能力学实验机、静态浸泡、电化学测试等实验手段,分别研究添加Sr/Sn元素对MgZnCaMn合金结构、微观组织变化、热学性能、室温强度、塑性变形及体外降解行为的影响。结果添加Sr元素后,MgZnCaMn合金中的非晶相数量增加,尤其是Mg64.7Zn30Ca4Mn0.8Sr0.5合金浸泡析氢量显著降低,自腐蚀电流密度为1.61×10~(-4)A/cm~2,平均腐蚀速率为0.35 mm/a,抗压强度为621MPa,塑性压缩应变为0.8%。添加Sn元素后,MgZnCaMn合金中的非晶相近乎完全消失,合金组织中主要为雪花状的Mg2Sn相及MnZn13相,合金的析氢量无显著变化,其与Mg65.2Zn30Ca4Mn0.8合金的自腐蚀电流密度皆在10~(-4)数量级,其抗压强度为412 MPa,压缩塑性应变为1.6%。结论添加Sr元素可以提高MgZnCaMn合金的非晶形成能力,增加非晶相体积分数,同时提升了合金的强度和腐蚀性能。添加Sn元素则降低了MgZnCaMn合金的非晶形成能力,合金主要由延性相构成,其室温塑性得到明显改善,与初始合金相比,耐蚀性略有降低,但仍然优于常规的生物医用镁合金(如高纯镁、Mg-Zn-Ca等),具有较好的耐蚀性。     

锡对烧结钕铁硼合金热处理行为的影响

研究了Sn，Al，Dy等元素对烧结钕铁硼合金热处理行为的影响。发现Dy和Al的影响很小，含Dy和Al的钕铁硼合金，其热处理行为与三元钕铁硼类似；而Sn对该合金的热处理行为有重大影响。添加少量Sn(约0.1%)就能使合金热处理温度范围变宽，且获得最佳性能的热处理温度移向高温。但是含Sn合金在525～625?℃回火，矫顽力反而比回火前低。X射线衍射发现，这样的合金有明显的α-Fe衍射峰出现。实验表明，仅用晶粒表面光滑化不足以解释合金的热处理行为，还应考虑亚稳相转变对热处理行为的影响。在优化热处理工艺条件下，制得(BH)max=223.7kJ/m3,Hci＞2.11MA/m的Nd27Dy6Fe65.35Al0.4B1.1Sn0.15合金。     

Sn对Mg-6Al-1.2Y-0.9Nd镁合金组织和性能的影响

采用XRD、OM、SEM和EDS等手段研究Sn对Mg-6Al-1.2Y-0.9Nd合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明, Sn可以显著提高合金从室温到175 ℃区间的抗拉强度,当Sn含量为1%时,镁合金在室温和175 ℃时抗拉强度达到最大值,分别为242和192 MPa,合全的拉伸断口为具有塑性特征的准解理断裂。 Sn的加入使合金的显微组织得到明显细化,并出现高熔点Mg2Sn合金相。合金力学性能的提高主要是由于细晶强化、弥散强化和固溶强化。     

微量稀土镧钕对Bi5Sb8Sn力学性能影响

通过在Bi5Sb8Sn基体钎料上添加微量稀土镧钕形成Bi5Sb8SnRE新型钎料合金,研究了稀土镧钕对钎料合金力学性能的影响,同时对显微组织进行了分析.结果表明,稀土镧钕含量为0.2%时,Bi5Sb8SnRE合金抗拉强度和抗剪强度达到最大值,分别为58.30 MPa和15.50 MPa,合金抗拉强度和钎焊接头的抗剪强度较基体钎料Bi5Sb8Sn分别提高了44.2%和57.0%.显微组织分析表明,微量稀土镧钕的添加能显著细化该钎料的合金组织,改善合金的组织分布,提高钎料的力学性能;但当稀土含量超过0.2%时,稀土化合物的数量增多,钎料的力学性能下降.     

Void formation and alloy enrichment during anodizing of aluminium alloys containing cadmium, indium and tin

The formation of voids at the alloy/anodic film interface and the enrichments of alloying elements in a thin alloy layer immediately beneath the anodic film as a consequence of anodizing have been examined for Al-0.28 at.% In alloy and Al-0.5 at.% Cu alloys containing 0.11 at.% Cd, 0.07 at.% In or 0.27 at.% Sn. Fine voids are formed for the indium- and tin-containing alloys for the selected conditions of anodizing, which is suggested to be associated with the relatively low Pilling–Bedworth ratios of the alloying element oxides incorporated into the anodic films. Thus, the formation of voids is dependent upon oxidation of the alloying element. Consequently, no voids were resolved for the cadmium-containing alloy for which limited or no oxidation of cadmium occurred. The enrichment of the binary alloy was equivalent to 3.5 at.% In, with enrichments of the ternary alloys to the ranges 11–16 at.% Cu and 2–7 at.% Cd, In or Sn respectively, for an assumed 2 nm thick enriched layer.     

