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目的探讨能量限制(CR)对APP/PS1双转基因大鼠脑内Aβ的影响,并探讨其可能的机制。方法将24只5月龄APP/PS1双转基因痴呆大鼠随机分为对照组、CR-1组、CR-2组,分别给予自由进食、正常进食量的80%及70%饲养4w,通过Morris水迷宫测试认知能力及免疫组织化学染色观察脑内Aβ阳性细胞数。结果在Morris水迷宫测试在定位航行实验第5天,CR-2组大鼠的逃避潜伏期较对照组明显缩短(P0.05),穿越平台次数明显增多(P0.05);而CR-1组较对照组无显著差异(P0.05)。CR-2组海马区的Aβ阳性细胞数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而CR-1组较对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 70%的CR可以改善APP/PS1双转基因大鼠的认知能力,其机制可能与减少大鼠脑内Aβ的沉积有关。  相似文献   

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阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)是成人痴呆症中最常见的一种,其中约105为显性遗传的家族性阿尔茨海默病(familial Alzheimer disease,FAD)。自从Sherrington首次报道早老素-1(presenilin-1,PS-1),并随后发现另1条与它高度同源的基因早老素-2(PS-2)以及药50%-80%FAD与它们突变有关以来,老素(PS)已成为AD研究的热点。但迄今为止,PS的功能尚不清楚。越来越多的语气表明,PS-1参与notch、wnt信息传导途径的调节,并藉此在AD发病中起重作用。  相似文献   

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目的 探讨早老素-1(presenilin-1,PS-1)Val97Leu位点突变对家族性Alzheimer病SH-SY5Y细胞Aβ42产生的影响.方法采用一步法定点突变技术,由含有野生型(wild type,wt)PS-1的pcDNA3.1/Zeo(+)质粒合成携带有突变位点Val97Leu的突变型(mutation type,mt)PS-1质粒并转染至神经母细胞瘤细胞系SH-SY5Y细胞中,筛选出稳定表达的细胞系.用ELISA法和放射免疫法来检测培养基及胞浆中Aβ42和总Aβ含量;同时检测APP及BACE表达水平的变化.结果48小时,转染突变PS-1基因的细胞,细胞内和细胞外Aβ42的含量较24小时有显著提高,且相对未转染、wt和mock转染的细胞也有显著提高,而各组间总Aβ的含量变化无明显差异.APP及BACE的表达水平各组间也无明显差异.结论 此中国人阿尔茨海默病家系中发现的PS-1基因Val97Leu突变为一新的突变位点,可选择性引起细胞内外Aβ42的增高,因此认为是一病理性突变.  相似文献   

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β 淀粉样蛋白 (Aβ)在阿尔茨海默病 (AD)发病过程中起关键作用已被研究证实。本研究应用Aβ在海马神经元表达的转 β 淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白 (APP C10 0 )基因小鼠 ,转入铜 /锌超氧化物歧化酶 (G93ASOD1)基因来探讨SOD1基因表达对Aβ代谢的影响。对象和方法 :转APP C10 0基因鼠和转G93ASOD1基因鼠通过杂交育种产生四种基因型小鼠 ,用SouthernBlot确认APP C10 0基因和聚合酶链反应确认G93ASOD1基因的存在。年轻 (2~ 3个月龄 )和年长 (8~ 9个月龄 )的转双基因雄性杂合子小鼠各 4只作为研究组 …  相似文献   

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目的 观察老年斑和铁在阿尔茨海默病(AD)转基因小鼠脑内皮质和海马处的沉积及其对磁共振活体扫描T2弛豫时间的影响.方法 2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16月龄的AD转基因小鼠各2只,分为幼龄组、成龄组和老龄组,8月龄野生型C57BL/6J小鼠2只作为对照,依次进行磁共振活体扫描,测量皮质、海马、丘脑、胼胝体、纹状体等结构的T2弛豫时间,扫描完成后,进行铁和老年斑的组织学染色,计算皮质和海马处老年斑的数目及含量、铁颗粒的数目及含量.结果 各组皮质及海马T2弛豫时间(ms)分别为:野生组:49.5±2.1、51.6±1.1;幼龄组(2、4月龄):49.7±0.5、50.7±0.7;成龄组(6、8、10月龄):47.2±0.8、47.7±0.9;老龄组(12、14、16月龄):44.6±0.8、45.3±0.4.各组皮质及海马T2弛豫时间差异有统计学意义(皮质F=18.620,海马F=67.925,均P<0.01).组间比较示成龄组较幼龄组(皮质q=4.284,海马q=7.902;均P<0.01)及野生组(皮质q=4.424,P<0.05,海马q=11.450,P<0.01)小鼠皮质及海马T2弛豫时间缩短;而老龄组较成龄组小鼠皮质及海马T2弛豫时间缩短(皮质q=4.812,海马q=7.034,均P<0.01).组织学染色示4月龄转基因小鼠皮质和海马开始出现老年斑的沉积,6月龄开始出现铁的沉积,并且随着小鼠月龄的增加,皮质和海马处老年斑和铁的数目及含量均明显增加.老年斑和铁的沉积具有明显的正相关(r=0.931,P<0.01),老年斑的含量、铁的含量与T2弛豫时间均具有明显的负相关(分别r=-0.884、-0.827,均P<0.01).结论 老年斑和铁的沉积可能共同影响T2弛豫时间,提示T2弛豫时间可以作为早期诊断AD和抗痴呆药物筛选的一个敏感性指标.  相似文献   

