Über die «absoluten» Bewegungen der Milchstrasse und der nächsten Spiralnebel

Summary (1) The milky way is moving absolutely (relative to the light-ether) with a velocity of at least 600 km/s in the direction of the absolute movement of the earth (A=78°,D=+40°).(2) The point of symmetry of the absolute velocities of the spirals is situated about 1,120,000 parsec from the milky way in the direction of the antapex of his absolute movement, and it has taken 1·83 milliards of years for the milky way to cross this distance.(3) Probably the next spirals are forming with the milky way as a center a group with a common parallel movement like that one of the milky way.     

Defensive steroids from a carrion beetle (Silpha americana)

Summary The defensive anal effluent discharged bySilpha americana in response to disturbance contains a mixture of steroids stemming from a glandular annex of the rectum. The compounds have been characterized as 15-hydroxyprogesterone (1, principal component), 5-pregnan-15-ol-3, 20-dione (2), 5-pregnan-3, 15-diol-20-one (3), 5-pregnan-7, 15-diol-3,20-dione (4), 5-pregnan-3, 7, 15-triol-20-one (5), 5-pregnan-16-ol-3,20-dione (6), and 5-pregnan-3, 16-diol-20-one (7), none previously found in insects. Bioassays with jumping spiders showed compounds1 and6 to be feeding deterrents at the 1 g level.Paper No. 78 of the series: Defense Mechanisms of Arthropods. Study supported by NIH (Grants AI-02908, AI-12020). We thank Maura Malarcher and Maria Eisner for excellent technical help, and the Squibb Institute of Medical Research for samples of authentic reference compounds.     

Comparative analysis of human milk and human blood plasma by means of diffusion-in-gel methods

Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe von Immunoelektrophorese und Doppeldiffusiontechnik wurden in Humanmilch an Blutplasmaproteinen serologisch identifiziert: Praealbumin, Albumin, Acid Seromucoid, ₁-Glykoprotein (3·5 S), Coeruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, ₂- oder-Lipoprotein, Transferrin, Fibrinogen, _2A-Globulin, _2M-Globulin und-Globulin.     

Induced seed protein mutant of barley

. 51%. () 29% 9% - . .

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Seed samples may be obtained upon application toH. Doll.     

Synthesis and pharmacological properties of [1-N4-dimethyl-asparagine]-angiotensin II

Summary [1-N⁴-Dimethyl-asparagine]-angiotensin II was synthesized by Merrifield's solid-phase procedure. The analogue gave rat blood pressure about 70% relative potency to Hypertensin (Ciba). Rabbit aorta strips gave intrinsic activity _E=1, a PD₂ of 6.92±0.09 and an affinity relative to [Asn¹]-angiotensin II of 6.5%.The editors do not hold themselves responsible for the opinions expressed in the authors' brief reports. — Les auteurs sont seuls responsables des opinions exprimées dans ces brèves communications. — Für die Kurzmitteilungen ist ausschliesslich der Autor verantwortlich. — Per le brevi comunicazioni è responsabile solo l'autore. — . — Solo los autores son responsables de las opiniones expresadas en estas comunicationes breves.Acknowledgment. The authors wish to express their appreciation to Dr Emanuel Escher, School of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Sherbrooke, Quebec, for his help in providing the biological data and critical comments.     

G-protein signaling: back to the future

Heterotrimeric G-proteins are intracellular partners of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs act on inactive G·GDP/G heterotrimers to promote GDP release and GTP binding, resulting in liberation of G from G. G·GTP and G target effectors including adenylyl cyclases, phospholipases and ion channels. Signaling is terminated by intrinsic GTPase activity of G and heterotrimer reformation – a cycle accelerated by regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS proteins). Recent studies have identified several unconventional G-protein signaling pathways that diverge from this standard model. Whereas phospholipase C (PLC) is activated by G_q and G, novel PLC isoforms are regulated by both heterotrimeric and Ras-superfamily G-proteins. An Arabidopsis protein has been discovered containing both GPCR and RGS domains within the same protein. Most surprisingly, a receptor-independent G nucleotide cycle that regulates cell division has been delineated in both Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we revisit classical heterotrimeric G-protein signaling and explore these new, non-canonical G-protein signaling pathways.Received 21 October 2004; received after revision 20 November 2004; accepted 30 November 2004     