RE对微连接用SnAgCuRE钎料合金组织及性能的影响

以Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu系钎料合金为基础,添加少量的RE,研究RE添加量对合金组织、力学及物理性能的影响,以确定最佳RE添加量。     

机械球磨Mg2Ni0．95Sn0．05＋x％Ni非晶复合物的微结构和电化学性能

用机械球磨法合成了Mg2Ni0．95Sn0．05＋x％Ni（质量分数，x=25，50，75，100，125）非晶复合物，研究了其微结构和电化学性能。微结构分析表明，不添加Ni粉的Mg2Ni0．95Sn0．05合金经100h球磨后仍然难以形成非晶结构，加入镍粉有助于非晶结构的形成。电化学研究表明，铸态最大放电容量仅为16mAh／g，球磨100h后容量改善不明显；加入Ni粉球磨后，容量大幅上升，随着Ni添加量的增加，复合物最大放电容量先增后减，在x=75时达到最大值625.6mAh／g。把x=50时的复合物，延长球磨时间t，复合物最大放电容量提高，当t=200h时达到670mAh／g。     

La和Ag对石油钻杆用Weldalite049铝合金热稳定性的影响

通过对Weldalite049铝合金挤压棒材采用T6峰时效处理,利用SEM、TEM及拉伸性能检测,研究稀土元素La和Ag的不同配比在热处理后以及不同的热暴露条件下对Weldalite049铝合金石油钻杆的显微组织和拉伸性能的影响。其目的是研究在满足力学要求的前提下,用少量稀土La替代价格较高Ag的方法。实验结果表明,用0.05wt.%La取代0.2wt.%Ag的049合金经T6处理后其抗拉强度为615.5MPa,高于Weldalite049合金611.1MPa的抗拉强度;添加0.1wt.%La而无Ag的049合金在175℃/60h的热暴露条件下的力学性能仍能保持在一个较高的水平(σ_b≥530MPa、σ_0.2≥480MPa、δ≥7％)。     

Zn-Mg-Ti中间合金对纯镁组织及性能的影响

本文通过模铸法制备了一种Zn-Mg-Ti中间合金,并研究分析了Zn-Mg-Ti中间合金对纯镁显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：中间合金主要由基体及“花朵状”Zn-Mg-Ti三元相组成。Zn-Mg-Ti中间合金对纯镁的晶粒组织有显著影响,镁合金晶粒尺寸随中间合金添加量的增大先减小后增大,当中间合金添加量为8%时,镁合金晶粒尺寸最小。镁合金晶粒细化主要归因于Ti原子在固液界面前沿偏聚,造成成分过冷,抑制晶粒长大。对比Mg-6.4wt.%Zn合金和Mg-8（Mg+8wt.%Zn-Mg-Ti中间合金）合金微观组织,发现Ti元素不仅能显著细化Mg-Zn合金晶粒尺寸,而且能够促进M-8合金中的第二相固溶于基体中。挤压态合金力学性能测试结果表明镁合金力学性能随Zn-Mg-Ti中间合金添加量增加先增大后减小,当中间合金添加量为8%时,镁合金综合力学性能最佳,其抗拉强度和延伸率分别为308MPa和21.5%。     

Sn对ZM61合金组织与性能的影响

通过光学金相(OM),扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)等分析方法,研究不同Sn含量对Mg-6Zn-1Mn(ZM61)合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,并初步探讨Sn元素在镁合金中的存在形式和作用机理。结果表明:Sn元素在ZM61合金中主要以Mg2Sn相存在;Sn元素不仅可以改善合金的铸造性能,所形成弥散的Mg2Sn相颗粒还可以明显的细化晶粒改善组织,提高合金的力学性能,其中经440℃,2h+90℃,24h+180℃,8h双级时效处理的ZM61-4Sn合金具有最佳的综合力学性能,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率分别为358MPa、374MPa和4.6%;Sn的加入不会改变合金的断裂机制,但是粗大的Mg2Sn粒子会成为裂纹源,从而降低合金的塑性,所以Sn含量不宜过高,不大于4%较为合适。