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目的探讨Cu/Zn SOD1基因表达对Aβ产生的影响.方法建立APP-C100和G93A SOD1基因共表达的转双基因小鼠,应用免疫细胞化学方法测定不同鼠龄转基因鼠海马神经元Aβ表达,Westem blot定量测定转基因鼠脑SCD1、APP、APP-C100和Aβ表达水平.结果低龄转双基因鼠与转单基因鼠之间Aβ水平无差异,与年龄匹配的转单基因鼠比较,高龄转双基因鼠脑Aβ水平升高,经统计处理差异无显著性意义(P>O.05).但高龄转双基因鼠Aβ水平比低龄转双基因鼠明显升高(P<0.05).结论转双基因鼠脑APP-C100和G93A SOD1基因共表达虽然未导致老年斑形成,但引起Aβ含量增加,推测其机制可能与SOD1基因突变子引起的氧化应激反应有关.  相似文献   

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脑内β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)的清除主要包括细胞外降解、细胞内吞和外流转运。Aβ降解酶包括neprilysin、内皮素转化酶、胰岛素降解酶、血管紧张索转换酶、纤溶酶和基质金属蛋白酶-9等。细胞内吞由低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白和清道夫受体介导。转运清除包括血脑屏障转运和非特异性脑间质液泵流清除。针对上述三种清除途径,出现了以此为切入点的三种新的阿尔茨海默病治疗策略,包括上调Aβ降解酶基因表达或增加其活性以及促进细胞内吞清除和外流转运等干预措施。  相似文献   

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线粒体相关性β淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)和线粒体相关性β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)正逐渐成为研究阿尔茨海默病(AD)病理生理学改变的热点。线粒体相关性APP和线粒体相关性Aβ是指以线粒体为特异性靶点,存在于线粒体膜上或沉积于线粒体基质内的APP和Aβ。文中将分别介绍线粒体相关性APP和线粒体相关性Aβ的来源、结构、功能等方面的研究进展,揭示其与AD发病的密切关系。  相似文献   

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目的研究β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)多肽对阿尔茨海默病(AD)转基因果蝇大脑中胆碱神能经元突触的影响。方法分别建立转Aβ40,Aβ42基因果蝇AD两个模型组,以野生果蝇(canton-s)作为对照组。采用生物素染色和激光共聚焦成像记录投射神经元的形态;通过全细胞膜片钳方法记录各组投射神经元胆碱能的自发突触后电流和微兴奋性突触后电流;检测各组果蝇的嗅觉短期记忆能力。结果与对照组相比较,Aβ42组的自发突触后电流的频率和振幅均有明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05);Aβ42组微兴奋性突触后电流的频率明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。在巴甫洛夫的嗅觉相关的短期学习记忆测试中,与对照组相比较,Aβ40,Aβ42两组果蝇学习记忆指数均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P均〈0.05)。结论 Aβ肽对胆碱能突触传递的影响提示,其可能是由Aβ肽引起胆碱能神经元变性和记忆不断下降的可能机制之一。  相似文献   

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目的 探讨丙戊酸钠 (valproic acid sodium salt,VPA)处理对淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白(β-amyloid precursor protein,APP)/早老素1(presenilin1,PS1)双重转基因阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)模型小鼠是否发挥神经保护作用.方法 对APP/PS1双重转基因AD模型种鼠交配后产下的子代进行基因分型,运用VPA 30 mg/(kg·d)和等量生理盐水腹腔注射APP/PS1双重转基因小鼠4周.药物处理后采用免疫组化、甲硫素S染色检测VPA对老年斑(senile plapues,SP)的影响,用Nissl染色、Tunel染色观察脑内神经元的变化,并采用ELISA定量检测小鼠脑内β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloid β peptide,Aβ)水平.结果 免疫组化及甲硫素S染色结果显示:VPA治疗组较生理盐水组的小鼠大脑皮质及海马区域的老年斑数量明显减少(t = 7.78,P < 0.01).Nissl染色发现VPA治疗组小鼠皮质及海马内的神经元数目较生理盐水组增加;Tunel染色显示VPA治疗组小鼠脑内凋亡神经元明显减少(t = 5.95,P < 0.01);ELISA结果提示VPA治疗组小鼠脑内Aβ40(t = 4.23,P < 0.01)和Aβ42(t = 7.51,P < 0.01)水平显著低于对照组.结论 VPA处理能显著减少AD模型小鼠减少脑内Aβ的沉积和老年斑的形成,通过减少神经元的凋亡来增加神经元的数量.  相似文献   