Ein neues Verfahren zur Herstellung von 19-Norsteroiden

Summary The new methods for the production of 19-norsteroids described involve the conversion of 5-halogen-6-hydroxy-steroids into the corresponding 5-halogen-6:19-ethers either with lead tetraacetate or by the hypoiodite reaction^8,10. The 6:19-oxygen bridge is then opened reductively either directly or after oxidation of the 6:19-ethers to lactones or preferably after introduction of a ^4,6-3-oxo grouping. Acylolytic cleavage of the ⁴-3-oxo-6:19-ethers followed by alkaline hydrolysis gives ^4,6-3-oxo-19-hydroxy-steroids. The 19-hydroxycompounds formed are easily converted into 19-norsteroids by known methods.

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Über Steroide, 189. (vorläufige) Mitteilung; 188. Mitt. vgl.J. Kalvoda, J. Schmidlin, G. Anner undA. Wettstein, Exper.18, 398 (1962).     

Influence du rang de ponte dans la transmission du caractèreatrophie gonadique chezDrosophila melanogaster

Summary Gonadal atrophy (atrophie gonadique, ag) is a hereditary character of variable expression and penetrance inDrosophila melanogaster, the penetrance of which varies with temperature but also with the rank order of eggs produced. It is shown that early zygotes are more often affected than late zygotes who not only, but also transmit the character more efficiently to their offspring.     

Potential juvenile hormone analogues containing piperidine ring: Synthesis and biological assay on insects

Summary Some compounds containing piperidine rings have been synthesized, and submitted to biological tests on insects for their hormonal activity on pupae ofTenebrio molitor L. andBombyx mori L. Some of them display a hormoneanalogue or toxic activity.The editors do not hold themselves responsible for the opinions expressed in the authors' brief reports. — Les auteurs sont seuls responsables des opinions exprimées dans ces brèves communications. — Für die Kurzmitteilungen ist ausschliesslich der Autor verantwortlich. — Per le brevi comunicazioni è responsabile solo l'autore. — . — Solo los autores son responsables de las opiniones expresadas en estas comunicationes breves.This research has been supported by the Italian National Research Council (CNR) special ad hoc program Fitofarmaci e Fitoregolatori, Subproject. 7.Acknowledgments. We thank Prof. G. Jommi for helpful discussions related to this and previous articles on the same subject.     

17β-Hydroxymethyl-Steroide: Darstellung von Derivaten des 17α-Hydroxy-17β-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-ons

Summary Starting from 17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one, we synthesized 4-chloro-17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one-17, 20-acetonide and 17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-1, 4-androstadien-3-one. 11, 17-dihydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one was obtained from cortisone via methyl-17-hydroxy-3, 11-dioxo-4-etienate.     

Cytogénétique desLeggada: (1) La formule chromosomique deMus (Leggada)bufo Th., (2) Nouvelles données sur la délétion portant sur le bras court d'unX chezMus (Leggada)triton Th

Summary The author treats 2 topics connected with his studies on the cytogenetics of the African pigmy-mice. (1)Mus (Leggada) bufo Th. shows the primitive complement already detected in other species or subspecies (minutoides ssp ₁,indutus, tenellus, setulosus): 2N=36,N.F.=36, sex chromosomesPR. (2) The deletion of the short arm of oneX-chromosome (X _dc ) was previously observed as heterozygous mutation by 4 in a sample of 7 and 5 . A more important sample (18 , 21 ) gives the following results: 11 X-X, 10 X-X _dc , 18 X-Y. The occurrence of X _dc -X _dc and of X _dc -Y is also very improbable. It is not easy to understand how the chromosomeX _dc may persist in the population if the complementsX _dc -X _dc andX _dc -Y are lethal, which seems to result from these observations.     