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Summary Amyloid fibrils and senile plaques in brains with Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia and Down's syndrome were examined by light and electron microscopy. In addition, replicas of amyloid fibrils, made by a quick freezing method from a brain with Down's syndrome, were examined. All amyloid masses forming the cores of senile plaques consisted of numerous amyloid fibrils spreading from the walls of small blood vessels to the surrounding parenchyma. The amyloid fibrils ran in various directions, forming bundle-like groups in a geometrical array. They appeared as rods with hollow structures consisting of an array of globular units in the replicas, while they showed bead-like structure in the tissue specimens of 500-nm thick sections. The ultrastructure of replicas reveals a new finding on the structure of amyloid fibrils in the human brain.  相似文献   

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目的 探讨淀粉样β-蛋白(β/A_4)基因突变与Alzheimer病(AD)的关系。方法 运用限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)和单链构象多态性(SSCP),检测分析20例散发性AD患者和8例正常老年人的淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)基因16、17外显子的多态性。结果 AD患者和正常对照的β/A_4基因均未发现C→T突变及其它异常SSCP泳动变位。结论 APP基因β/A_4编码区突变不是一突变“热点”,在AD不具有普遍意义。  相似文献   

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The distribution of amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) in canine brain was investigated. By immunoblot analysis, APP-positive bands corresponding to proteins of 105–120 kilodalton were recognized in all canine brains regardless of the individual age of the dogs. Bands of similar molecular mass were also detected in the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and several visceral organs. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using cryostat and paraffin-embedded sections pretreated with formic acid or by the hydrated autoclave method. In the normal canine brain, APP was found to be distributed in the neurons and vascular system. In the brains with SP, obvious accumulation of APP was observed in swollen neurites within amyloid plaques, although the relationship between APP and diffuse plaques was unclear. APP accumulation in swollen axons was also seen around necrotic foci in the brain of one dog with necrotizing purulent encephalitis. These studies revealed the distribution of APP in canine tissues, especially in the brain, and the accumulation of APP in swollen neurites or axons.  相似文献   

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目的研究尼古丁对β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)细胞毒性的拮抗作用及与β-淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)代谢之间的关系。方法不同浓度的尼古丁分别单独或与Aβ25~35同时作用于PC12细胞24h,然后采用MTT法检测细胞活力;WesternBlot法检测PC12细胞上清液中的可溶性β-淀粉样前体蛋白α片段(sAPPα)和细胞内胰岛素降解酶的表达水平。结果(1)尼古丁浓度于0.10~500μmol/L时,对PC12细胞无明显毒性作用(均P〉0.05),当浓度升至1000μmol/L时则产生一定的毒性作用(P≤0.05);Aβ25~35浓度于1~100μmol/L时对PC12细胞具有明显毒性作用(均P≤0.01),Aβ25~35浓度降至0.10μmol/L时则失去其毒性作用(P〉0.05)。(2)尼古丁浓度于0.10~1000μmol/L时,对Aβ25~35诱导的细胞毒性呈现不同的作用:尼古丁浓度于0.10~100μmol/L时可部分拮抗Aβ25~35诱导的细胞毒性作用(均P〈0.01),但不能使PC12细胞活力恢复至正常细胞水平(均P〈0.01);而当尼古丁浓度于500μmol/L和1000μmol/L时则不产生拮抗Aβ25~35诱导的细胞毒性作用(均P〉0.05)。(3)Aβ25~35(20μmol/L)和尼古丁(100μmol/L,1000μmol/L)单独或联合作用均可引起PC12细胞可溶性β-淀粉样前体蛋白α片段分泌水平升高(均P〈0.01),其中以尼古丁浓度为100μmol/L时可溶性β-淀粉样前体蛋白α片段的分泌水平最高。(4)浓度为20μmol/L的Aβ25~35可导致胰岛素降解酶表达水平降低(P〈0.01),而浓度为100μmol/L的尼古丁可明显拮抗这种作用(P〈0.01),1000μmol/L的尼古丁则无明显拮抗作用(P〉0.05);将浓度为100μmol/L和1000μmol/L的尼古丁分别单独作用于PC12细胞时,胰岛素降解酶表达水平明显升高,与正常对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。结论尼古丁对Aβ25~35诱导的细胞毒性的拮抗作用与可溶性β-淀粉样前体蛋白α片段的分泌水平并无直接关系,而可能与胰岛素降解酶的表达水平相关。  相似文献   

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研究背景β-淀粉样蛋白在脑组织中沉积是阿尔茨海默病的典型病理特征之一,免疫疗法虽可有效清除β-淀粉样蛋白,但在治疗的同时也伴随出现一些不良反应.为了避免疫苗治疗过程中产生的严重不良反应如脑膜脑炎等.尝试采用突变型β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ1~42)致敏树突状细胞制备阿尔茨海默病疫苗.并在充分评价其安伞性和有效性的基础上,进一步探讨其治疗阿尔茨海默病转基因鼠的作用机制.方法 提取C57/B6小鼠胫骨和股骨树突状细胞,分别以突变型Aβ1~42致敏树突状细胞(实验组)和经弗氏佐剂免疫的野生型Aβ1~42 多肽(佐剂阳性对照组)制备疫苗,然后接种于阿尔茨海默病转基因鼠.免疫组织化学染色观察小鼠脑组织中核激素肝x受体(LXR)、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运子1(ABCA1)、CD45、晚期糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)和β-分泌酶(BACE)表达水平,体视学法半定量检测海马区cAl、CA2、CA3、DG、Rad和皮质区阳性神经元.结果 与阴性对照组相比.实验组和佐剂阳性对照组转基因鼠脑组织β-淀粉样蛋白表达水平显著降低(P=0.000),阴性对照组治疗前后无变化;经突变型Aβ1~42致敏的树突状细胞疫莆治疗后,转基因鼠脑组织中的LXR、ABCA1、CD45和BACE表达水平升高(P=0.000),RAGE表达水平降低(P=0.000).结论 经突变型Aβ1~42致敏树突状细胞制备的疫苗可通过多种因索的相互作用使阿尔茨海默病转基因鼠大脑β-淀粉样蛋白代谢达到新的免疫半衡,从而减少其在脑组织中的沉积.且无脑膜脑炎等严重不良反应,此与LXR/ABCA1通道作用有关.树突状细胞自身也在清除β-淀粉样蛋白的过程中扮演着预防小良反应发生的重要角色.  相似文献   

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To clarify whether senile plaques disappear, we examined amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposits in non-demented subjects, and found novel diffuse plaques associated with astroglial Aβ. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections from cortical areas were immunolabeled with a panel of Aβ antibodies, and astroglial and microglial markers. Cerebral Aβ deposition was primarily found as diffuse plaques (DP) in these subjects. A subset of DP was associated with clusters of intensely Aβ-positive small granules. The clusters, which were located just adjacent to astroglial nucleus, had the characteristics of lipofuscin granules and, therefore, were quite different from “small stellate deposits”. Substantial amounts of Aβ-positive granules were found inside astrocytes by dual labeling of Aβ and glial fibrillary acid protein, and the majority of astroglial Aβ immunoreactivity was located on lipofuscin granules. Aβ-positive granules lacked immunoreactivity with antisera for the N-terminal region of Aβ. These peculiar DP showed a much weaker staining than ordinary DP. The DP associated with astroglial Aβ were found in about one third of the subjects, although the density varied widely among individuals. From these findings, we propose that DP, which are associated with the N-terminal truncated Aβ in astrocytes, represent the disappearing stage of senile plaques. Received: 1 July 1997 / Revised: 27 August 1997 / Accepted: 4 November 1997  相似文献   

18.
The average lifespan of individuals with Down syndrome has approximately doubled over the past three decades to 55–60?years. To reveal the pathogenic process of Alzheimer-type dementia in individuals with Down syndrome, we immunohistochemically examined senile plaque formation in the cerebral cortex in the autopsy brain and compared findings with our previous studies. We described a 52-year-old female with Down syndrome who developed progressively more frequent myoclonus following cognitive decline and died at the age of 59?years. Her karyotype [46XX, inv(9)(p12q13), i(21)(q10)] included triplication of the gene for amyloid precursor protein and the Down syndrome critical region. On microscopy, very few gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) neurons, in the form of small granular cells, in the cortex and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum were visible. In our previous study, amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity was first noted in senile plaques at the age of 32?years. In this patient, even though amyloid β immunoreactivity was detected in the cores of senile plaques and diffuse plaques, amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity was not noted in senile plaques in the frontal cortex. Amyloid precursor protein and its derivative amyloid-β play an important role in the formation of senile plaques and the time course of immunoreactive expression may be related to the pathogenic process of Alzheimer-type dementia.  相似文献   

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