Dissociation constants of the complexes between RNA-polymerase II and amanitins

Riassunto Sono state calcolate le costanti di dissociazione dei complessi fra la RNA-polimerasi II e la metil--amanitina, la -amanitina e la metil-aldoamanitina. La K _d è risultata essere 3.6×10^–9 M per la metil--amanitina e 3.2×10^–9 M per la -amanitina. La metil-aldoamanitina non si lega all'enzima.     

Variations de l'activité des auxines-oxydases dans les racines duLens

Summary 2, 4-dichlorophenol (DCP), 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and 2, 4-dinitro-o-cresol (DNC) applied at a concentration of 1.10^–7 to 1.10^–3 M, produce a dramatic increase in IAA-oxidase activity in young cells ofLens root. IAA destruction by breis from root tissues was inhibited by Mn⁺⁺ ion at low concentrations of DCP (1·10^– to 1.10^–7 M), but was enhanced by Mn⁺⁺ ion at higher (1.10^–5 to 1.10^–3 M) DCP levels.

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Ce travail a pu être entreprise grâce à l'appui duFonds national suisse pour la Recherche scientifique.     

G-band patterns as chromosomal markers,and the interpretation of chromosomal evolution in wild sheep (Ovis)

- . Ovis musimon (2n=54) O. orientalis (2n=54) - - -O. canadensis mexicana (2n=54) O. musimon x O. canadensis ₁₂ - . ₂ 27 . - .

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Supported by National Science Foundation Grant no. GB 32114X and the Sprague Foundation. We thank Dr. T. C. Hsu for assistance in making the chromosome preparations and for advice and encouragement. The Trustees of the Rachelwood Wildlife Research Preserve generously allowed the biopsy of specimens of their custody. Mr.Arthur Popham kindly provided the specimens from Iran while Dr.R. M. Robinson obtained biopsies from the desert sheep.     

Unterschiedliche Empfindlichkeit verschiedener Angiotensinderivate gegen Abbau durch Plasma oder Nierenhomogenat

Summary -Asp¹-Angiotensin II had a more pronounced action on the blood pressure of nephrectomized rats than the corresponding-compound.-Asp¹-Angiotensins were more slowly destroyed by rat serum, rat kidney homogenate, and human plasma than-compounds, especially-Asp¹-Angiotensin II amide.     

Effect of genome size andrrn gene copy numbers of PCR amplification products of 16S rRNA genes from mixed bacterial species

Results and conclusion As determined by image analysis of SYBR green-stained amplification products the experimentally determined ratio corresponded well with the expected ratio calculated from the number ofrrn genes per equimolar amount of DNA in mixtures containing DNA ofEscherichia coli and Thermus thermophilus and DNA ofPseudomonas aeruginosa and T. thermophilus. The values for the pairBacillus subtilis and T. thermophilus showed higher deviation from the predicted value. The dependence of the amount of 16S rDNA amplification products on these two parameters makes it impossible to quantify the number of species present in 16S rDNA clone library of an environmental sample, as long as these two parameters are unknown for these species.     

Chromosomes and some issues of the evolution of the ground squirrel genusCitellus (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

Citellus (s. str.) relictus, C. dauricus C. pygmaeus (2=36, NF=72). . (Colobotis) erythrogenys . fulvus -. . (Urocitellus) undulatus (2n=32, NF=64) . columbianus. Citellus, , Citellus, . , .     

Interaction of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate with yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

1--8- () -3- () . []:[]<10:1 140 000 3±1 5×10^–5 . , i 5×10^–5 –6×10^–5 M. , .     

The effect of chloramphenicol analogs on protein biosynthesis in a cell-freeEscherichia coli B system

a aaa a aa aa a a E. coli aa, a aa aa a , a a aa - a .

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Laboratory of Biological Investigations.

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Laboratory for Chemistry of Antibiotics.     

Fucosidases du suc digestif d'Helix pomatia

Summary The-d-fucosidase and -l-fucosidase activities of digestive juice ofHelix pomatia have been studied.-d-fucosidase can be separated from-d-galactosidase by heat inactivation.